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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

The effect of rectal palpation on the fertility of cyclic mares.

The effect of rectal palpation of fertility of non-lactating, normal cyclic mares was studied over 3 years. During the first year (1971), the conception rates in mares after daily paplaption during oestrus only, and during oestrus and the first 50 days of pregnancy, were not significantly lower (P greater than 0-05) than the conception rates recorded in mares not palpated. No abortions could be attributed to palpation. Oestrus lasted longer (P less than 0-05) in non-palpated than palpated mares. During the second year (1972), first-cycle pregnancy rates in two groups of mares palpated daily during oestrus were lower (P less than 0-05) than those of mares not palpated. Daily palpation and insemination on the palpator's recommendation resulted in fewer (P less than 0-05) inseminations per cycle than in mares inseminated every other day of oestrus. During the third year (1973), the difference of first-cycle conception rates between mares palpated on alternate days of oestrus and those not palpated was not significant. Throughout the three years of the study, first-cycle conception rates following insemination with undiluted semen were higher (P less than 0-025) in non-palpated mares than in palpated mares (45-7 versus 79-2%).

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The diagnostic accuracy of palpation and fine-needle biopsy and an evaluation of their combined use in the diagnosis of breast lesions: report on a prospective study in 1244 women with symptoms.

In 1244 women with breast symptoms an evaluation by means of palpation was made with respect to diagnosis of malignancy according to a four-grade scale ranging from "definite cancer" to "no cancer." Aspiration biopsy and cytologic examination were then performed in 984 breast lesions. The diagnosis from the cytologic evaluation ranged from benign, through three grades of atypia (slight, moderate, grave) to cancer. A histologic diagnosis was made in 411 cases and in 28% it was cancer. Cancer was found in 92.5% of the patients with a palpatory diagnosis of "definite cancer," and in 50% of those with a palpatory diagnosis of "strong suspicion of cancer." In all patients in whom cancer was diagnosed cytologically, the same diagnosis was made at histology, while 87.5% of those with grave atypia at the cytologic examination were diagnosed histologically as having cancer. A false negative cytologic diagnosis was made in 4% of the cancer cases. With a combination of palpation and cytology, 91% of the cancer cases fell within the groups "definite cancer," "strong suspicion of cancer" (palpation)/"cancer," "grave atypia" (cytology). No patients with cancer were evaluated as "no cancer" (palpation)/"no atypia" (cytology). In this group of 697 patients, however, one cancer was discovered after 7 months. The investigation showed that a thorough palpatory evaluation is a prerequisite for a good result of aspiration biopsy, in particular to meet the risk of a false negative cytologic diagnosis. The cytologic examination revealed cancer in 6 and 12 cases, respectively, when palpation gave no or some suspicion of cancer, and in many cases it was able to eliminate malignancy suspected on palpation. Cytologic atypia indicated cancer in a relatively high per cent, but was also noted in many cases found to be benign histologically. The possibilities of reducing the number of "unnecessary" surgical biopsies by using a combination of palpation and cytology is discussed.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1990

Detection of corpora lutea and follicles in cows: a comparison of transvaginal ultrasonography and rectal palpation.

The ovaries of 59 pluriparous cows of unknown reproductive history were palpated, scanned and dissected on the day of slaughter to compare the accuracy of rectal palpation and transvaginal ultrasonography with a 5 MHz linear array for the detection of corpora lutea and follicles. The rectal palpation was first carried out to judge the presence of follicles of more than 5 mm diameter, and corpora lutea which were classified as young (days 1 to 4), mid-cycle (days 5 to 16) or old (days 17 to 21) according to morphological criteria. The cows were then examined for follicles and corpora lutea by ultrasonography and the corpora lutea were again classified directly as young, mid-cycle or old according to their appearance. The cows were then slaughtered, their ovaries dissected, and the follicles over 5 mm in diameter were counted and the corpora lutea were classified in the above mentioned age categories. For the detection of a mid-cycle corpus luteum the sensitivity and predictive value of rectal palpation were, respectively, 83.3 per cent and 73.2 per cent and for ultrasonography the sensitivity and predictive value were 80.6 per cent and 85.3 per cent, respectively. However, both techniques were inaccurate for the detection of young and old corpora lutea. For detecting follicles ultrasonography was a significantly better method than rectal palpation. Ultrasonography detected 95 per cent of follicles larger than 10 mm whereas rectal palpation detected only 71 per cent of these follicles. Both techniques failed with follicles 5 to 10 mm in diameter; only 21.5 per cent were detected by rectal palpation and 34.3 per cent by ultrasonography.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Lack of evidence of transmission of bovine leukemia virus by rectal palpation of dairy cows.

A study was undertaken in a California dairy to estimate the risk of transmission of bovine leukemia virus associated with rectal palpation of cows. The probability of seroconversion within 3 months after rectal palpation was examined as a function of the prevalence of infection in cows at the time of palpation. It was hypothesized that the probability of seroconversion within 3 months after palpation would be higher for cows in a group with high prevalence of infection than for cows in a group with low prevalence. The probability of seroconversion after rectal palpation was equal to 0.034, and results of logistic regression, using data from 1,116 noninfected and 1,047 infected cows, did not indicate any significant association between probability of seroconversion after rectal palpation and prevalence of infection (P = 0.189). Results of this study suggest that risk of bovine leukemia virus transmission by rectal palpation typically used in reproductive tract examination of cows either does not occur or is uncommon.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The reliability of lumbar motion palpation.

OBJECTIVE: This review surveys the literature regarding reliability studies of lumbar motion palpation. DATA SOURCES: Using the indexing terms motion palpation lumbar spine and palpation, the following English language databases were surveyed: a) Medline, including back file; b) Embase; c) Cinahl; and d) Epic. Additionally, a manual search of the Chiropractic Research Archives Collection and JMPT was performed and researchers at Western States Chiropractic College were consulted. Pertinent references cited in bibliographies of retrieved papers were included if contributory. STUDY SELECTION: Studies pertaining to intra- and interexaminer reliability of lumbar motion palpation were reviewed. DATA EXTRACTION: Statistical analysis, subject selection, method of palpation and sources of error are discussed. DATA SYNTHESIS: Multiple variations were noted in type of palpation, subjects examined, statistical analysis and experience of examiners. CONCLUSIONS: To date, most studies have demonstrated marginal to poor interexaminer reliability, while good to moderate intrarater reliability has generally been reported.

Back Pain↗
PubMed1992

Should we palpate foot pulses?

UNLABELLED: Palpation of foot pulses is traditionally used to evaluate patients with arterial disease. This study investigated observer variation in assessment of pedal vessels by pulse palpation and Doppler auscultation. A series of 33 claudicant patients and five controls were examined by a consultant, registrar, SHO and nurse. Dorsalis pedis (DP) and posterior tibial (PT) pulses were palpated and were then examined by Doppler with measurement of systolic pressures. CONTROL GROUP: No disagreement in DP pulses. However, all observers agreed on the presence of a PT pulse in only 70% of limbs. Claudicants: There was better agreement in palpation of the DP pulse (all observers agreed in 67% of limbs), than the PT pulse (all agreed in 53%). This suggests that the DP pulse is easier to palpate than the PT (P less than 0.05). By contrast there was better agreement on Doppler signals from the PT artery, all agreed in 78% of limbs; compared with the DP artery, all agreed in 58% (P less than 0.01). Pressure measurements by the observers agreed to within +/- 0.15 in 88% of claudicant and 100% of control limbs. Pedal pulse palpation in patients with arterial disease is subject to substantial observer error. Doppler pressure measurement is preferable unless pulses are bounding.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The role of inexperience in measuring tuberculin skin reaction (Mantoux test) by the pen or palpation technique.

We have shown previously that experienced readers can use the palpation or pen method for reading the Mantoux tuberculin skin test with accuracy. In order to investigate if the inexperienced reader can use both methods with the same degree of accuracy, we performed Mantoux tests in 539 healthy subjects, aged 20-57 years (mean 33 years), using the PPD-RT 23 in dose 2 I.U. (1/5000). In random order and a double-blind fashion, an experienced and an inexperienced reader measured the induration after 48 h by the palpation method initially and then by the pen method, without knowing the identity of the subject. Results of the study did not show any significant difference in any range of measurements by the two readers, using either the pen or palpation method (P greater than 0.1). A highly statistically significant linear relationship was found between the measurements by the pen method used by experienced and inexperienced readers (r = 0.823, P less than 0.0001) and between the palpation measurements by the two readers (r = 0.939, P less than 0.0001). We conclude that the effects of an inexperienced examiner in the measurement of of tuberculin skin induration are minimal. Inexperienced readers can use the pen method as accurately as the traditional palpation method.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Cervical lymph node metastasis: significance of computerized tomography and palpation. A histologically controlled comparison].

Palpation and CT are used before treatment, in addition to sonography, in patients with tumours in the head and neck for lymph node staging. The accuracy of CT in identifying lymph node metastases is 79% and in our clinical material is similar to the accuracy of palpation (81%). Sensitivity of CT (93%) is better than palpation (82%). Specificity of CT (65%) is less than that of palpation (82%). The high percentage of false positives from CT (35%) is due to enlargement of the lymph nodes resulting from sinus histiocytosis or follicular hyperplasia. CT is significantly superior to palpation in demonstrating the relationship of the lymph nodes to the surrounding tissues (vessels, muscles, bones).

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Cervical lymph node metastases: a histologically controlled comparison of palpation, sonography and computed tomography].

Sonography and CT were used pre-operatively for lymph node staging in patients with head and neck malignancies. The accuracy of the imaging methods surpassed that of palpation (palpation 85%, CT 85%, sonography 90%). Sensitivity was significantly increased from 74% (palpation) to 84% (CT) and 90% (sonography), ie. there was a reduction in false negative findings. Size of lymph nodes was not closely correlated with metastatic involvement. Reactively enlarged lymph nodes were more easily defined by CT and sonography than by palpation. This reduced the specificity of sonography (90%) and of CT (86%) compared to palpation (94%).

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1991

Palpation as a method for evaluating occlusal discrepancies.

In this study, 30 dentists were surveyed about their methods of palpating teeth for the evaluation of premature contacts. Thirty-eight dentists were then tested to determine their ability to discriminate degrees of prematurity using each of two different methods of palpation. The degree of digital pressure used by each dentist during palpation was also measured. The majority of dentists chose the same method for palpation: a single forefinger overlaying the facial surfaces of the central incisors being evaluated. In the discrimination test, the majority of dentists were able to identify reliably occlusal interference of greater than or equal to 50 microns regardless of the palpation method used.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Diagnosis of luteal and follicular ovarian cysts by palpation per rectum and linear-array ultrasonography in dairy cows.

The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the accuracy of palpation per rectum and linear-array ultrasonography for diagnosing follicular vs luteal ovarian cysts in cows. Forty-seven examinations of ovarian cysts from 28 cows were diagnosed by palpation per rectum as either a firm, thick-walled structure (luteal cyst) or a soft, thin-walled structure (follicular cyst) during weekly herd examinations. The ovaries of each cow were then examined by ultrasonography. Ultrasonograms of cysts greater than 25 mm in diameter were diagnosed as luteal or follicular cysts and were recorded on videotape for evaluation by a second clinician. Serum progesterone concentrations at the time of examination were determined by radioimmunoassay and used to classify luteal (greater than 0.5 ng/ml) or follicular (less than or equal to 0.5 ng/ml) cysts. Selection of this discriminatory level was based on response of a proportion of cows with luteal cysts that were given 25 mg of prostaglandin F2 alpha at the time of diagnosis by ultrasonography. Sensitivity and specificity of palpation per rectum for diagnosis of type of ovarian cyst were low (43.3 and 64.7%, respectively). In contrast, sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography were considerably higher (86.7 and 82.3%, respectively). Agreement between the 2 methods of diagnosis was 57.4%. Overall agreement between the 2 clinicians' diagnoses by ultrasonography was 85.1%. On the basis of our findings, we confirm that luteal and follicular cysts cannot be accurately differentiated by palpation per rectum alone. These data suggest that linear-array ultrasonography is more effective than palpation per rectum for diagnosing type of ovarian cyst in cows.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Rectal palpation and transmission of bovine leukemia virus in dairy cattle.

To determine whether rectal palpation, using common obstetrical sleeves, serves as a mode of transmission of bovine leukemia virus in dairy cattle, field studies were conducted at 2 dairies. At a commercial dairy, significant difference was not observed in rate of seroconversion in heifers and cows in which the same sleeve or new sleeves were used for palpations. At a university dairy, where cattle were used to teach dairy husbandry and veterinary procedures, significantly (P less than 0.02) greater rate of seroconversion was observed in heifers and cows palpated with unwashed common sleeves than that observed in heifers and cows palpated with sleeves washed between use. Although rectal transmission of bovine leukemia virus under field conditions was documented, it was related to frequency of palpation and age of cattle.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Relationship between muscular palpation and three dimensional incisal path at border movement of mandible].

Temporomandibular arthrosis was diversified phases of its development as well as complicated mode of its crisis, due to which no concrete clinical diagnostic procedure has been established yet. However, a close relation of occlusal disturbance with the crisis factor is suggested, and assessments have been made in the prosthetic dentistry, setting a viewpoint at the phases of mandibular movement. Particularly, incisal path at border movement of mandible is made the object for basic assessment since it exhibits intensified condition. On the other hand, importance is attached to Krogh-Poulsen's muscular palpation for diagnosis of the pain and contraction of the masticatory muscle which occur in temporomandibular arthrosis. However, though there is a close relation between the pain or abnormal contraction of the masticatory muscle and the phases of mandibular movement, these diagnostic procedures have been the studies which have dealt with the subjects separately. And no report is seen on the study made of the relation between the phases of incisal path at border movement of the mandible and Krogh-Poulsen's muscular palpation. Accordingly, with the purpose of investigating these relationships, the author has made assessment of the relationship between the result by Krogh-Poulsen's muscular palpation and the form (analogue form) of three-dimensional incisal path at border movement of the mandible summarized and standardized by TMJ gnathological instrument which is evaluated as a recording method with high clinical efficiency as a method with excellent reproducibility of mandibular movement and favorable manipulability. The subjects enrolled were patients with temporomandibular arthrosis and the so-called normal healthy subjects with normally functioning occlusion who are not conscious clinically of the abnormality of the stomatognathic system nor had similar anamnesis. And the following results have been obtained. 1. Results by Krogh-Poulsen's muscular palpation; 1) The 59 so-called normal healthy subjects were classified into 2 groups by Krogh-Poulsen's muscular palpation, and of these, the cases in whom no abnormality was observed were only 5, being 8.5%, and the cases in whom single or multiple test items showed abnormality were 54, being so high rate as 91.5%. The occurring frequency of 5 test symptoms in the 54 cases were; 22 cases with trismus-40.7%; 34 cases with temporomandibular sounds -63.0%; 20 cases with pain -37.0%; 36 cases with tenderness of the lateral pterygoid muscle -66.7%; and 25 cases with disturbance of lateral mandibular movement -46.3%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Interrater reliability in masticatory muscle palpation.

Muscle palpation is an important procedure in screening for TM disorders and assessing results of treatment outcome studies, but interpretation of response may be subjective and vulnerable to examiner bias. Masticatory muscle palpation scoring was evaluated with respect to interrater agreement on 31 myofascial pain-dysfunction patients participating in a medication study. Two clinicians independently palpated the temporomandibular joints, muscles of mastication, and related head and neck musculature on three different occasions over the 6-week period of the study. Standardization of palpation technique and initial protocol for interpretation of subject response were discussed prior to the first examination. Further clarification and reinforcement of examination methodology and scoring were carried out prior to the second examination, 1 week later. Another 5 weeks passed, with no further standardization, before the third and last examination. A behaviorally anchored scoring system (0 to 3) was used to rate response to palpation. Results indicate that two investigators can achieve a fair degree of reliability when carefully standardized, further interrater standardization can result in higher reliability, and reliability can be maintained over at least a 5-week period of time.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

[Vaginal sonography as a method of study in the evaluation of cervix insufficiency. A useful complement to vaginal palpation?].

In a clinical study a group of pregnant women with suspected cervical incompetence was examined by vaginal sonography. Aim of the investigation was to compare results of performed vaginal palpation with results of sonography. 53 pregnant women between 20th und 31st week of gestation were examined by a 5 MHz vaginal sector-scanner probe. After focussing sagittal projection of uterine cervix and lower uterine segment the cervical length and opening of the internal os were assessed prior to cerclage. Postoperative vaginal sonography was performed to ascertain lengthening and stabilization of the incompetent cervix. Comparing results of vaginal palpation and vaginal sonography showed, that the cervical length obtained by sonography was constantly higher in all patients than the results obtained by palpation. This difference became more distinct in the group of patients with extreme cervical incompetence. We are of the opinion that vaginal sonography is an objective method revealing the extent of cervical incompetence. Exact measurement of the cervical length and assessment of the internal os are efficient diagnostic criteria. They complete results of cervical palpation and offer precise information concerning an intended cerclage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Detection of renal anomalies by abdominal palpation in newborn infants.

In a new technique of palpation for renal anomalies in the newborn one hand supports the infant while the fingers of the other hand support the loin and the thumb explores the abdomen. In a series of 11 000 otherwise normal newborn children superficial palpation detected 11 renal anomalies, and deep palpation led to the discovery of another 42 anomalies. One of two other series in which palpation was performed bimanually gave a similar incidence of renal anomalies (0-5%). Early discovery of an asymptomatic anomaly enables early treatment of the complications that are often found in patients with congenital renal anomalies detected in later life.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The palpator: an instrument for measuring the positions of bones in three dimensions.

In order to measure the three-dimensional (3D) position of the shoulder girdle bones, as well as the 3D positions of muscle attachments and joint surfaces in cadaver experiments, a measurement instrument, called the palpator, was developed. The palpator is composed of an open chain of four links connected by four hinges. By recording the rotation of the hinges using potentiometers, the position of the end-point of the palpator can be calculated. After the identification of 23 parameters of the palpator, a measurement accuracy of 1.43 mm is obtained.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1991

[A histologically controlled study of the value of sonography and palpation for the detection and exclusion of neck lymph node enlargements and metastases].

Preoperative evaluation of cervical lymph nodes by ultrasound and palpation was compared retrospectively in 123 patients with tumours on the head and neck. The diagnostic accuracy was higher by ultrasound (96.5%) than by palpation (85.5%). Hence, the sensitivity for detecting cervical metastases was also higher for ultrasound than for palpation (96% versus 83%), because of the reduced false negative findings. Specificity, however, was higher for palpation (82%) than for ultrasound (74%). Ultrasound was superior in delineating the relationship of metastases to adjacent tissues (vessels). Major disadvantages of ultrasound were the higher percentage of false positive findings (26%) and absence if delineation of the relationship to bony structures.

Adult↗