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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

Aggression in painting - painting as a means of release of aggression.

Painting is a primordial expression. It is not as rigidly defined, edited and criticized as verbal expression. On the other hand, society is more tolerant of painting, and subjects otherwise taboo, like sex, are not rejected. Through painting, aggression can be expressed in different ways, by using piercing and sharp forms; colors that clash; color can be put on the canvas with anger, used as a material. Aggression can also be expressed in the content of the painting, like in a story with an aggression plot. When we encourage individuals to channel their aggression in socially tolerated ways, we teach the aggressive person to release his aggression without jeopardizing his place in society and help him to accept socially approved values and attitudes. We can define this achievement as a step towards the social rehabilitation of the aggressive individuals. The paintings, 16 in all, of 8 mental patients are analyzed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Microbial settlement of paint- and building-materials in the sphere of drinking-water. 1. Information: long time observation of a bitumen paint in a drinking-water-reservoir (author's transl)].

In a drinking water reservoir with a freshly applied bituminous coating a microbial settlement was found on the walls. Its development was observed over a period of 23 months. The slime on the walls consisted of bacteria and fungi and was secondarily colonized by protozoa and nematodes. The quantities of the microbial coating decreased during a 12 months time. In the beginning of the time of observation a high number of bacteria was found in the water. The carbon fixed by the microbes came from fossile sources to an amount of 90%.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1978

[Microbial settlement of paint- and building-materials in the sphere of drinking-water. 2. Information: experimental examination of bitumen paint under working conditions (author's transl)].

A bituminous coating material for drinking water reservoirs was applied on testing plates for a microbial examination. In function of the chlorine content of the water a microbial slime layer could be found on the testing plates. The amount of slime became less in course of the time or was not produced at all, when the plates were desiccated before the experiment for some months. A slime layer could never be observed on plates of asbestos cement and polyacryl as inert materials for comparison. Different microbial populations were observed.

Coal Tar↗
PubMed1991

Indoor air mercury concentrations following application of interior latex paint.

Mercury vapors are released from paint containing mercury compounds used to prolong the shelf-life of interior latex paint. To determine whether homes recently painted with paint containing mercury had elevated indoor-air mercury concentrations, we studied 37 Ohio homes. Twenty-one homes painted with mercury-containing paint a median of 86 days earlier were compared with 16 homes not recently painted with mercury-containing paint. Paint samples from the exposed homes contained a median of 210 mg Hg/L (range 120-610 mg/L). The median air mercury concentration was higher in the exposed homes (0.3 microgram/m3; range nondetectable--1.5 microgram/m3) than in the unexposed homes (nondetectable; range nondetectable--0.3 microgram/m3, P less than 0.0001). Among the exposed homes there were seven in which paint containing less than 200 mg/L had been applied. In these homes, the median air mercury concentration was 0.2 microgram/m3 (range nondetectable--1 microgram/m3). Six (33%) exposed homes had air mercury concentrations greater than 0.5 microgram/m3, the acceptable indoor concentration recommended by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Elemental mercury was the form of mercury released into the air. These data demonstrate that potentially hazardous mercury exposure may occur in homes recently painted with paint that contains mercury concentrations less than 200 mg/L.

Air Pollution↗
PubMed1990

Mercury exposure from interior latex paint.

BACKGROUND: Many paint companies have used phenylmercuric acetate as a preservative to prolong the shelf life of interior latex paint. In August 1989, acrodynia, a form of mercury poisoning, occurred in a child exposed to paint fumes in a home recently painted with a brand containing 4.7 mmol of mercury per liter (at that time the Environmental Protection Agency's recommended limit was 1.5 mmol or less per liter). METHODS: To determine whether the recent use of that brand of paint containing phenylmercuric acetate was associated with elevated indoor-air and urinary mercury concentrations, we studied 74 "exposed" persons living in 19 homes recently painted with the brand and 28 "unexposed" persons living in 10 homes not recently painted with paint containing mercury. RESULTS: The paint samples from the homes of exposed persons contained a median of 3.8 mmol of mercury per liter, and air samples from the homes had a median mercury content of 10.0 nmol per cubic meter (range, less than 0.5 to 49.9). No mercury was detected in paint or air samples from the homes of unexposed persons. The median urinary mercury concentration was higher in the exposed persons (4.7 nmol of mercury per millimole of creatinine; range, 1.4 to 66.5) than in the unexposed persons (1.1 nmol per millimole; range, 0.02 to 3.9; P less than 0.001). Urinary mercury concentrations within the range that we found in exposed persons have been associated with symptomatic mercury poisoning. CONCLUSIONS: We found that potentially hazardous exposure to mercury had occurred among persons whose homes were painted with a brand of paint containing mercury at concentrations approximately 2 1/2 times the Environmental Protection Agency's recommended limit.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Chemical distribution in high-solids paint overspray aerosols.

The chemical composition of high-solids basecoat paint overspray aerosols was determined as a function of particle size. Detailed information on the chemical composition of the overspray aerosols is important in health hazard evaluation since the composition and distribution within the airborne particles may differ significantly from the bulk paint material. This study was conducted in a typical down-draft paint booth equipped with air-atomized spray painting equipment. A fixed paint target was used to simulate typical overspray generation conditions and the aerosols were collected isokinetically with a seven-stage cascade impactor for size-fractionated analysis. The overspray aerosol from six paints consisted of organic paint binders with varying amounts of inorganic species as pigments or luster enhancers. These overspray aerosols had mass median aerodynamic diameters (MMAD) ranging from 2.9 to 9.7 microns. The size-fractionated paint samples collected on the impaction stages were analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry on a scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDXRS) to identify the metallic elements. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used to determine the mass distribution of aluminum and iron as indicators of nonuniform distribution. Three of the aerosols containing aluminum were found to have bimodal distributions with most aluminum distributions having cumulative MMADs larger than the total aerosol. Iron in the aerosols was bimodal for three of the paints with all samples having an overall iron MMAD less than or equal to the overspray aerosol MMAD. Analysis using ultraviolet spectrometry revealed that the organic compounds present in the size-fractionated particulate samples consisted of a single, polydispersed mode with an MMAD similar to that of the total overspray aerosol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aerosols↗
PubMed2026

Chromosome painting in plants: history and future perspectives.

Chromosome painting was developed in mammalian species nearly four decades ago and rapidly became a powerful tool for chromosome identification, comparative cytogenetics, and evolutionary genome analysis. Comparative chromosome painting among diverse mammals generated much of the foundational knowledge of chromosome structure, chromosomal rearrangements, and karyotype evolution before the advent of whole-genome sequencing. Although chromosome painting was first demonstrated in plants in 2001, its applications remained largely restricted to a few plant lineages until the development of oligonucleotide (oligo)-based chromosome painting in 2015. During the last decade, oligo-based chromosome painting has transformed plant cytogenetics, enabling many investigations that were previously impossible. These studies have provided new insights into meiotic chromosome pairing, crossover formation, chromosome fusion, karyotype stability, and chromosome evolution across diverse plant lineages. This review summarizes the history of technological development of chromosome painting in plants, highlights major discoveries enabled by oligo-based chromosome painting, and discusses future opportunities, particularly the integration of chromosome painting with three-dimensional chromosome and genome biology.

Chromosome Painting↗
PubMed1978

Airless paint gun injuries: an update.

The airless paint gun delivers paint at pressures approximating 3,000 psi. Paint accidently injected into the skin under this pressure causes a devastating injury which is a result of the paint material, the level of bacterial contamination, and the pressure at which the paint is delivered. The time interval between injury and treatment seems a critical determinant of outcome. Decompression of the closed vascular compartments of the hand must be begun immediately to release the underlying tissue distended by the injected paint. Judicious wound debridement must be performed. Immediate antibiotic treatment is indicated in all patients. Studies seem to indicate that steroids limit the severity of inflammatory response. A regimen of hydrocortisone sodium succinate, 100 mg IV, administered immediately before surgery should be followed by a seven-day tapering course of oral prednisone starting with 40 mg on the first postoperative day. Recent safety measures and consumer warnings through the Consumer Product Safety Commission may reduce the number of airless paint gun injuries.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1991

Exposure to mixtures of solvents among paint workers and biochemical alterations of liver function.

The objective of this study was to determine biochemical alterations of liver function among paint manufacturers and sprayers associated with exposure to organic solvents. Two paint manufacturing factories and 22 various kinds of spray painting factories (16 car painting, two aircraft painting, three video terminal painting; and one trailer painting) were included. Air concentrations of organic solvents were collected by personal samplers and analysed by gas chromatography. A total of 180 workers were given a comprehensive physical examination, a questionnaire, a liver function test, and a test for hepatitis B surface antigen. The questionnaire contained questions regarding detailed personal medical history, intake of alcohol, and use of medicine. Mixtures of solvents were used throughout the factories, and xylene and toluene were the major components found in almost all air samples with average contents of 46% and 29% on a weight basis of 67 air samples. No strong hepatotoxic solvents were detected. Workers were classified according to the different exposure patterns and different air concentrations of breathing zones as: high (eight hour time weighted average (8 h TWA) hygienic effects of solvents 0.25-9.83, median 1.66), short term high (8 h TWA hygienic effects of solvents 0-3.38, median 0.12), and low (8 h TWA hygienic effects of solvents all below 0.38). After applying a multivariate model to control the non-occupational factors (alcohol, medication, age, and hepatitis B viral infection), increase in gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity was found to be associated with severity of exposure to the mixture of solvents. Because the possible effects on GGT activity of non-occupational factors were controlled for, it is concluded that increased GGT activity among exposed workers may be due to a higher exposure to the mixture of solvents.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Composition and health hazards of water-based construction paints: results from a survey in the Netherlands.

Water-based construction paints may have beneficial effects toward man's occupational and general environment when compared to traditional paints that contain large amounts of organic solvents. The aim of this study was to describe the health hazards of the application of these alternative paints. The composition of these paints was obtained by a questionnaire survey among the main producers and importers in The Netherlands. Physicochemical parameters and toxicity data of the constituents were used to estimate occupational and environmental health hazards. Mucous membrane of skin irritation and sensitization are predicted to be the most frequently occurring health hazards after contact with these paints during professional or do-it-yourself application. Health hazards from environmental pollution may be irritation of the mucous membranes when the indoor environment is painted and fish mortality due to slowly degradable polyacrylate binders. The health hazards can be reduced by replacing some toxic compounds with less toxic ones and by hygienic (ventilation, skincare, no cleaning of application materials under the tap) measures.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Prevalence of radiographic evidence of paint chip ingestion among children with moderate to severe lead poisoning, St Louis, Missouri, 1989 through 1990.

Although experts once believed that ingesting chips of lead-based paint was the major cause of lead poisoning among children, conventional wisdom now holds that lead-contaminated dust and soil are the major routes of exposure. Data from a childhood lead-poisoning treatment clinic were examined to assess the frequency with which children ingest paint chips. For this study, the reports on abdominal radiographs of 90 children with moderate to severe lead poisoning who had received their first chelation treatment during 1989 or 1990 were reviewed. According to a radiologist's evaluation, 13 of 90 abdominal radiographs (14%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 7% to 22%) showed evidence of paint chip ingestion. Of 46 children with blood lead levels greater than or equal to 55 micrograms/dL, 12 (26%) had radiographs that showed paint chips, whereas only 1 (2%) of 44 children with blood lead levels less than 55 micrograms/dL had such radiographs (prevalence ratio = 11.5; 95% CI 1.6 to 84.6). The actual proportion of children with moderate to severe lead poisoning who have consumed leaded-paint chips is likely to be higher than this estimate based on radiographic evidence. While lead-contaminated dust is a major source of lead exposure, ingestion of leaded-paint chips clearly remains an important source of exposure among children with moderate to severe lead poisoning.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

The effects of hyalurodinase upon tumor formation in BALB/c mice painted with 7,12-dimethylbenz-(a)anthracene.

Experiments were performed to investigate the effects of hyaluronidase on chemical carcinogenesis. Two experiments were carried out using BALB/c mice. In the first experiment the mice were divided into three groups, viz. (1) painted with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA), (2) injected with hyaluronidase and painted with DMBA and (3) injected with saline and painted with DMBA. In the second experiment the mice were divided into three groups: (1) painted with DMBA, (2) injected with hyaluronidase and painted with DMBA and (3) injected with heat-inactivated hyaluronidase and painted with DMBA. The tumor incidence and size of tumors were significantly lower in the group treated with hyaluronidase than in the other groups. The latent period was increased. The mitotic index of the skin adjacent to the tumors at the end of the experiment was decreased. These studies show that hyaluronidase can act as an anticarcinogenic agent.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1979

The distribution of 2,4-dinitrophenyl groups in lymphoid tissue of guinea-pigs following skin painting with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene.

Cellular localization of 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP) groups in the peripheral lymphoid system of guinea-pigs was studied at various times after painting the skin with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) by the immunofluorescent method using anti-DNP antibody. The cells taking up the stain (DNP cells) were shown to be mainly lymphocytes. At 1-6 h after painting the majority of DNP cells were found in the peripheral blood and the spleen but the maximum number was reached in the lymph node draining the site of DNCB application 12 h after painting. Injecting cyclophosphamide (CY) 3 days before painting with DNCB, heightened the number of DNP cells residing in the draining node. The animals treated with the tolerogen, 2,4-dinitrobenzene sulphonic acid sodium salt (DNBSO3Na), and then painted with DNCB, had fewer DNP cells than those animals which had simply been painted once with DNCB. The culture supernatants prepared from the draining nodes of both normal and tolerant animals partially blocked the anti-DNP antibody binding with DNP cells. It is suggested that the cells associated with DNP groups residing in the draining lymph node act as immunogens in the immunizing process of contact sensitivity.

Administration, Topical↗