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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Psychopathology in children aged 10-17 of bipolar parents: psychopathology rate and correlates of the severity of the psychopathology.

Seventy-two proband children aged 10-17 of bipolar parents, matched with 72 control children of normal parents, were investigated using DSM-III diagnostic criteria and multiple sources of information. The psychopathology rate in children (61% in probands versus 25% in controls) was related to the impact of psychic disorders on the children's adaptive functioning. The effect of several variables describing the psychiatric status of both parents and familial environment on the severity of psychopathology in children was analysed. Disordered and non-disordered probands were compared with respect to illness characteristics of their parents, familial environment, personality traits, and IQ by means of canonical discriminant analysis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Social context in developmental psychopathology: recommendations for future research from the MacArthur Network on Psychopathology and Development. The MacArthur Foundation Research Network on Psychopathology and Development.

Accumulating evidence suggests that social contexts in early life have important and complex effects on childhood psychopathology. Spurred by the lack of an explicit operational definition that could guide the study of such effects, we define a social context operationally as "a set of interpersonal conditions, relevant to a particular behavior or disorder and external to, but shaped and interpreted by, the individual child." Building on this definition, we offer a series of recommendations for future research, based on five theoretically derived propositions: (a) Contexts are nested and multidimensional; (b) contexts broaden, differentiate, and deepen with age, becoming more specific in their effects; (c) contexts and children are mutually determining; (d) a context's meaning to the child determines its effects on the child and arises from the context's ability to provide for fundamental needs; and (e) contexts should be selected for assessment in light of specific questions or outcomes. As reflected in an increasingly rich legacy of literature on child development and psychopathology, social contexts appear to influence emerging mental disorders through dynamic, bidirectional interactions with individual children. Future research will benefit from examining not only statistical interactions between child- and context-specific factors, but also the actual transactions between children and contexts and the transduction of contextual influences into pathways of biological mediation. Because adverse contexts exert powerful effects on the mental health of children, it is important for the field to generate new, more theoretically grounded research addressing the contextual determinants of psychological well-being and disorder.

Child↗
PubMed2000

[Psychopathological phenomena and personality disorders (the issue of dynamic aspects of psychopathologies)].

An analysis of the interaction between pathocharacterological and psychopathological (affective, anxious-phobic and hysterical) phenomena within "borderline psychiatry" (reactions, phases, development) gives evidence to the existence of 2 clinically heterogeneous variations of comorbid interactions. The first variation: primary psychopathological syndromes manifesting without any significant correlation with personality disorders and transform into pathocharacterological ones (neurotic, postreactive) personality development by means of "amalgamating" mechanism. The second variation: secondary (in regard to personality disorders) psychopathological phenomena forming on the basis of constitutional personality traits by means of "splitting off" mechanism and are defined as personality disorders with predisposition to manifest positive psychopathological symptomatology. Formation of isolated obsessive and dissociative disorders within the structure of "basic" pathocharacterological phenomena (variation 2) predicts a future absence of growing severity of personality disorders (i.e. a dynamics traditionally defined as the development--variation 1) and stabilization of psychopathic traits with features of compensation of the latter. The possibilities of pathological dynamics in psychopathic personality with a "splitting off" of the isolated psychopathological syndromes exhausted; for decades neither growing severity of personality disorders, nor an exacerbation of those psychopathological complexes which provided a primary base for manifestation of positive symptomatology may be observed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Children aged 10-17 of endogenous unipolar depressive parents and of normal parents. I. Psychopathology rate and relationship of the severity of the psychopathology to familial and environmental variables.

Seventy two children aged 10-17 of 42 endogenous unipolar depressive parents (proband children) and 72 children aged 10-17 of 66 normal parental couples (control children) were studied. Overall rate of psychopathology (disorders present at the time of investigation and one year before) reached 51% in proband children and 29% in control children. Depressive disorder rate reached 10% in proband children and 4% in control children. The sex of the depressive parent did not influence the psychopathology rate in offspring, while the early age of onset of the illness (under 30 years) in parent increased the psychopathology risk in children. The severity of the psychopathology in children defined as functional impairment was significantly dependent on the severity of the depressive illness in proband parent, the presence of psychopathology in the spouse of the depressive parent, the presence of psychopathology in the relatives of both parents, the socio-cultural level of the family and the violence expressed in the familial atmosphere.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Annotation: attachment disorganisation and psychopathology: new findings in attachment research and their potential implications for developmental psychopathology in childhood.

BACKGROUND: The past 10 years have seen a fruitful line of enquiry building on identification of previously unclassifiable patterns of infant-mother interaction. A critical review of these new findings in attachment theory, highlighting their potential relevance to child psychopathology, is presented. METHOD: Selective literature review relating to disorganised attachment in childhood. RESULTS: Disorganised patterns of attachment have only relatively recently been described. They show characteristic patterns of evolution in development. There is evidence that disorganised attachments are associated with specific forms of distorted parenting, which are distinct from general parental insensitivity and are associated with unresolved loss or trauma in the caregiver. There are also links with aspects of neurodevelopment vulnerability in the child. Attachment disorganisation is a powerful predictor of a range of later social and cognitive difficulties and psychopathology. CONCLUSIONS: The identification of disorganised attachment has greatly increased the potential relevance of attachment theory to general clinical work. However, the concept raises many methodological and theoretical issues. Among issues needing further exploration is the way in which attachment disorganisation relates to children's general mental states and may be affected by cognitive functioning and developmental impairment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Multidimensional ordering of psychopathology. A factor-analytic study using the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale.

The aim of the study was to search for a multidimensional order in the psychopathology of the functional mental disorders in general. A heterogeneous group of 192 patients was investigated by means of a semistructured interview based on the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale. Principal component factor analysis revealed 5 clinically meaningful dimensions interpretable as representing dysregulation of emotion and motivation, perceptual and behavioural disintegration and dysregulation of autonomic functions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Music psychopathology. V. Objective features of instrumental performance and psychopathology.

Mental disease systematically impairs musical expression according to nosologic classification. This was demonstrated with a polarity profile of the instrumental performances of 60 inpatients and 14 controls matched for musical aptitude. Objective performance characteristics such as irregularities and playing faults were analyzed too. No meaningful correlation between these features and psychopathology resulted. This indicates that even in severe psychopathologic alterations performance features, which depend mainly on education and actual training, are not altered in a systematic manner, in contrast to expressive qualities.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Muscular tension and psychopathology. A comparison of four psychopathological groups by general physiotherapeutic examination of muscular tension.

From 1968 to 1970, 136 test patients divided in four groups have been examined by general physiotherapeutic muscle tension examination. Group 1 were psychotic patients, group 2 were neurotic patients, and both groups were inpatients in a psychiatric hospital. Group 3 were ambulant patients at a physical institute and group 4 were healthy control persons. Each group was examined by five different, independent clinical muscle tension investigations: (1) examination of posture when standing and lying supine; (2) examination of respiration standing and lying supine; (3) examination of resistance to passive movements; (4) examination of muscle elasticity on palpation, and (5) examination of the patients reaction to the palpation. Altogether 47 variables were investigated, and of these 34 gave results which were statistically significant. This study confirms that there is a systematic connection between muscle tension and psychic conditions and the physiotherapeutic muscle tension investigation can contribute to diagnosing the degree of psychopathology and could be an aid in the selection of treatment. It is of interst to find out whether there is a connection between tension of the skeletal muscles on the one side and psychopathology on the other. A possible connection between the two might open the door for a comprehensive understanding of somatical and psychological illnesses, and offer the possibility for a more concise and direct treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Psychopathology or adaptation? Genetic and evolutionary perspectives on individual differences and psychopathology.

A greater understanding of psychopathology will be found in the integration of genetic and evolutionary perspectives on adaptation and function. Evolutionary theory proposes that adaptive traits are reproduced more successfully than maladaptive ones. However, some traits, while contributing to fitness in the ancestral environment, may contribute to fitness no longer. This is known as mismatch theory. Evolutionarily informed research into various "pathologies" has yielded interesting results, some based on this theory. This paper serves to distinguish between genetic and evolutionary perspectives on psychopathology as well as to examine some recent research on the selective forces that may be implicated in psychopathy, anorexic behavior, and ADHD. We suggest that research into psychopathy in general would benefit from an evolutionary perspective and an examination of the assumptions behind past research.

Adaptation, Biological↗
PubMed1986

[Study instrument for psychopathology in computer-assisted analysis of findings (Structured Psychopathologic Detection System)].

With the Structured Psychopathological Evaluation-System (SPES) an instrument existed for employment of objective criteria. This study was designed to present an evaluation system based on new scientific results, that is applying on the strength of a reduced catalogue of symptoms (94 compared with 198 Items at SPES-A) to clinical routine. Additional findings differentiated by this system be able to classify by the help of an operational decision system.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed1988

Psychopathology and personality characteristics of epileptic patients: epilepsy, psychopathology and personality.

The psychiatric investigation of a sample of 101 epileptic patients (65 temporal lobe epileptics (TLE) and 36 non-TLE) through various methods of evaluation, showed that only a minority of TLE with DSM-III diagnoses of Organic Brain Syndromes had severe psychopathology and manifested some personality traits. Thus, these patients seem to be differentiated from the rest of epileptics, TLE and non-TLE, who had quite "benign" psychological problems, if at all. It is quite probable that this sub-group of TLE could be the main instigators and perpetrators of the "bad image" of epileptics. The findings are discussed in relation to the pertinent literature and some hypotheses are offered for their explanation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Psychopathology as risk for adolescent substance use disorders: a developmental psychopathology perspective.

Examines several issues on psychiatric diagnoses as risk factors for adolescent drug use and substance use disorders. The articles in this special section are discussed in terms of dynamic models of risk and protective factors, stages of research needed for establishing causal mechanisms in the etiology of drug use disorders, conceptualizing drug use and abuse in the context of the developmental organization of the individual, equifinality and multifinality in developmental pathways to drug use and abuse, and issues in conceptualizing drug use problems as mental disorders. Future directions for research on the etiology of problem drug use, guided by principles of developmental psychopathology and prevention science, are provided.

Adolescent↗