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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Psychological testing and psychological assessment. A review of evidence and issues.

This article summarizes evidence and issues associated with psychological assessment. Data from more than 125 meta-analyses on test validity and 800 samples examining multimethod assessment suggest 4 general conclusions: (a) Psychological test validity is strong and compelling, (b) psychological test validity is comparable to medical test validity, (c) distinct assessment methods provide unique sources of information, and (d) clinicians who rely exclusively on interviews are prone to incomplete understandings. Following principles for optimal nomothetic research, the authors suggest that a multimethod assessment battery provides a structured means for skilled clinicians to maximize the validity of individualized assessments. Future investigations should move beyond an examination of test scales to focus more on the role of psychologists who use tests as helpful tools to furnish patients and referral sources with professional consultation.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Development, basic characteristics and empirical norms of the DSQ-40 psychological test].

Psychological defence mechanisms represent relatively stable aspect of personality, while character and frequency of defence mechanisms which a person uses, points to the character structure of personality. Measuring psychological defence mechanisms is very difficult and very unreliable, so that only several instruments have been developed for the estimation of such characteristics. The most notable instrument of this kind in the world is DSQ-40 (Defense Style Questionnaire), which has lately been more often used in our country. As DSQ-40 is still not widely known in our environment, the aim of this study was to represent the onset and the development of this test, its basic characteristics and empirical norms acquired on our population. Examination included two examined groups in military population of male sex only: soldiers of adolescent age (n = 400) and officers of the adult age (n = 165). Statistical analysis and the comparison of the results with corresponding standards obtained in foreign researches showed that defence style and structure of psychological defence mechanisms were connected with socio-demographic and cultural characteristics of examinees. It was concluded that norms of the test DSQ-40 must be adjusted to the concrete population, which hasn't diminished its practical values and employment in diagnostic and selection purposes.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The status of psychological testing in clinical psychology: relationships between test use and professional activities and orientations.

A survey of clinical psychologists determined that both objective and projective tests were used with high frequency. The two tests clinicians most frequently recommended clinical students learn to administer were projective (the Rorschach and the TAT) and, among the 10 most frequently recommended tests, projective tests were recommended approximately 30% more often than objective tests. Clinicians who were frequent test users recommended both objective and projective tests more often than those not using tests. Clinicians doing substantial teaching and research tended to recommend projective tests less often than clinicians not engaged in those activities. Behavior therapists recommended projective tests less often than eclectic, Freudian, and neo-Freudian therapists.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

[Personality of amateur boxers--results of a psychological test study].

From March 1980 to October 1980 125 amateur-boxers have been investigated neurologically (anamnesis, neurologic status, EEG) and by a test-psychological examination (Benton-Test, Aufmerksamkeits-Belastungs-Test d2, Color Pyramid Test, Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Test, Freiburger Personality Inventory). In the group of these subjects a striking accumulation of personalities with depressive problems and aggressive inhibition which are not perceived by the subjects themselves was found. This observation is understood as pointing to the fact that for these individuals boxing is the (successful) attempt to master their latent conflicts. Only in a few cases we found personalities with manifest neurotic symptoms. Characteristically these individuals suffered from depressive and aggressive conflicts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

The alcohol tests for drunken criminals using psychological tests.

In the alcohol test for drunken criminals, we introduced Bender-Gestalt test and Rorschach test for the assessment, and examined their usefulness for the evaluation of intoxication patterns according to Binder's classification. The subjects were 24 drunken criminals who were examined by Mental Hygiene Group, Tsukuba University, for psychiatric evidences. The subjects were divided into the ordinary intoxication group (OI group) and the complicated intoxication group (CI group) on the basis of the behavioral assessment, and the psychological tests were performed before and after drinking. The following results were obtained. 1) Alcohol intoxication induced decrease in R1T, W and VIII + IX + X/R and increase of BGT scores and P%, which indicates that subjects become unable to make comprehensive and delicate responses to the external stimuli. 2) When we classified subjects into increasing and decreasing type on the pattern of changes in the BGT score from before to immediately after drinking in each subject, we found the ratio of increasing type in complicated intoxication is more than in ordinary intoxication significantly. And we found significant group x drinking interaction in F+% and At% of Rorschach test. The F+% significantly decreased only in CI group. The At% in CI group tended upward, but downward in OI group. These findings indicated that complicated intoxication reduced the subject's reality testing, while not in ordinary intoxication. 3) Comparing the effects of personality and intoxication factors in complicated intoxication, intoxication factors were considered to play primary roles. 4) We found association between high BAL and reduction of ego function and imagination, which is represented as significant peak of BALx drinking interaction in the BGT scores, M and FM + m. These observations suggest that the psychological tests as part of the alcohol tests are useful for the evaluation and research of intoxication.

Adult↗