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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1985

Psychoanalysis, psychoanalysis appropriated, psychoanalysis applied.

The assumptions which predominate in the reading of psychoanalytic theory differ from those involved in listening to the patient in the psychoanalytic process. A weakness of much applied psychoanalysis is that these two sets of assumptions are confused and theoretical certainty is substituted for clinical exploration. This difference in assumptions is illustrated by the different assumptions about the signifier in two poems. In Freud's work on Leonardo, both attitudes toward the signifier are present, but the clinical aspect is located in Freud's method, not in his historical construction. The problems of maintaining a similar clinical stance in applied psychoanalysis are explored, and Freud's tendency toward historical certainty is speculatively considered as an instance of the parallelism phenomenon.

Creativity↗
PubMed1980

Presidential address: medicine, psychiatry, and psychoanalysis--Roots III of progressive psychoanalysis.

In order to preserve and be more specific about the proper domain of psychoanalysis, those of us who are concerned about the psychoanalysis of the future must be increasingly aware of new knowledge in medicine and psychiatry. We must be fully aware of current progress especially when these contributions affect the care and treatment of our patients. I have enumerated several examples where new knowledge is very important in the care of our patients. I believe that the psychoanalysis of the future will be much more flexible, much in the image of The American Academy of Psychoanalysis, and will be aimed toward the correction of the omission of the vast majority of Americans from consideration for psychoanalytic therapy. One of our founding presidents, Franz Alexander, showed us the way decades ago when he insisted upon the importance of flexibility in psychoanalytic therapy and also advocated short term psychoanalytic therapy. I do not need to remind us that Sigmund Freud himself began by analyzing his analysands first for three months and later for six. Indeed, let me close by telling you the delightful story related by Abram Kardiner about how he himself was analyzed by Freud. Kardiner arrived in Vienna and found that Freud had overscheduled himself! Instead of having eight patients, he had invited nine to come to see him. His daughter, Anna Freud, brilliantly (perhaps as a forecast of her subsequent important contributions to psychoanalysis) suggested to her father that he see his analysands only five times a week instead of six. Thus, Abram Kardiner was able to become one of the pioneering psychoanalysts who have contributed much to American psychiatry and psychoanalysis. I hope that all of use will also think in flexible and innovative ways for the improvement of psychoanalysis and for the benefit of our patients in the future.

Freudian Theory↗
PubMed2000

Varieties of long-term outcome among patients in psychoanalysis and long-term psychotherapy. A review of findings in the Stockholm Outcome of Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy Project (STOPP).

This paper reports the main findings of a large-scale study of subsidized psychoanalysis and long-term psychotherapy. More than 400 people in various phases, before, during and after subsidized psychoanalysis or long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy, were followed up for a period of three years with personal interviews, questionnaires and official statistics. Our analyses revealed progressive improvement the longer patients were in treatment--impressively strong among patients in psychoanalysis--on self-rating measures of symptom distress and morale. Improvement, however, was equally weak in both groups on a self-rating measure of social relations. Dosage factors (treatment duration and session frequency in combination) partly accounted for the outcome differences between those referred to psychoanalysis and those referred to long-term psychotherapy. Attitudes and ideals among therapists and analysts concerning the goals and means of psychotherapy were also associated with patient outcome, although in rather complex ways. A significant part of the outcome differences between patients in psychoanalysis and in psychotherapy could be explained by the adoption, in a large group of therapists, of orthodox psychoanalytic attitudes that seemed to be counterproductive in the practice of psychotherapy but not in psychoanalysis. It is suggested that this effect may be a negative transfer of the psychoanalytic stance into psychotherapeutic practice and that this may be especially pronounced when the attitudes are not backed up by psychoanalytic training.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Psychoanalysis as a "non"-political science. The political consequences of the "world view" debate before 1933 for the behavior of some official representatives of German and international psychoanalysis at the time of the "Third Reich"].

The executive committee of the DPG (German Psychoanalytical Society) was "Aryanized" in 1933, and the integration of the DPG into the German Institute for Psychological Research and Psychotherapy took place in 1936, leading to a gradual adjustment of psychoanalysis at the organizational and ideological level to the dominant political conditions of National Socialism. Events between those years are seen here not as more or less chance moments but as the inevitable result of a strategy based on a "non"-political understanding of psychoanalysis and the desire to guarantee the survival of institutionalized psychoanalysis at the cost of individuals, dissenting political opinions, and even some of the essentials of psychoanalysis itself.

Germany↗
PubMed2000

Individual psychodynamic psychotherapy and psychoanalysis for schizophrenia and severe mental illness.

BACKGROUND: People with schizophrenia and severe mental illness may need much support from health care professionals, in most cases over a long period of time. Research on the effects of psychotherapy for schizophrenia shows mixed results. Although pharmacological interventions remain the treatment of choice for schizophrenia patients, it is also of interest to look at the effects of treatment methods focusing on psychosocial factors affecting schizophrenia. OBJECTIVES: To review the effects of individual psychodynamic psychotherapy and/or psychoanalysis for people with schizophrenia or severe mental illness. SEARCH STRATEGY: Electronic searches of Biological Abstracts (1985-1999), CINAHL (1982-1999), The Cochrane Library CENTRAL (Issue 1, 1999), The Cochrane Schizophrenia Group's Register (1999), Dissertation Abstracts On disc (1866-1999), EMBASE (1980-1999), MEDLINE (1966-1999), PsycLIT (1974-1999), and Sociofile (1974-1998) were made. Authors of included trials were contacted for information on further trials. SELECTION CRITERIA: All randomised trials of individual psychodynamic psychotherapy or psychoanalysis for people with schizophrenia or severe mental illness (however defined) were selected. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data were independently extracted by at least two reviewers. For dichotomous data relative risks (RR) were calculated and for continuous data weighted mean differences (WMD) between groups were calculated. MAIN RESULTS: No trials of a psychoanalytic approach were identified. Data are sparse for all comparisons involving a psychodynamic approach. There is no evidence of any positive effect of psychodynamic therapy and the possibility of adverse effects seems never to have been considered. The psychodynamic approach may be more acceptable to people than a more cognitive reality-adaptive therapy. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Current data do not support the use of psychodynamic psychotherapy techniques for hospitalised people with schizophrenia. If psychoanalytic therapy is being used for people with schizophrenia there is an urgent need for trials.

Humans↗
PubMed1981

[Psychoanalysis is dying, psychoanalysis is dead, long live the RCMP!].

In this article the author is interested by psychoanalysis as a theoretical practice. He makes the connection between psychoanalysis and marxism, and shows us that Freud was not as far removed from marxism as some people think. His reflexions and experiences bring him to strongly criticize psychiatry which, in his view, is a repressive practice contributing to the murder of psychoanalysis as a practice which questions the truth of the subject.

English Abstract↗
PubMed1989

[Once again: is psychoanalysis a science? Fundamentalism and coherentism as "scientific theories of psychoanalysis"].

In accordance with Freud's own conception of a theory of the unconscious, philosophy of science has discussed psychoanalysis mainly in terms of classical empiricism and foundationism. Thus the discussion was focused on the question if the "clinical data", which had to carry the burden of epistemic justification, were "reliable" or rather an artifact of the analyst's suggestions and expectations.--Recent arguments against foundationism have supported the development of a coherentist epistemology. In this paper it is argued that coherentism might allow a more adequate discussion of the theoretical status of psychoanalysis than did classical foundationism. This is shown by a consideration of the conditions of truth, meaning, and justification of psychoanalytical statements.

Freudian Theory↗
PubMed1990

Developmental psychology and psychoanalysis: I. The context for a revolution in psychoanalysis.

After describing the manner in which the integration of psychoanalysis and developmental psychology became a central problem for ego psychology, the author examines the conditions that make it possible for new research and theory in developmental psychology to contribute to a revolution in contemporary psychoanalytic theory. They include: (1) the emergence of a state of "crisis" in American psychoanalysis centering on questions of the nature of early development and how it can be known; (2) the explosive growth of developmental research on early childhood dealing with issues at the heart of that crisis; and (3) the presence of a new generation of psychoanalysts and psychoanalytically oriented researchers capable of bringing that research to bear on those issues.

Ego↗
PubMed1993

[Historical research in psychoanalysis. On the method of historical research in psychoanalysis. Reflections of a psychoanalyst].

Psychoanalysis, aside from being a therapeutic science, is a historical science: it is concerned not only with man himself, but also with his biography, the products of his intellect and of his hands. As historical research, it has adopted research methods proper to history: documents are collected and supplemented with biographical data, connections are woven together and processes are established. But it does not stop at this point: it seeks to understand, through the study of documentary material, the workings of the mind, beyond direct observation. Documents are treated as "signs" and "manifestations" of this world of representations, of fantasies and forces that constitute the ultimate matrix of subjective individual events and historical events. The research method is, at this level, the same that is used to decipher the unconscious world and dream messages: the recounted, experienced, or certified events are considered to be dreams or fragments of dreams, effects of condensation, moving, schisms, and fragmentations carried out by the thought process.

Historiography↗
PubMed1993

[Organization of psychoanalytic institutions: psychoanalysis can't function without, psychoanalysis can't function with it? Or indeed?].

Recently there has been much heated debate on the question of the effects of the institutionalisation of psychoanalysis on analysis itself and the significance and consequences of the decision of psychoanalysts to organise themselves in professional organisations. The author identifies two errors analysts are prone to make when dealing with institutions/organisations. One is to confuse psychodynamics with the dynamics of institutions, the other to look upon an organised professional grouping as a species of family to which one can turn for assistance and encouragement. To rectify this misunderstanding, the author calls for a strict distinction between two very different levels of reality. "Non-trivial machines" such as psychoanalytic institutes, characterised by a high degree of complexity, obey a logic of their own which cannot be grasped in psychodynamic terms or in analogy to family relations. Buchinger sees it as essential to learn to think and act in terms of structures as opposed to persons and relations. Such a learning process can only be successful if specifically psychoanalytic self-reflection is complemented by an appropriate form of organisational self-reflection.

Humans↗
PubMed2001

Is psychoanalysis a cheerless (Freud-less) profession? Toward a psychoanalysis of joy.

Joy can be understood as a basic form of resonance. Psychodynamically, joy is complementary to the feeling of anxiety. Whereas anxiety reflects psychic distress in connection with problems of structuring, joy is the expression of successful (re)structuring. It is the feeling of self-discovery, of a new beginning, and of self-renewal. In stark contrast, there are numerous empirically supported indications that there is little evidence of feelings of joy in the psychoanalytic literature. Why is this the case? Pursuing his analysis of this apparent but unspoken taboo against joy in professional analytic writing, the author outlines a psychoanalysis of joy in the hope that it will encourage analysts to be more aware and expressly affirmative of joy as it occurs in their work.

Anxiety↗