Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “PSEUDOMONAS INFECTIONS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Pulmonary nocardial infection and pseudomonas infection of the tongue in a patient with dermatomyositis.

Opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients are common. We report the case of a 63 year old female patient with dermatomyositis who while on oral steroids developed nocardial infection of the lung and pseudomonas infection of the tongue simultaneously. Nocardial infections are not very commonly seen in patients with dermatomyositis. Pseudomonas infection of the tongue is a rarity. We report this case for its rarity as regards the type and site of infections and review the relevant literature.

Dermatomyositis↗
PubMed1979

Experimental Pseudomonas infection in mice: effect of single cyclophosphamide administration on Pseudomonas infection.

The kinetic effect of cyclophosphamide (CY) was investigated using the immune response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC), activation of the mononuclear macrophage system and altered susceptibity to pseudomonas infection. The level of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) was enhanced with suppressed antibody formation, when antigenic stimulation was given about 3 days after CY administration. In contrast, antibody formation increased markedly when challenged with antigen about 10 days after CY administration. Activity of macrophage system as measured by rate of carbon clearance and spreading of peritoneal macrophage was decreased within 6 days after CY, therefore increased to a peak at the 13th day of CY administration. CY increased a susceptibility to pseudomonas infection at the early time of its administration such as the 3rd day, whereas more increased resistance was observed at the later time such as the 13th day. These results indicated that B-lymphocyte depletion included by administration of sublethal dose of CY (200mg/kg) was followed by vigorous hyperplasia of B-lymphocyte.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Therapeutic possibilities in Pseudomonas infections.

Acute pseudomonas infections require treatment with antibiotics producing a bactericidal effect. The most useful are gentamicin, tobramycin, sisomicin and polymyxin B. In resistant strains, amikacin is indicated in addition. Carbenicillin, ticarcillin, carfenicillin or azocillin should never be given alone but in combination with some of the above preparations. Other drugs, such as chloramphenicol, tetracycline or streptomycin, though effective in vitro, should be avoided. Chemotherapy may be complemented by passive immunization either with hyperimmune specific gama globulin or hyperimmune plasma. A programmatic item of combined treatment is active immunization, especially with toxoid vaccine. Chronic processes are not, perhaps with the exception of urinary infections, suitable for antibiotic therapy. For this reason effective polyvalent vaccines should be developed from appropriate strains. It is now certain that in infections caused by mucous strains (most frequently encountered in cystic fibrosis) the vaccine should be prepared from these strains, since they have distinct functional and antigenic characteristics.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Experimental studies on the pathogenesis of infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa: direct evidence for toxin production during Pseudomonas infection of burned skin tissues.

Direct evidence is presented for the production of an exotoxin by Pseudomonas aeruginosa multiplying at the burned site in an infected mouse. Pseudomonas toxin was assayed by measurement of its ability to catalyze the transfer of radioactivity from [14C]adenine-labeled nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide to elongation factor 2 (adenosine diphosphate ribosylation activity). This enzyme activity was found in saline extracts of burned infected skin but was not present in similar extracts of burned uninfected skin. It was detected in the serum of infected animals by 26 hr after infection. The level of active elongation factor 2 in the livers of infected mice was reduced significantly after infection. These data suggest that pseudomonas exotoxin, produced by bacteria multiplying at the burn site, enters the circulation and is disseminated to different organs where it acts by depletion of elongation factor 2 and thus causes a reduction in protein synthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Site-directed mutagenesis of Glu-141 and His-223 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase: catalytic activity, processing, and protective activity of the elastase against Pseudomonas infection.

Both Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase and Bacillus thermoproteolyticus thermolysin are zinc metalloproteases. On the basis of the high homology of the P. aeruginosa elastase with the Bacillus thermolysin, we hypothesized that Glu-141 and His-223 are the key residues for catalytic activity of the Pseudomonas elastase. To test this possibility, we replaced Glu-141 with Asp, Gln, and Gly and His-223 with Gly, Glu, and Leu by site-directed mutagenesis. These substitutions dramatically diminished the proteolytic activities of the mutant elastases when they were expressed in Escherichia coli cells. Although these mutant elastase precursors (proelastases) were produced, no appreciable processing was observed with these mutants. The possibility that autocatalysis is involved in both the processing and activation of elastase is discussed. Furthermore, by immunizing mice with vaccines made from these mutant elastase, we were able to obtain good protection against an intraperitoneal P. aeruginosa challenge.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Inhalational antibiotic therapy in patients with cystic fibrosis and Pseudomonas infection].

Treating chronic Pseudomonas infection of the bronchial tree is a very important part of the treatment strategy in patients with cystic fibrosis. There are only a few antibiotics which are effective against pseudomonas. Many of them soon lead to bacterial resistance (e.g. fluoro-quinolones). Inhaling antibiotics produces high sputum concentrations and low systemic toxicity. Tolerance is good and resistance rare. Several clinical studies, some of them doubleblind placebo controlled, have shown a positive effect of inhaled antibiotics on symptoms, on frequency of necessary i.v. therapies and also on pulmonary function. Most commonly aminoglycosides (tobramycin) and colistin, which is not yet registered in Switzerland, are used. The main indication is chronic therapy of Pseudomonas infection.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1995

A peculiar case of necrotizing sclerokeratitis with Pseudomonas infection.

A 71-year old woman complains of painless inflammation, discharge and decreased vision at the right eye since two weeks. Eight years before she was operated at this eye for a nasally located pterygium and received adjuvant radiotherapy. On examination a necrotizing scleritis was seen which rapidly involved the cornea and was infected by Pseudomonas. Despite intensive antibiotherapy the sclerokeratitis extended further and eventually lead to enucleation. Surgically induced scleritis-especially after pterygium surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy-and complicating Pseudomonas infection are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Mechanism of protective effect of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rG-CSF) on Pseudomonas infection.

Decrease in resistance to systemic Pseudomonas infection in cyclophosphamide (CPA)-induced neutropenic mice was prevented by injections of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rG-CSF). In order to explore mechanism of the prevention of CPA-induced decrease in the anti-infectious resistance by rG-CSF, CPA-treated and then rG-CSF-injected mice were inoculated i.p. with P. aeruginosa, and growth of the infecting bacteria and infiltration of leukocytes in the peritoneal cavity were determined. In the mice who had received 4 daily s.c. injections of rG-CSF from the day after CPA-injection, a large number of neutrophils were mobilized into the peritoneal cavity in response to the bacterial inoculation and growth of the infecting Pseudomonas in the cavity was markedly inhibited, whereas in CPA-induced neutropenic mice few neutrophils were mobilized and the infecting bacteria proliferated vigorously in the peritoneal cavity. These results suggest that administration of rG-CSF prevents CPA-induced neutropenia and neutrophils circulating at normal level in the number are normally mobilized into the peritoneal cavity in response to Pseudomonas inoculation, and that the mobilized neutrophils inhibit proliferation of the infecting Pseudomonas.

Animals↗
PubMed1970

Treatment of severe pseudomonas infections of the bronchi.

Experience in treating 81 patients with severe bronchial infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa is described. For those who were desperately ill high doses of intravenous carbenicillin (18g. or more daily) were successful, even when initial carbenicillin resistance was present. For those who were less desperately ill lower doses of carbenicillin together with high doses of gentamicin (given both intramuscularly and by aerosol) comprised the treatment of choice. Gentamicin alone or colistin gave little or no benefit and cannot be recommended.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1978

Experimental Pseudomonas infection in mice: acquired resistance against Pseudomonas septicemia and altered susceptibility in BCG infected mice.

Pseudomonas septicemia in mice caused the early death in the first three days of infection without any localized lesions. Localized lesions such as abscess are observed in the kidney and liver after the third day of infection. The early death increased in the BCG infected mice showing an increased level of macrophage activation. It seemed that such early death is due to endotoxin produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, the BCG infected mice showing an enhanced antibody formation were more resistant to pseudomonas septicemia. Immune serum protected such death, but immune spleen cells did not. Furthermore immune serum also protected the increased death in BCG infected mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

The role of the laboratory in the planned use of cefoperazone for the treatment of difficult Pseudomonas infections.

Four cases are discussed illustrating the role of the laboratory in the treatment of difficult pseudomonas infections. Pseudomonas vertebral osteomyelitis, in a 76-year-old man with impaired renal function, was successfully treated with cefoperazone given for 7 weeks. A 73-year-old woman, who had recurrent pseudomonas septicaemia due to infected cardiac pacing wires (that could not be removed), was managed with long term daily intramuscular cefoperazone, and a 31-year-old woman with pseudomonas aortitis was treated with long term intravenous cefoperazone. A 47-year-old man, who developed a pseudomonas infection superimposed on chronic osteomyelitis of the femur prior to a free vascularised graft operation, was treated with cefoperazone and ticarcillin.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Elective versus symptomatic antibiotic treatment in cystic fibrosis patients with chronic Pseudomonas infection of the lungs.

BACKGROUND: A previous retrospective study suggested that a policy of regular anti-pseudomonal antibiotic treatment improved pulmonary function and increased survival in patients with cystic fibrosis chronically infected with Pseudomonas species. The results of a prospective multicentre study to compare the effects on pulmonary function and mortality of three monthly elective anti-pseudomonal antibiotic treatment with conventional symptomatic treatment are reported. METHODS: Sixty patients with cystic fibrosis, chronically infected with P aeruginosa, were randomised to the two treatment arms (elective or symptomatic) and followed clinically at yearly reviews. The major end points were changes in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)) and forced vital capacity (FVC). Survival was a secondary end point. RESULTS: Patients in the symptomatic group received a mean of three antibiotic treatments each year and those in the elective group received four antibiotic treatments during each year of the study. No significant differences in FEV(1) and FVC were found between the two groups after three years. There was a statistically non-significant higher rate of deaths in the elective group (n = 4), three of which were associated with B cepacia infection, compared with the symptomatic group (n = 0). CONCLUSIONS: This study did not demonstrate an advantage of a policy of elective antibiotic treatment over symptomatic treatment in patients with cystic fibrosis chronically infected with Pseudomonas species.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Pseudomonas infections in patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex.

We identified and reviewed retrospectively all the cases of infection by Pseudomonas and related genera in patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex (ARC) who were hospitalized at our Institution over a 36-month period. We recorded 48 episodes of infection in 34 of 355 patients with AIDS, and in two of 73 patients with ARC: 25 pneumonias (9 community-acquired and 16 of nosocomial origin). 20 urinary tract infections, two soft tissue infections and one sepsis. In 14 of 16 patients with nosocomial pneumonia but in only one of nine patients with community-acquired pneumonia did we find coexisting opportunistic lung diseases. The following micro-organisms were isolated: P. aeruginosa in 41 cases, P. fluorescens in three cases, Xanthomonas maltophilia (P. maltophilia) in two cases, P. putida in one case. Comamonas testosteronis (P. testosteronis) and Comamonas acidovorans (P. acidovorans) in one case. Amikacin and ceftazidime, alone or in combination, appear to be the optimal choice of therapy for severe Pseudomonas infections in HIV-infected patients, although in our study six of 47 isolates were resistant in vitro to amikacin, and nine of 31 isolates were resistant to ceftazidime.

AIDS-Related Complex↗