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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Highly complex chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow of a patient with metastatic prostate neoplasm.

Prostate cancer is the single most common malignancy among men in North America. Nevertheless, cytogenetic evaluation of bone marrow in patients with metastatic prostate neoplasm has been rare and, to date, only five such patients have been reported. We report an additional case where chromosomal abnormalities of a bizarre nature were found in the bone marrow. Though cytogenetic findings in prostate cancer are heterogeneously complex, the chromosome regions involved include 1p, 1q, 7q, 8p, 10q, 12p, and 17q and are considered hot spots. What is the significance of these so-called hot spots in metastasis of prostatic cancer to the bone marrow? At present, no meaningful conclusion can be drawn, as data are limited, but accumulation of such cases may provide valuable information concerning the role of chromosomal abnormalities in patients--specifically with metastatic stage--and may help urologists during therapeutic decision making, particularly if a genetic marker for aggressiveness can be determined.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Research trends in the treatment of prostatic neoplasms.

Prostatic carcinoma, in the male population ranks first as incidence and second as cause of oncologic mortality. In the last decades, significantly better clinical results were achieved both in diagnosis and therapy. The latter covers a broad range of possibilities, including standard surgery, nerve-sparing surgery, combined surgery and hormonotherapy, cryosurgery, external beam radiotherapy, brachytherapy, conformal radiotherapy, combined hormone and radiation therapy, as well as conventional hormonotherapy. However, there is still much controversy on the role of the screening, the most appropriate staging modalities, the most adequate treatment in the various presentations of the disease. The present trends of the clinical research in this field are directed towards the identification of factors involved in the onset of this neoplasm and the possibility of decreasing its incidence with programs of chemoprevention, the identification of new biological markers able to assess the biological potential of the disease, the comparison between the main treatment modalities of localized carcinoma (surgery, brachytherapy, external beam radiotherapy) and the definition of parameters predictive of the response to the various treatments to better personalize the therapy of the single patient, the development of treatments based on genetic therapy and of effective systemic therapies able to control the hormone-resistant advanced disease and to clarify the impact of the different therapies on the quality of life and health care costs.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

[Punch and suction biopsy in the diagnosis of prostatic neoplasms].

133 prostate punch biopsies were examined in histologic way and 90 aspiration biopsies in cytologic way. The histologic and cytologic results of the altogether 116 patients are discussed in connection with the differently tentative findings of rectal palpation. Prostate punch and aspiration biopsies can be used as completion methods in cancer prophylaxis examination. The all-metal needle after Deutschmann (Zittau/GDR) repeatedly to be used for punch biopsy has proved its worth.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2000

[Color Doppler and ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy in the diagnosis of prostatic neoplasm].

The diagnosis of prostate neoplasm is still limited today by the variable power of prediction of the three main surveys used: prostate-specific antigen (PSA), digito rectal exploration (DRE) and ultrasound transrectal (TRUS). The study aimed to estimate the benefits and the diagnostic impact of the color Doppler ultrasonography on the diagnosis of prostate neoplasm through biopsies targeted on areas with abnormal flow. With this purpose, 222 biopsies performed on 71 patients between 1997 and 1999 were considered, which led to a diagnosis of neoplasm in 36 patients. Of the 84 biopsies that revealed prostate adenocarcinoma, 74 (64.3%) were correlated to hypoechoic lesions with abnormal flow signals while 41 (35.6%) showed a benign pathology (prostatitis or benign prostatic hyperplasia) (p < 0.0011). In five patients (13%) who did not present any evident lesions at a first transrectal ultrasound, the diagnosis of neoplasm was made only through biopsies targeted on areas with abnormal flow. Therefore, the color Doppler exam can be used during prostate ultrasonography either to consolidate the diagnosis or to give a useful target in case of isoechoic lesions.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

[Improved diagnostic evaluation of prostatic neoplasms using radioimmunoassay for prostatic acid phosphatase].

Better diagnosis of prostatic cancer by RIA of serum prostatic acid phosphatase? The results of serum determination of RIA prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and enzymatic serum phosphatase were compared in 267 patients with the clinical diagnosis to reveal the diagnostic value of the RIA-PAP in prostatic carcinomata. In 33 of the investigated patients (12.4%) we found elevated values of the PAP over the normal range of 0--5 ng/ml. In these 33 patients with pathologic PAP-values those with adenomata and in adenomata intracapsulated prostatic cancers had normal serum values measured enzymatically. There was no correlation between PAP-RIA results and the stage of the prostatic carcinoma. In nearly 20% we found better information by RIA-PAP than enzymatic laboratory tests, but combined with a digital investigation.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1996

[High-grade intraepithelial prostatic neoplasms: diagnosis and association with prostate cancer].

Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) fulfils the majority of requirements for a premalignant change in the human prostate. Forty-eight patients were diagnosed to have high grade PIN on prostatic needle biopsy. During a follow-up period, 23 (47.9%) were found to have adenocarcinoma on subsequent biopsies. We compared the patients age, the digital examination, the transrectal ultrasound appearance (TRUS) and the serum PSA level between those in whom cancer was detected subsequently and those with PIN alone. There was a statistically significant difference in the transrectal ultrasound appearance (TRUS) and the serum PSA level between the two groups (p < 0.001, p < 0.016 respectively). In conclusion, patients with high grade PIN, elevated serum PSA with hypoechoic zone on TRUS should be rebiopsied 3 months after the initial diagnosis. If the results are negative, close follow-up is mandatory.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

[Ultrasonic diagnosis, staging and follow-up of prostatic neoplasms].

120 patients with clinical suspected prostatic neoplasm were evaluate by transrectal linear sonography. 26 normal glands, 57 hypertrophic adenomas and 37 adenocarcinomas were recognized. We had 17 false positive cases for adenocarcinoma in hypertrophic adenomas. We had no false negatives. All diagnosis were confirmed bioptically, by CT or surgically. The findings of 37 adenocarcinomas are examined. The US criteria for early diagnosis (T1-T2), advantages and limits of transrectal linear probe in staging and follow-up, are discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2000

High frequency of clonal chromosome abnormalities in prostatic neoplasms sampled by prostatectomy or ultrasound-guided needle biopsy.

Cancer of the prostate remains poorly characterized cytogenetically. This is due in part to methodological problems and in part to the paucity of radical prostatectomies, until now the main source of material for cytogenetic analyses. We have improved existing techniques for the culturing of prostatic neoplasms removed by radical prostatectomy or sampled by ultrasound-guided needle biopsy. Successful short-term cultures were obtained from all 10 prostatectomy samples and from all 10 ultrasound-guided needle biopsies, always with a pure epithelial morphology. Of the 19 cases yielding a sufficient number of high-quality metaphases for chromosome banding analysis, the single atypical epithelial hyperplasia had a normal karyotype, whereas both prostatic intraepithelial neoplasias and 12 of 16 (75%) invasive carcinomas were shown to have clonal abnormalities. Ten of the 12 (83%) karyotypically abnormal invasive carcinomas presented structural chromosomal rearrangements. A recurrent deletion, del(10)(p13), was seen in three tumors; in one of them the terminal nature of the deletion was confirmed by two-color FISH. A del(17)(p11) was seen in one PIN lesion, but since the analysis of exons 4-8 of the TP53 tumor suppressor gene revealed no mutations, there probably was no inactivation of the second TP53 allele. Our study thus leads to the following main conclusions. First, better culturing methods allow the detection of abnormal karyotypes in a much higher percentage of prostatic neoplasms than has hitherto been possible. Second, ultrasound-guided needle biopsies of prostatic neoplasms are a sufficient source of material for cytogenetic analysis. Third, a terminal deletion of the short arm of chromosome 10, del(10)(p13), seems to identify a subgroup of prostatic cancer.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed2001

[Evaluation of methods of detection for prostate neoplasm].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the significance of serum prostate specific antigen (PSA), digital rectal examination (DRE), transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as guide to perform prostate needle biopsy. METHODS: One hundred forty-eight patients suspicious of prostate neoplasm were undergone transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate needle biopsy. The pathologic diagnosis was analyzed in association with the results of PSA, DRE, TRUS and MRI in various combinations. RESULTS: The positive rate of biopsy was 43.9%. While abnormal DRE or PSA contributed in the detection of prostate cancer, serum PSA became more reliable when combined with DRE, TRUS or MRI, but the contribution of each of the three diagnostic procedures was not significantly different. The sensitivity of MRI was higher than that of DRE or TRUS, whereas TRUS was more specific than PSA or MRI. CONCLUSION: RE and PSA can be used for preliminary screening of prostate cancer. When combined with TRUS and MRI, the positive rate of diagnosis is increased. So is the specificity of the diagnosis which helps avoid unnecessary needle biopsy.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Androgen receptor versus erbB-1 and erbB-2 expression in human prostate neoplasms.

A subject of current interest, especially in the development of androgen refractory prostate cancer, is the androgen receptor (AR) activation by growth factor receptors. Here, we report our work on the measurement of AR mRNA and protein expression in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatic carcinoma (PCA) and evaluation of the relationship between AR, erbB-1 and erbB-2 gene expression determined in the same tissue. In order to define AR, erbB-1 and erbB-2 in human prostate neoplasms 36 benign prostatic hyperplasia, 46 prostatic carcinoma and 12 normal prostate gland samples were analysed. According to distant metastasis PCA tissues were divided into two categories: i) T1-4N0-3M0 (25 samples) and ii) T4N2-3M1 (21 samples). AR, erbB-1 and erbB-2 mRNA expression was estimated by RT-PCR. AR protein expression, both in nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions, was measured by Western blot technique. The association of AR mRNA and protein expression with erbB-1 and erbB-2 gene expression was evaluated. It was found that in clinically invasive (group II of PCA) prostate cancer cases AR mRNA expression was significantly correlated with erbB-2 mRNA expression (Spearman R coefficient 0.86, p<0.05). Interestingly, AR protein expression in this group of PCA was determined mainly in nuclear fraction. By Western blot AR protein was identified in 76.0% (16/21) and 23.8% (5/21) of PCA group II nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions, respectively. Furthermore, the mean AR protein level in nuclear fraction of clinically invasive (group II) PCA (0.82+/-0.04) was significantly higher (p<0.05) as compared to the normal group (0.56+/-0.11). In the case of T4N2-3M1 samples, significant correlation between AR protein level in nuclear fraction and erbB-2 mRNA expression (Spearman R coefficient 0.53, p<0.05) was stated.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[The endobronchial metastases of a prostatic neoplasm with normal radiology].

Prostatic cancer is the most frequent neoplasm in man, usually it is revealed in the course of study of unknown origin bone metastasis. Pulmonary involvement is normally detected through clinical symptoms or an chest X-ray altered showing intraparenchymatous nodules or a carcinomatous lymphangitis pattern. We present a case of a patient with prostatic cancer and bone metastasis in whom during the extension study we detected endobronchial metastasis. Endobronchial involvement is exceptional in prostatic cancer; through bibliographical review we have only found 12 similar cases published.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

Zinc and cadmium analysis in human prostate neoplasms.

The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that prostatic cancer is associated with the changes of zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) concentration. Normal prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and prostatic carcinoma (PCA) were analyzed for Zn and Cd by atomic absorption spectrometry. Cd level was measured using a graphite furnace and Zn level was measured by flame mode. Metal content was assessed in whole tissues and in nuclear, plasma membrane, and cytosolic fractions. An increase of Zn content in BPH, but a decrease in PCA as compared to normal tissue, was observed. Cd concentration appeared to be higher in BPH and PCA than in normal tissue. No correlation between Zn and Cd level was found in BPH specimens obtained from the same patients. Probability values of p < or = 0.05 were considered to indicate significant differences. Obtained results seem to support the hypothesis of Cd carcinogenicity and preventing function of Zn in prostatic cancer. Plasma membrane fraction corresponding to lysosomal, mitochondrial, and microsomal subcellular compartments are probably critical in Zn and Cd participation in human prostate neoplasms.

Cadmium↗
PubMed2000

[Treatment of metastatic bone pain with repeated doses of strontium-89 in patients with prostate neoplasm].

This study has aimed to evaluate the usefulness of repeated treatment with 89Sr in patients with prostate neoplasm and metastatic bone pain. Seventeen patients with partial or complete response after the first dose were retreated with two or more doses (total of 39 doses). The Karnofsky functional status, pain and degree of analgesia were assessed. After the first dose the response was good in 68% of the patients and partial in 32%. After the second dose, the response was good in 62% of the patients, partial in 15% and there was no response in 23% of the cases. The pre-treatment Karnofsky functional status and duration of the effect of 89Sr was lower after the second dose (p = 0.03, p = 0.02), but there were no statistically significant differences in the type of response. In conclusion, re-treatment with 89Sr can be administered safely and with a similar response to that achieved after the first dose.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Expression of ghrelin and biological activity of specific receptors for ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin in human prostate neoplasms and related cell lines.

BACKGROUND: Ghrelin, a natural growth hormone secretagogue (GHS), has been identified in prostate carcinoma cell lines. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the presence of ghrelin and its receptors in human prostate tumours and in DU-145, PC-3 and LNCaP prostate carcinoma cell lines, and to assess the effects of ghrelin and its more abundant circulating form, des-octanoyl ghrelin, on cell proliferation. METHODS: Ghrelin and types 1a and 1b GHS receptor (GHS-R) were determined at the mRNA and protein levels by RT-PCR, in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry and enzyme immunoassay in tissues, cell lines and culture medium. Ghrelin binding was determined by radioreceptor assay. The effects on cell proliferation were evaluated by growth curves. RESULTS: Ghrelin mRNA was found in prostatic carcinomas and benign hyperplasias, but immunohistochemistry was negative. GHS-R1a and 1b mRNAs were absent from carcinomas, but GHS-R1b mRNA was present in 50% of hyperplasias. Ghrelin peptide and mRNA were present in PC-3 cells exclusively, whereas GHS-R1a and 1b mRNAs were expressed in DU-145 cells only. Specific [125I]Tyr4-ghrelin binding was detected in prostate tumour, DU-145 and PC-3 cell membranes and the binding was displaced by ghrelin, synthetic GHS and des-octanoyl ghrelin, which is devoid of GHS-R1a binding affinity and GH-releasing activity. Ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin inhibited DU-145 cell proliferation, displayed a biphasic effect in PC-3 cells and were ineffective in LNCaP cells. CONCLUSIONS: Specific GHS binding sites, other than GHS-R1a and 1b, are present in human prostatic neoplasms. Ghrelin, in addition to des-acyl ghrelin, exerts different effects on cell proliferation in prostate carcinoma cell lines.

Androgens↗