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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Pediococcus, including Pediococcus claussenii sp. nov., a novel lactic acid bacterium isolated from beer.

Pediococci are found in foods and on plants and as beer-spoilage agents. The goal of the present study was to use the DNA sequences of the first three variable regions of the 165 rRNA gene, the 16S-23S rRNA internally transcribed spacer region sequence and approximately a third of the 60 kDa heat-shock protein gene to elucidate phylogenetic groupings within the genus Pediococcus. Phylogenetic trees were created with sequence data from 31 Pediococcus and three Lactobacillus isolates. Complete 16S rRNA gene sequences from selected Pediococcus isolates were also examined. The results were interpreted in relation to the currently accepted Pediococcus species. We found that, where previously done, speciation of many Pediococcus isolates is inaccurate. Also, one grouping of seven isolates did not include any currently recognized Pediococcus species type isolate. Our phylogenetic analyses support the conclusion that these seven isolates, all of brewing spoilage origin, belong to a novel species, for which the name Pediococcus claussenii sp. nov. is proposed (type strain P06(T0 = ATCC BAA-344(T) = DSM 14800(T)). Phylogenetic analysis has therefore helped to resolve problems surrounding species identification of Pediococcus isolates.

Base Composition↗
PubMed2003

Autolytic activity and pediocin-induced lysis in Pediococcus acidilactici and Pediococcus pentosaceus strains.

AIMS: To evaluate the autolytic phenotype of Pediococcus acidilactici and P. pentosaceus, the peptidoglycan hydrolases content and the effect of pediocin AcH/PA-1 and autolysins on cell lysis. METHODS AND RESULTS: The autolytic phenotype of Pediococcus strains was evaluated under starvation conditions in potassium phosphate buffer. The strains tested showed an extent of autolysis ranging between 40 and 90% after 48 h of starvation at 37 degrees C. Peptidoglycan hydrolase content was evaluated by renaturing sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) using cells of Micrococcus lysodeikticus as a target for the enzymatic activity and a major activity band migrating at about 116 kDa was detected. Additional secondary lytic bands migrating in a range of molecular weight between 45 and 110 kDa were also detected. The lytic activity, evaluated in the presence of different chemicals, was retained in 15 mM CaCl2 and in a range of pH between 5 and 9.5 but was strongly reduced in presence of 8% NaCl and in the presence of protease inhibitors. The substrate specificity of peptidoglycan hydrolases of Pediococcus strains was evaluated in renaturing SDS-PAGE incorporating cells of different bacterial species. Lytic activity was detected against cells of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, Lactobacillus helveticus and Listeria monocytogenes. The interaction between pediocin AcH/PA-1 and autolysis was evaluated and a relevant effect of bacteriocin in cell-induced lysis was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The autolytic phenotype is widely distributed among P. acidilactici and P. pentosaceus and the rate of autolysis is high in the majority of the analysed strains. Several autolytic bands, detected by renaturing SDS-PAGE, retained their activity against several lactic acid bacteria and L. monocytogenes. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The characterization of the autolytic phenotype of Pediococcus acidilactici and P. pentosaceus strains should expand the knowledge of their role in fermentation processes where these species occur as primary or secondary bacterial population.

Bacteriocins↗
PubMed1993

Production and characterization of antibacterial compounds produced by Pediococcus damnosus and Pediococcus pentosaceus.

The broad-spectrum antibacterial activity exhibited by three Pediococcus strains isolated from beer was preliminarily characterized. Factors affecting the production rate of bacterial inhibitors were screened and the effects of simultaneous cultivation of Lactococcus and Pediococcus on the production of inhibitory substances were studied. The antibacterial activity against a range of Gram-negative test organisms was not affected by catalase or proteolytic enzymes and was extremely thermotolerant. Production of the inhibitors was maximal between pH 6 and pH 7. A growth medium containing unhopped end-fermented wort was beneficial for the production of inhibitors, particularly by the Pediococcus damnosus strain, and anaerobic growth conditions were preferable. The antagonistic activity against the Gram-negative test organism Salmonella infantis could be demonstrated after an incubation period of only 2 d if the Pediococcus and Lactococcus strains were incubated simultaneously as a mixed population.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1991

The effect of Pediococcus damnosus and Pediococcus pentosaceus on the growth of pathogens in minced meat.

The antibacterial effects of one strain of Pediococcus damnosus and two strains of Pediococcus pentosacaeus against Clostridium perfringens, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella infantis and Yersinia enterocolitica were investigated. Growth inhibition studies were conducted in juice from minced meat incubated at +6 degrees C and +15 degrees C for various periods after the inoculation with pediococci. Inhibitory effects were seen for all bacteria tested.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Plasmid DNA in Strains of Pediococcus cerevisiae and Pediococcus pentosaceus.

Five parental strains of Pediococcus were examined for plasmid content. Each strain contained three to six resident plasmids, ranging in size from 4.5 to 39.5 megadaltons. A bacteriocin-like substance produced by Pediococcus cerevisiae FBB63 was tentatively linked to a 10.5-megadalton plasmid after being cured with novobiocin.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1976

Resistance of Pediococcus cerevisiae to amethopterin as a consequence of changes in enzymatic activity and cell permeability. I. Dihydrofolate reductase, thymidylate synthetase and formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase in amethopterin-resistant and -sensitive strains of Pediococcus cerevisiae.

Pediococcus cerevisiae/AMr, resistant to amethopterin, possesses a higher dihydrofolate reductase (5, 6, 7, 8-tetrahydrofolate: NADP+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.5.1.3) activity than the parent, a folate-permeable and thus amethopterin-susceptible strain and than the wild-type. The properties of dihydrofolate reductase from the three strains have been compared. Temperature, pH optima, heat stability, as well amethopterin binding did not reveal significant differences between the enzymes from the susceptible and resistant strains. The enzyme from the wild-type was 10 times more sensitive to inhibition by amethopterin and more susceptible to heat denaturation. The apparent Km values for dihydrofolate in enzymes from the three strains were in the range of 4.8--7.2 muM and for NADPH 6.5--8.0 muM. The amethopterin-resistant strain exhibited cross-resistance to trimethoprim and was about 40-fold more resistant to the latter than the sensitive parent and the wild-type. The resistance to trimethoprim appears to be a direct result of the increased dihydrofolate reductase activity. Inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase activity by this drug was similar in the three strains. 10--20 nmol caused 50% inhibition of 0.02 enzyme unit. Trimethoprim was about 10 000 times less effective inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase than amethopterin. The cell extract of the AMr strain possessed a folate reductase activity three times higher than that of the sensitive strain. The activities of other folate-related enzymes like thymidylate synthetase and 10-formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (formate: tetrahydrofolate ligase (ADP-forming), EC 6.3.4.3) were similar in the three strains studied.

Drug Resistance, Microbial↗
PubMed1993

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Pediococcus spp. and genetic basis of macrolide resistance in Pediococcus acidilactici HM3020.

We determined the MICs of 28 antimicrobial agents against 36 clinical strains of Pediococcus spp. (25 P. acidilactici, 9 P. pentosaceus, and 2 P. urinaeequi strains). Penicillin G, imipenem, gentamicin, netilmicin, erythromycin, clindamycin, rifampin, chloramphenicol, daptomycin, and ramoplanin were the most active. All strains of P. acidilactici were susceptible to novobiocin, whereas all isolates of P. pentosaceus were resistant. Novobiocin could therefore be helpful for differentiation of these two closely related species. P. acidilactici HM3020 was inducibly resistant to macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B-type (MLS) antibiotics. Resistance was due to a determinant homologous to ermAM and carried by a nontransferable 46-kb plasmid, pVM20. This plasmid was structurally distinct from two enterococcal MLS resistance plasmids, pIP819 and pAM beta 1. The 34 strains of P. acidilactici and P. pentosaceus were resistant to tetracycline, and total DNA of these strains did not hybridize to probes specific for tetK, tetL, tetM, and tetO.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2006

Pediococcus ethanolidurans sp. nov., isolated from the walls of a distilled-spirit-fermenting cellar.

Two novel Pediococcus strains, Z-9(T) and Z-17, were isolated from a distilled-spirit-fermenting cellar in Hebei Province, China. The cells were Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile cocci and occurred in pairs or tetrads. The strains were facultatively anaerobic and produced only lactic acid [d(-) and l(+) isomers in the ratio 50 : 50] from glucose fermentation. Catalase activity was not present. Both strains were able to grow in 6.5 % ethanol and at pH 3.5, but not in 4 % NaCl. The mean genomic G+C content of the two strains was 39.5+/-0.5 mol% (39 mol% for the type strain, Z-9(T)). The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the two novel strains and related species of the genus Pediococcus ranged from 98.3 to 98.7 %. The levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain Z-9(T) and the phylogenetically closely related pediococci Pediococcus damnosus LMG 11484(T), Pediococcus inopinatus LMG 11409(T), Pediococcus parvulus LMG 11486(T) and Pediococcus cellicola LMG 22956(T) were 14.6, 33, 28.7 and 16.8 %, respectively. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic analyses, a novel species, Pediococcus ethanolidurans sp. nov., is proposed, with strain Z-9(T) (=AS 1.3889(T)=LMG 23354(T)) as the type strain.

Alcoholic Beverages↗
PubMed2005

Pediococcus cellicola sp. nov., a novel lactic acid coccus isolated from a distilled-spirit-fermenting cellar.

Two novel Pediococcus strains, Z-1 and Z-8(T), were isolated from a distilled-spirit-fermenting cellar in Hebei Province, China. The cells were Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile cocci, occurring in pairs or tetrads. The strains were facultatively anaerobic and produced 50 % (-)-D-/50% (+)-L-lactic acid exclusively from glucose fermentation, but did not produce catalase. Both strains fermented rhamnose, ribose, xylose, lactose, maltose, trehalose and sucrose, and tolerated 10% ethanol. The mean G+C content of the two strains was 38+/-1 mol% (37 mol% for the type strain, Z-8(T)). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain Z-8(T) clustered within the Pediococcus damnosus-Pediococcus inopinatus-Pediococcus parvulus group, with 98.3-98.5% 16S rRNA gene similarity. DNA-DNA relatedness between strain Z-8(T) and P. damnosus LMG 11484(T), P. inopinatus LMG 11409(T) and P. parvulus LMG 11486(T) was 19+/-4, 35+/-5 and 31+/-5%, respectively. Therefore, based on the distinctive phenotypic characteristics, and genotypic and phylogenetic analyses, a novel Pediococcus species, Pediococcus cellicola sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is Z-8(T) (=AS 1.3787(T)=LMG 22956(T)).

China↗
PubMed1990

The phylogeny of Aerococcus and Pediococcus as determined by 16S rRNA sequence analysis: description of Tetragenococcus gen. nov.

The phylogenetic interrelationships of the genera Pediococcus and Aerococcus were investigated using reverse transcriptase sequencing of 16S rRNA. The genus Pediococcus was found to be phylogenetically heterogeneous. The four species P. acidilactici, P. damnosus, P. parvulus and P. pentosaceus formed a phylogenetically distinct group. Within this pediococcal cluster, P. acidilactici was closely related to P. pentosaceus whereas P. damnosus showed a specific relationship with P. parvulus. The species P. dextrinicus, although showing significant sequence relatedness with these pediococcal species, was peripheral to the genus. Pediococcus halophilus exhibited low sequence homology with all of the species examined and formed a distinct line of descent. Pediococcus halophilus exhibited a closer affinity with enterococci and carnobacteria than with the other lactic acid bacteria. Pediococcus urinae-equi was phylogenetically very closely related to Aerococcus viridans. The 16S rRNA sequences of the type strains of these species differed by only two nucleotides (99.9% sequence homology) and clearly demonstrate that P. urinae-equi is a member of the genus Aerococcus.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2006

Pediococcus stilesii sp. nov., isolated from maize grains.

A Gram-positive, coccus-shaped, lactic acid bacterium, strain LMG 23082T, was isolated from steeped maize grains. The organism is homofermentative and produces D- and L-lactic acid from glucose. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the organism belongs to the genus Pediococcus, with Pediococcus pentosaceus and Pediococcus acidilactici as nearest neighbours. Genotypic fingerprinting, whole-cell protein electrophoresis, DNA-DNA hybridizations and physiological and biochemical tests allowed differentiation of strain LMG 23082T from other established Pediococcus species. A remarkable feature was that, unlike other pediococci, this bacterium was capable of growth at pH 9.0. The strain studied represents a novel species for which the name Pediococcus stilesii sp. nov. is proposed with the type strain LMG 23082T (=BFE 1652T=FAIR-E 180T=CCUG 51290T), the only currently known isolate of the species.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed2003

Thermal inactivation of Pediococcus sp. in simulated apple cider during high-temperature short-time pasteurization.

Prompted by concerns regarding outbreaks of food-borne illness which have occurred due to the consumption of commercial, nonpasteurized fruit juices contaminated with Escherichia coli O157:H7, the US Food and Drug Administration and Canadian Food Inspection Agency are considering several new safety standards to apply to fresh juices, including mandatory pasteurization of all apple cider. In support of these initiatives, a study was conducted to evaluate the pasteurization of simulated cider using a heat-resistant nonpathogenic test bacterium, Pediococcus sp. NRRL B-2354. Thermal inactivation of the Pediococcus sp. was determined using a pilot scale high-temperature short-time (HTST) pasteurizer with a plate heat exchanger. The cumulative lethal effect, or pasteurization effect (PE), was obtained by converting times at different temperatures in the various sections of the pasteurizer to the equivalent time at the reference temperature (72 degrees C). PE was then related by a simple linear function to the log(10) of the percentage of viable counts with a power transformation of the PE values to improve linear fit. r(2) values for the four Pediococcus sp. trials varied from 0.921 to 0.981. Intertrial variation was incorporated into the model using @RISK simulation software. Output from simulations confirmed that treatment at 71 degrees C for 16 s can ensure a 5-log reduction of Pediococcus sp.

Beverages↗
PubMed1997

Pediocin PD-1, a bactericidal antimicrobial peptide from Pediococcus damnosus NCFB 1832.

Pediocin PD-1, produced by Pediococcus damnosus NCFB 1832, is inhibitory to several food spoilage bacteria and food-borne pathogens. However, pediocin PD-1 is not active against other Pediococcus spp. and differs in this respect to other pediocins produced by Pediococcus acidilactici and Pediococcus pentosaceus. Production of pediocin PD-1 starts during early growth and reaches-a plateau at the end of exponential growth. Pediocin PD-1 was partially purified and its size was determined by tricine-SDS-PAGE as approximately 3.5 kDa. The isoelectric point (pI) of pediocin PD-1 is approximately 3.5, as determined with the Rotofor electrofocusing cell (BioRad). Pediocin PD-1 is heat-resistant (10 min at 121 degrees C) and remains active after 30 min of incubation at pH 2-10. Pediocin PD-1 is resistant to treatment with pepsin, papain, alpha-chemotrypsin and trypsin, but not Proteinase K. Pediocin PD-1 is bactericidal against sensitive cells of Oenococcus oeni (previously Leuconostoc oenos).

Bacteriocins↗
PubMed2003

Identification of Carnobacterium, Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc and Pediococcus by rDNA-based techniques.

Ribosomal DNA-based techniques including the analysis of profiles generated by ISR amplification, ISR restriction and ARDRA have been evaluated as molecular tools for identifying Carnobacterium, Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc and Pediococcus. They have been applied for the molecular characterization of 91 strains with the following identities: eight Carnobacterium including the eight type species of the genus; 61 Lactobacillus including 40 type strains out of 45 species, 13 Leuconostoc, out of them 11 are type strains and three are subspecies of Lc. mesenteroides; and nine strains representing the six species of genus Pediococcus. The genetic relationship displayed between these species by rrn-based profiles is sustained by their phylogenetic relationships and can therefore be considered useful for taxonomic purposes. Profiles obtained by ISR amplification allowed identification at genus level of Carnobacterium and Leuconostoc, and even at species level in genus Carnobacterium. Genera Lactobacillus and Pediococcus could not be distinguished from each other by applying this technique. The Lactobacillus species analysed here (45) were differentiated using ARDRA-DdeI and ISR-DdeI profiles, sequentially, and Pediococcus species by ISR-DdeI profiles. It was necessary to combine profiles generated by restriction of ISR-DdeI, ARDRA-DdeI and ARDRA-HaeIII in order to complete the identification of Leuconostoc species.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed2001

Riboprinting and 16S rRNA gene sequencing for identification of brewery Pediococcus isolates.

A total of 46 brewery and 15 ATCC Pediococcus isolates were ribotyped using a Qualicon RiboPrinter. Of these, 41 isolates were identified as Pediococcus damnosus using EcoRI digestion. Three ATCC reference strains had patterns similar to each other and matched 17 of the brewery isolates. Six other brewing isolates were similar to ATCC 25249. The other 18 P. damnosus brewery isolates had unique patterns. Of the remaining brewing isolates, one was identified as P. parvulus, two were identified as P. acidilactici, and two were identified as unique Pediococcus species. The use of alternate restriction endonucleases indicated that PstI and PvuII could further differentiate some strains having identical EcoRI profiles. An acid-resistant P. damnosus isolate could be distinguished from non-acid-resistant varieties of the same species using PstI instead of EcoRI. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis was compared to riboprinting for identifying pediococci. The complete 16S rRNA gene was PCR amplified and sequenced from seven brewery isolates and three ATCC references with distinctive riboprint patterns. The 16S rRNA gene sequences from six different brewery P. damnosus isolates were homologous with a high degree of similarity to the GenBank reference strain but were identical to each other and one ATCC strain with the exception of 1 bp in one strain. A slime-producing, beer spoilage isolate had 16S rRNA gene sequence homology to the P. acidilactici reference strain, in agreement with the riboprint data. Although 16S rRNA gene sequencing correctly identified the genus and species of the test Pediococcus isolates, riboprinting proved to be a better method for subspecies differentiation.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1975

Microbial inhibition by an isolate of pediococcus from cucumber brines.

We reported earlier that Pediococcus cerevisiae FBB-61 inhibited Lactobacillus plantarum FBB-67 in mixed species inoculation used for the fermentation of brined cucumbers. Herein, 16 isolates of the Pediococcus genus from various sources were tested for inhibitory activity against L. plantarum and other microorganisms by a seeded-agar screening technique. Only two of the 16 isolates gave consistent and distinctive zones of inhibition, and both were isolated from fermenting cucumber brines on separate occasions. These two isolates did not inhibit each other but did inhibit the other 14 Pediococcus isolates in addition to L. plantarum. They also inhibited several other gram-positive bacteria, but not four species each of gram-negative bacteria and yeasts tested. Inoculation of cucumber juice broth with P. cerevisiae FBB-61 and L. plantarum WSO resulted in a drastic reduction in the plate count of L. plantarum WSO during day 1, but counts increased rapidly thereafter. Consequently, acid production by L. plantarum WSO was delayed. Noninhibitory isolates of Pediococcus had no appreciable effect on growth and acid production by L. plantarum WSO.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1964

SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF AN OLEATE-REQUIRING, HEMOLYTIC PEDIOCOCCUS.

Deibel, R. H. (St. James Hospital, Chicago Heights, Ill.), J. H. Silliker, and P. T. Fagan. Some characteristics of an oleate-requiring, hemolytic Pediococcus. J. Bacteriol. 88:1078-1083. 1964.-A gram-positive, catalase-negative, tetradforming coccus, isolated from a bronchial aspirate, is described. The organism was classified as a member of the genus Pediococcus on the basis of morphological and physiological characteristics. It differed from previously described members of this genus in that it evidenced a requirement for oleic acid, even in complex culture media. This isolate produced hemolysis on blood-agar formulated with certain specimens of human blood and not with others. It was demonstrated that hemolysis required oleate supplementation and that the level of this fatty acid required for hemolysis is greater than that necessary for growth of the organism. A cell-free hemolysin could not be demonstrated in the culture supernatant fluid of oleate-grown cultures. The organism was isolated from a patient suffering from tuberculosis; however, attempts to isolate similar organisms from other tuberculous patients as well as from routine throat and sputum specimens were negative. No pathogenicity was manifested when laboratory animals were inoculated with the hemolytic Pediococcus.

Catalase↗