Experimental amyloidosis. Studies of the influence of syngenic parabiosis and attempts at transferring experimental amyloidosis via parabiosis.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Amyloid↗
SEARCH · Search PubMed
Results for “PARABIOSIS”
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Stem cell in peripheral blood: a study by parabiosis of irradiated and non-irradiated animals. I. New approach to parabiosis as a method for hematologic study.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Animals↗
[Correlation of transplantation tolerance and chimerism induced by allogeneic parabiosis in adult rats].
OBJECTIVE: To induce transplantation tolerance by allogeneic parabiosis in adult rats to explore the relation between chimeras and tolerance. METHODS: Cyclophosphamide (CP, 100 mg/kg) was intraperitonially administered before and after parabiosis to observe the survival days of parabiotic rats. Grafting skin for each other after separation of parabiosed rats pairs on day 5, 15 and 45 respectively to observe the survival time of skin graft survival. In the same time the percentage of cells of donor origin in the spleen and thymus of recipient rats were determined by FACS. Mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and delayed type hypersensivity (DTH) at day 15 of parabiosis were tested. RESULTS: Survival days of parabiotic rats were significantly prolonged (P = 0.000 5, MST = 63.5 days). After 15 day of parabiosis, the stable skin transplantation tolerance was established. During the first 15 day of parabiosis, the level of chimerism was increased with time, afterwards the chimerism became relatively stable. DTH and MLR of parabiotic rats on day 15 were donor-specifically suppressed. CONCLUSION: Parabiosis can induce specific transplantation tolerance in both parabiotic DA and LEW rats. There is a positive correlation of chimerism and transplantation tolerance.
Animals↗
The effects of parabiosis on serum and kidney glycosidase activities in spontaneously diabetic mice.
Spontaneously diabetic non-obese mice of the ICR strain were newly inbred in Shionogi laboratory, Japan. Animals became diabetic suddenly, more frequently and severely in females. Blood glucose levels were 452 +/- 73 mg/100 ml with serum insulin levels of less than 1.0 microU/ml in the fed state. Parabiosis with normal control ICR mice for 2 weeks decreased the blood glucose level to 260 +/- 51 mg/100 ml (P less than 0.01) and resulted in serum insulin levels of 46.0 +/- 18.0 microU/ml (P less than 0.01). Kidney homogenate beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase and beta-galactosidase activities were reduced in diabetic mice (42% and 44% decreases respectively) (P less than 0.025 and P less than 0.001), and restored almost to normal after 2 weeks of parabiosis. Renal alpha-mannosidase activity was decreased 43% (P less than 0.001) in the diabetic mice but unaffected by parabiosis. Serum beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, beta-galactosidase and alpha-glucosidase activities were significantly increased in diabetic mice (179%; 233% and 58% increase respectively) (P less than 0.005, P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.001), and returned to normal with parabiosis.
Animals↗
The use of parabiosis for investigating the mechanism of transplantation tolerance in bone marrow chimeras induced by total lymphoid irradiation.
The mechanism of transplantation tolerance in total lymphoid irradiation (TLI)-induced semiallogeneic bone marrow chimeras without clinical evidence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was investigated using the technique of surgical parabiosis. When held in parabiosis with normal BALB/c mice, BALB/c---- (BALB/c x C57BL/6)F1 (BALB----F1) chimeras survived 7-9 days, significantly (P less than 0.001) shorter than the 12-19 day survival of normal F1 hybrids kept in parabiosis with normal BALB, and in contrast to indefinite (greater than 200 days) survival of syngeneic BALB parabiotic partners. When C57 skin grafts were placed on BALB mice held in parabiosis with BALB----F1 chimeras, C57 skin grafts survived 50-60 days, in contrast to 10-14 days in normal BALB recipients (P less than 0.001). Lethal GVHD, induced in sublethally irradiated F1 recipients by 10(7) BALB spleen cells, could not be delayed or prevented by cotransfer of 10(7) to 30 x 10(7) tolerant BALB spleen cells obtained from stable BALB----F1 chimeras. GVHD reactivity of BALB spleen cells isolated from BALB----F1 chimeras tolerant of C57 could not be recovered by depletion of Lyt2 cytotoxic suppressor cells. Taken together, in the absence of suppressive capacity by suppressor cells, these data support functional clonal deletion as the primary mechanism responsible for the maintenance of unresponsiveness to host alloantigens in TLI-induced semiallogeneic chimeras, since no protection against induction of GVHD could be documented in vivo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
IMMUNE MECHANISMS IN PARABIOSIS INTOXICATION.
When A strain mice are placed in parabiotic union with (A x C57Bl/1)F(1) hybrid partners, the parental strain partners are polycythemic and the hybrids anemic from the 5th through the 16th parabiosis days. All hybrids develop clinical intoxication between the 7th and the 12th days, and no pairs survive to 1 month. Long-term survival of parabiotic pairs can be achieved if lethally irradiated or specifically tolerant parental strain mice are united to hybrid partners. Production of tolerance by either of these methods results in elimination of anemia-polycythemia by the 12th parabiosis day and prevents intoxication in the hybrid partners. Preimmunization of the parental strain partners against the C57Bl/1 component of the hybrid leads to a considerable intensification of day 5 anemia-polycythemia. Intoxication develops in the hybrid partners between the 4th and the 6th days after union. It is concluded that anemia is primarily responsible for the syndrome of clinical intoxication. Early anemia-polycythemia on day 5 does not depend upon an immunological mechanism, but the late anemia-polycythemia appearing between days 12 and 16 is a function of the ability of the parental strain mouse to react immunologically against its hybrid partner. When neonatally thymectomized A strain mice are joined to hybrid partners, anemia-polycythemia is sustained through the 16th day and the hybrid partners develop clinical intoxication. On the other hand, when both partners are neonatally thymectomized, late anemia-polycythemia is considerably reduced, and the hybrid partners apparently do not develop clinical intoxication. It is concluded that normal hybrid mice are capable of reconstituting the immunological capacity of their thymectomized partners, whereas thymectomized hybrid mice do not have this restorative capacity. These findings are discussed in terms of their possible application to the problem of the induction of immunological tolerance in adult mice by the parabiosis procedure.
Allergy and Immunology↗
The effect of parabiosis on life-span of rats stressed by radiation.
The life-spans of four series of NEDH rats were compared: (1) single control rats, (2) single rats irradiated with 1000 R, (3) control parabiont rats, (4) parabiont rats one of which had received 1000 R. The stress of radiation (1000 R) produced a median life shortening of 571 days in single rats. Parabiosis followed by irradiation (1000 R) of a member of the pair shortened life 132 days. Parabiosis alone produced a median life shortening of 62 days. Ninety percent of the older irradiated parabiont pairs died with one or more tumors present. Parabiosis largely protected animals from the gastrointestinal radiation syndrome.
Animals↗
Transfer of paraphenylenediamine delayed-type hypersensitivity: a comparative investigation in the guinea pig, using arteriovenous cross-transfusion and parabiosis.
Arteriovenous cross-transfusion and parabiosis were used to study transfer of paraphenylenediamine (PPDA) hypersensitivity in guinea pigs. Nine out of 10 transfusion experiments were successful, resulting in definite positive test reactions in the recipient animals, and the remaining experiment was evaluated as possibly positive. Six out of 10 parabiosis experiments were successful, a further 2 were negative and the remaining 2 were evaluated as possibly positive. The mean test reactions in the recipients were stronger in the transfusion experiments than in the parabiosis experiments (0.001 less than P less than 0.01 for 0.5% PPDA). In control experiments, where the "donors" were nonsensitized guinea pigs negative test reactions were obtained. It was concluded that the transfusion technique was the most reliable of the 2 methods, when studying transfer of PPDA hypersensitivity.
Animals↗
The transfer of tolerance to DNCB-contact sensitivity in guinea pigs by parabiosis.
Normal guinea pigs parabiosed for 10 days with guinea pigs tolerant to DNCB-contact sensitivity became completely and permanently unresponsive when sensitized after parabiosis lasting 10 days and partially tolerant when sensitized after parabiosis lasting 2 days. On the other hand, tolerant parabionts became hypersensitive when parabiosed with normal partners which had been sensitized on the day of the operation or before the parabiosis was effected. From these results it is concluded that tolerance to DNCB-contact sensitivity in guinea pigs is a positive phenomenon affecting the afferent branch of the immune response.
Animals↗
[Histological findings in parabiosis with crossed digestive tubes].
Microscopic examination of organs from outbred and inbred rats used in 5 groups for experiments in parabiosis with and without crossing of the digestive tubes and pseudoparabiosis showed that skin junctions soon became dehiscent, with boundary furrows tendings to separate the animals, in outbred rats, whereas continuity was not lost throughout the experiment in inbred rats, whereas continuity was not lost throughout the experiment in inbred animals. Juncture with abundant connective tissue rich in small-cell infiltrates was noted in intestinal anastomoses between outbreds, followed by dehiscence or incomplte junction. In inbred animals, junctions persisted till death; these were usually less abud nant than in anastomoses after section in the same animal. Serious steatoticonecrotic liver and amyloidotic kidney alterations were noted in all animals in parabiosis and pseudoparabiosis. These were more marker in inbred animals and appeared to have been responsible for death in cases where dehiscence and peritonitis did not take place. These histopathological pictures - also noted in inbred rats in pseudoparabiosis (i. e. kept together by nylon nets only) - make it impossible to say whether crossing of the digestive tubes is per se a cause of lesions. The experimentation of another parabiosis technique is proposed.
Animals↗
[Cessation of ovarian cycles in a young mouse while in parabiosis with an older one].
Female mice 3 and 22-24 months of age were jointed in heterochronic parabiosis. That led to permanent estrus in young mice and maintenance of intact anestrus in old mice. After 8-9 weeks of parabiosis there appeared morphological signs of accelerated ageing in the ovaries of young animals, while no changes in the ovaries of old mice were observed. Serum progesterone of young partners decreased to the levels of old animals and estradiol levels remained unchanged, while prolactin content in adenohypophysis was the same as in young single animals but exceeded the level noted in young mice in parabiosis with young partners. Hormone content in old parabionts remained unchanged, as compared to the control. An old organism is thought to be the source of unidentified factors suppressing the ovarian function in young animals.
Aging↗
On the nature of parabiosis intoxication: shock as the precipitating cause.
Spinal transection of one of a parabiotic pair of rats is immediately followed by a state indistinguishable in visual and hematologic characteristics from spontaneous "parabiosis intoxication." The transected rat develops erythremia, hyperhemoglobinemia, and an increased hematocrit count; whereas the twin concurrently shows anemia characterized by a decrease in hemoglobin, erythrocyte count, and hematocrit reading, and often also lipemia. These findings are ascribed to whole blood transfusion of one rat by the other followed by adjustments compensatory to the resulting distortion in the respective blood volumes. It is suggested that parabiosis intoxication is a manifestation of this same process and is not due, as has been contended, to an immune response.
Anemia↗
Parabiosis suggests a humoral factor is involved in X-linked hypophosphatemia in mice.
Reduced renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate of unknown etiology is characteristic of X-linked hypophosphatemia in both humans and mice. To test whether a humoral abnormality is involved in the renal effect, parabiosis was performed between Hyp and normal mice at 4 weeks of age. The normal mice joined to Hyp mice showed a progressive diminution of plasma phosphate over the next 3 weeks to approach the level of the Hyp mice. These normal mice had a greater renal phosphate excretion index (urine P/plasma P/urine creatinine) than normal-normal pairs, thus suggesting a reduced renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate. At the same time the expected rises in plasma calcium and plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D did not occur. There was a significant reduction in their femoral mineral content but not in their femoral length or body growth relative to normal-normal pairs. This change in renal handling of phosphate was specific since the urinary losses of potassium and magnesium were not significantly changed. Separation of normal-Hyp pairs 3 or 6 weeks after parabiosis caused the normal mice to achieve normal plasma phosphate levels within 24 h. At 48 h and 7 days after separation these normal mice had plasma phosphate levels higher than normal mice separated from normal-normal pairs. In summary, the data suggest the presence of a phosphaturic factor in the Hyp mice that can cross a parabiotic union into normal mice and induce many of the symptoms of X-linked hypophosphatemia.
Animals↗
Suppression and reversal of gld disease by parabiosis with normal mice.
The disruption of the Fas receptor or Fas ligand by the lpr or gld mutations, respectively, results in severe autoimmune and lymphoproliferative disease due to the failure of Fas-mediated deletion of self-reactive lymphocytes. Recently, we have shown in mixed chimeras that gld-induced autoimmunity could be corrected by normal bone marrow, in particular by normal T cells. In contrast, lpr-mediated autoimmunity could not be influenced by normal bone marrow-derived cells. In the present report, we have studied the role of normal lymphocytes in suppressing or reversing gld-induced autoimmunity by parabiosis with normal mice. Our results show a suppression of lymphadenopathy, fewer CD4-CD8- T cells, and lower levels of autoantibody production in gld mice parabiosed with normal mice at 4-6 weeks of age. The gld mice parabiosed with normal mice at 4 months of age also exhibited a substantial reduction of both total and CD4-CD8- T cells in the periphery 2 months after surgery. However, they showed little reduction of autoantibodies compared to gld mice parabiosed with gld mice. In contrast, older lpr mice did not exhibit any reduction in lymphadenopathy or autoantibody production after parabiosis with normal mice. The prevention or reversal of lymphadenopathy in parabiosed gld mice suggests that ongoing Fas-mediated deletion in the periphery may play an important role in maintaining self-tolerance. The relative irreversibility of autoantibody synthesis in older parabiosed gld mice suggests that autoantibody-producing B cells or their committed precursors are long lived and do not express functional Fas receptor.
Age Factors↗
Genetic analysis of developmental mechanics in hydra. XI. Mechanism of sex reversal by heterosexual parabiosis.
Sex change from female to male occurs at a high rate in hydra when a female polyp is exposed to a male polyp by parabiosis for a limited length of time. The mechanism of this masculinization process was investigated. When a male strain which produces immotile sperm was used to masculinize female strains, the resultant masculinized animals produced only immotile sperm. Evidence was also obtained which indicated that the original female interstitial cells remained in large numbers in the masculinized animals but did not differentiate into gametic cells. These observations suggest that masculinization is achieved not by the hypothetical "masculinizing factor" but by the migration of the male interstitial cells from the male to the female tissue during parabiosis.
Animals↗
Osteopetrosis cured by temporary parabiosis.
The excessive accumulations of spongiosa in the long bones of congenitally osteopetrotic mice permanently disappeared after a brief parabiotic union to normal littermates. Most of the bone removal was accomplished long after interruption of parabiosis. It is proposed that, during parabiosis, progenitors of competent osteolytic cells were recruited from the blood of the normal mouse.
Animals↗
Hemopoietic recovery in bone marrow of lethally irradiated rats following parabiosis. I. Granulopoiesis.
Aplasia was induced in rats by total body irradiation. Three days later, the animal was conjugated by aortic anastomoses with a healthy untreated litter-mate. 6 h after parabiosis, the bone marrow of irradiated animals contained some granulocytes showing RNA synthesis. At 18 h, many myelocytes and promyelocytes were present but no myeloblast was encountered. These myeloid precursor cells showed active DNA synthesis but no mitoses, and no erythroblasts were observed at this time period. At 24 h, mitoses of myeloblasts were found. At 42--60 h, erythropoiesis was evident. Chromosome analysis and investigations of cells of irradiated parabionts conjugated with partners having labeled cells, revealed that these newly formed myeloid and erythroid cells originated from the untreated parabiont. The mechanism of triggering myelopoiesis in the aplastic bone marrow by parabiosis is discussed.
Animals↗
Relationship of age at parabiosis and time of embryonic death on extent of mixing of embryonic blood.
Two studies were conducted to determine the extent of blood chimerism from parabionts joined at different ages and the mortality pattern after joining. Complete mixing of blood was found in 100% of the pairs joined at 13 days, 80% at 15 days, and 25% at 17 days of incubation. Therefore, interfusing of blood components could only be assured when the embryos were joined no later than 13 days of incubation. Mortality after parabiosis occurred in three peaks. The first and largest peak (16.4% mortality) occurred at 12 hr after parabiosis with substantial mortality through 36 hr. The second peak (4.6% mortality) occurred between 108 and 120 hr after joining of the eggs. The third and final peak (5.6% mortality) occurred between 192 hr and hatch. Surgical trauma, bacterial contamination, and the inability of the embryo to escape the shell once pipped are possible explanations since these events were associated with clusters of embryo deaths. The use of single surviving parabiont as a means of increasing the efficiency of the parabiotic technique is discussed.
Age Factors↗