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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Variations in the molecular forms of prolactin during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy and lactation.

Size heterogeneity of immunoreactive prolactin (PRL) was studied in serum samples obtained from eight normoprolactinemic women during the menstrual cycle and five additional patients at pregnancy and lactation. Gel filtration of sera from women with normal ovarian function tested at day 10-12th of their menstrual cycle showed two predominant PRL forms, approximately 22K and 26K mol wt. In addition two polymeric variants, 50K ("big" PRL) and 100K ("big-big" PRL) were found in less proportion, accounting for approximately 34% of the total PRL immunoreactivity detected in the sera. It was also noted a low mol wt form eluting around the region of 16K mol wt. In pregnant women the major PRL form was the 22K and its proportion showed a gradual increase as progression of gestation. The polymeric PRL forms were found in substantially less amount as gestation progressed. After parturition, in nursing mothers the 22K form remained prominent and in greater concentrations than the 26K monomeric variant. Large and low mol wt PRL forms were constantly detected in sera from women during the lactation period. From these data we confirmed that PRL circulates at various molecular forms and the relative proportion of these molecular variants exhibit changes according to the physiological state. In our study the predominant form was the 22K PRL (nonglycosylated) and it was of interest to discover the presence of a low mol wt PRL which elutes in the 16K area. The significance of this latter finding is not clear at the present.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Preserving ovarian function in the treatment of epithelial and special (other) malignant ovarian tumors].

About 90% of malignant tumors of the ovary in Scandinavia develop from the germinal epithelium. There are great differences in the incidence rates between countries in the Western world and in Africa and Asia. The WHO classification of ovarian malignancies is generally used. The epithelial tumors comprise the serous, mucinous, endometrioid, clear cell, undifferentiated and mixed true carcinomas. In addition, borderline lesions of especially the serous and mucinous types are of interest when the question of preservation of ovarian function comes into notice. Conservative surgery, which means removal of only the afflicted ovary should be restricted to young women of the childbearing age who want to preserve the possibility of becoming pregnant. However, certain prerequisites must be fulfilled. The tumor must be located to one ovary only (Stage Ia) and must be either a borderline lesion or a Grade 1 true carcinoma of either the serous, mucinous or endometrioid type. There must be no ascites and peritoneal washings must be negative for cancer cells. Germ cell tumors are usually found in young women. Only the dysgerminomas are regularly bilateral in 10-15% of the cases. All other germ cell tumors are rarely bilateral. But both in borderline lesions, Grade 1 true carcinomas, and in germ cell tumors, a biopsy of the normal looking contralateral ovary should always be performed. Endodermal sinus tumors and immature teratomas may well be treated conservatively by surgery, but modern triple chemotherapy (VAC, PVB) must be added. Granulosa theca cell tumors are bilateral in only about 5% of the cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Use of the clomiphene test for evaluation of the functional state of the hypothalamus-pituitary gland-ovarian system in ovarian hyperandrogenia].

The authors studied the content of gonadotropins and testosterone in the blood; functional condition of the hypothalamus-hypophysis-ovarian system was characterized in patients with ovarian hyperandrogenia by using the klomiphen test. Testosterone level in all the patients and prolactin level in 70% of the patients proved to exceed the normal values, wheras the LH level could be low, normal or high. With klomiphen test it was shown that both the gonadotropin and estrogen levels rose against the background of action of the preparation; as to testosterone level--it remained unchanged. In induced menstrual cycles estradiol peak preceded the gonadotropin peak. In patients with ovulation testosterone level diminished by the end of the observation period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Plasma prolactin levels and ovarian responsiveness to exogenous gonadotropins.

Standard gonadotropin stimulation tests of ovarian function and basal plasma prolactin measurements have been carried out in 151 patients with amenorrhea or severe oligomenorrhea. In 90 of these a standardized multiple pituitary stimulation test, including the prolactin response to thyrotropin releasing hormone, was also performed. There was a tendency for the basal estrogen excretion and the ovarian response to gonadotropin to be lower in patients with hyperprolactinemia. These correlations were weak and did not reach the levels of statistical significance except when compareing the ovariance response in patients with mild hyperprolactinemia to those with moderate or severe hyperprolactinemia. It is concluded that, in women, elevated plasma prolactin levels have little, if any, direct inhibitory influence on the ovariance response to gonadotropins in vivo.

Female↗
PubMed1989

[Preclinical hypothyroidism and disorders of ovarian function].

For sensitive assessment of thyroid function a TRH stimulation test using 200 micrograms TRH i.v. was routinely performed in 304 women admitted for evaluation and treatment of infertility. In 37 cases (12.2%) the reaction of TSH 30 min after injection of TRH i.v. was enhanced (by definition of a peak TSH level greater than 25 mIU/l), according to mild or subclinical hypothyroidism. Approximately 14 (14/37 = 37.8%) of these patients were found to have slightly elevated serum PRL values (mean PRL greater than 15 ng/ml). Cycle analysis by means of basal body temperature and evaluation of progesterone and oestradiol values, supplied evidence of luteal phase deficiency in 8 and anovulation in 3 cases. Another group of 11 patients with hypothyroidism involved oligo-/amenorrhoea, hirsutism and hyperandrogenaemia. After treatment with 50-150 micrograms l-thyroxine daily for at least 4 to 6 weeks, elevated PRL values significantly decreased (mean level less than 15 ng/ml, p less than 0.01) in 9 out of 12 patients and testosterone levels slightly decreased in 5 out of 8 patients. An improvement of the cyclical ovarian function could be observed by the significant increase of the average progesterone concentration in the luteal phase. During therapy with l-thyroxine, 4 pregnancies occurred. From these results we conclude, that mild hypothyroidism may cause ovarian insufficiency. Assessment of thyroid function should be mandatory in infertile patients with elevated prolactin levels or chronic anovulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Hyperprolactinemic anovulatory syndrome.

The functional status of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis was investigated in 127 women with anovulatory disease. Radioimmunoassayable circulating LH, FSH, and prolactin concentrations were measured. An attempt was made to localize the functional lesion by utilizing the following criteria: 1. Hypothalamic function: a) clomiphene test based upon hormonal parameters; b) recording of the pulsatile LH fluctuation (spiking) and of basal FSH. 2. Pituitary function: determination of the gonadotropin reserve by means of a standardized LRH test. 3. Ovarian function: a) measurement of plasma E2 and progesterone levels by RIA; b) gestagen bleeding test. All patients had amenorrhea of up to 14 years duration. A total of 17 hyperprolactinemic patients (13.4%) was found. Eight of these patients never experienced galatorrhea, in 7 only transient galactorrhea was reported, and in 2 cases galactorrhea persisted. All hyperprolactinemic patients were found to be clomiphene non-responders as well as nonspikers. The pituitary LH reserve varied from practically none to normal. Baseline LH was low whereas that of FSH was normal. In accordance with this observation E2 levels, with two exceptions, were found to be in the lower range of normal female concentrations. Thus, all but two patients exhibited gestagen withdrawal bleeding. In conclusion, the hyperprolactinemic anvoluatory syndrome is not necessarily associated with galactorrhea. In all cases of amenorrhea syndromes with or without galactorrhea, hyperprolactinemia should be excluded as it is very often associated with anovulation. The hyperprolactinemic anovulatory syndrome includes the following features: 1. gestagen withdrawal bleeding. 2. subnormal to normal E2 levels. 3. clomiphene nonresponsiveness. 4. LH-hypogonadotropism. 5. lack of LH secretory episodes. 6. FSH-normogonadotropism.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Measurement of estrone-3-glucuronide and pregnanediol-3 alpha-glucuronide in early morning urine samples to monitor ovarian function.

The determination of the concentration of estrone-3-glucuronide and pregnanediol-3 alpha-glucuronide has been performed by a chemiluminescent immunoassay in early morning urine samples of 14 normal menstruating women and 11 women affected by luteal phase defect. The early morning urine samples were daily collected for an entire menstrual cycle. We have employed a timed and measured volume collection procedure as correction factor. The integrated values of the hormonal data in definite time intervals were used to create a nomogram. By means of this method, it was possible to completely separate normal from luteal insufficiency subjects and to distinguish two different types of luteal phase defects. Moreover, the same approach was applied to the study of the role and the frequency of luteal phase defect in 15 patients affected by habitual abortion and in 17 premenopausal women who had undergone quadrantectomy for T1a No Mo breast cancer. A luteal phase defect was detected in nine of the aborting patients (60%) and in eight women affected by breast cancer (47%). Finally estrone-3-glucuronide was measured in early morning urine samples of 96 prepubertal and pubertal girls in different pubertal stages and in one patient affected by precocious puberty, before and during an agonist GnRH treatment. The urinary test of ovarian function seems to be suitable for diagnostic purposes and for clinical studies.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed1992

[Functional aspects of healing in microsurgical tubal anastomosis--experimental studies of the rabbit fallopian tube].

Ovarian function and fertility was studied in 46 female New Zealand White rabbits after isthmic-isthmic reanastomosis of the oviduct. Postoperative ovarian function was slightly suppressed and returned to normal after two month. No significant differences were found between the control side and the side of anastomosis. Fertility was reduced directly after surgery on the side of anastomosis as well as on the control side. On the side of reanastomosis a continuous increase of tubal function occurred up to two month after surgery. At this time tubal function was reduced to 30%, the nidation index was about 0.6. Tubal function of the untreated oviduct was nearly normal (nidation index 0.8) two weeks after surgery.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Primary ovarian insufficiency in polyendocrinopathy syndrome].

We describe two cases of autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome as a cause of primary ovarian failure. Antibodies against various endocrine organs cause pluriglandular insufficiency, in most cases hypoparathyroidism. Addison's disease, and primary ovarian insufficiency. In these patients, careful examination of all endocrine organs is necessary in order to provide an adequate hormone replacement.

Adult↗