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Results for “Outcomes research”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Family therapy as a treatment for children: a critical review of outcome research.

The value of family therapy as a treatment for child psychopathology is considered by reviewing pertinent outcome research. Fourteen studies that met three criteria are included in the review: (a) a child or adolescent was the identified patient or referral; (b) therapy included at least one parent and the child; and (c) outcome was evaluated in terms of the child's symptoms. There are major shortcomings in most of the available data, with only two well-controlled studies. Some empirical evidence does exist that family therapy is an effective treatment for children; the data from studies of adolescents are especially encouraging. However, insufficient data are available for comparing the relative merits of conjoint family treatment and individual child therapy. If the value of family therapy as a treatment alternative or, ideally, as the "treatment of choice" for a referred individual child is to be established, more and better controlled comparative outcome studies will be necessary. Suggestions for future research are presented emphasizing the need for a developmental perspective by recommending, for example, the use of factorial designs in which the intervenaction of treatment and age can be analyzed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Outcome research on treatment and on the drug abuser: an exploration.

The study of treatment outcome has its own history, and the experience of other service fields in this area may be of considerable interest to researchers concerned with the effectiveness of treatment for drug abusers. Methodological issues that emerged from psychotherapy's efforts at self-evaluation are reviewed and contrasted with work done on treatment outcome in drug programs. An overview is presented of current research on the improvement of drug abusers and on treatment effectiveness.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

Outcome research in therapeutic communities for drug abusers: a critical review 1963-1975.

Twenty-five publications, conference presentations, and unpublished reports on outcome of therapeutic communities for drug abusers are reviewed for the period 1963 to 1975. A wide variety of methodological limitations are noted, including retrospective designs, unclear definition of outcome variables, low follow-up completion rates, lack of descriptive data on either the treatment processes or the patients, inadequate sampling procedures, lack of comparison control groups, and the absence of data to validate self-reports. Some speculations are offered on the reasons for such methodological inadequacies and a model proposed for future studies.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed2025

Building a Digital Health Research Platform to Enable Recruitment, Enrollment, Data Collection, and Follow-Up for a Highly Diverse Longitudinal US Cohort of 1 Million People in the All of Us Research Program: Design and Implementation Study.

BACKGROUND: Longitudinal cohort studies have traditionally relied on clinic-based recruitment models, which limit cohort diversity and the generalizability of research outcomes. Digital research platforms can be used to increase participant access, improve study engagement, streamline data collection, and increase data quality; however, the efficacy and sustainability of digitally enabled studies rely heavily on the design, implementation, and management of the digital platform being used. OBJECTIVE: We sought to design and build a secure, privacy-preserving, validated, participant-centric digital health research platform (DHRP) to recruit and enroll participants, collect multimodal data, and engage participants from diverse backgrounds in the National Institutes of Health's (NIH) All of Us Research Program (AOU). AOU is an ongoing national, multiyear study aimed to build a research cohort of 1 million participants that reflects the diversity of the United States, including minority, health-disparate, and other populations underrepresented in biomedical research (UBR). METHODS: We collaborated with community members, health care provider organizations (HPOs), and NIH leadership to design, build, and validate a secure, feature-rich digital platform to facilitate multisite, hybrid, and remote study participation and multimodal data collection in AOU. Participants were recruited by in-person, print, and online digital campaigns. Participants securely accessed the DHRP via web and mobile apps, either independently or with research staff support. The participant-facing tool facilitated electronic informed consent (eConsent), multisource data collection (eg, surveys, genomic results, wearables, and electronic health records [EHRs]), and ongoing participant engagement. We also built tools for research staff to conduct remote participant support, study workflow management, participant tracking, data analytics, data harmonization, and data management. RESULTS: We built a secure, participant-centric DHRP with engaging functionality used to recruit, engage, and collect data from 705,719 diverse participants throughout the United States. As of April 2024, 87% (n=613,976) of the participants enrolled via the platform were from UBR groups, including racial and ethnic minorities (n=282,429, 46%), rural dwelling individuals (n=49,118, 8%), those over the age of 65 years (n=190,333, 31%), and individuals with low socioeconomic status (n=122,795, 20%). CONCLUSIONS: We built a participant-centric digital platform with tools to enable engagement with individuals from different racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic backgrounds and other UBR groups. This DHRP demonstrated successful use among diverse participants. These findings could be used as best practices for the effective use of digital platforms to build and sustain cohorts of various study designs and increase engagement with diverse populations in health research.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Psychological contributions to chronicity in asthma: patient response styles influencing medical treatment and its outcome.

Research is reviewed relating to two aspects of response styles among asthmatic patients, neither of which is a mere derivative of the patient's medical condition. One aspect, indexed by panic-fear symptomatology, appears to be associated with the level of attention directed at breathing difficulties, ranging from symptom disregard (low panic-fear symptomatology) to symptom vigilance (high panic-fear symptomatology). A second aspect, indexed by a derived personality dimension, appears to be associated with the quality of the patient's reactions to acknowledged breathing difficulties, ranging from extreme independence (low panic-fear personality) to helpless and ineffective dependency (high panic-fear personality). Simply, these aspects of patient response styles refer both to the attention directed toward breathing difficulties and to the quality of the patient's reactions in response to acknowledged breathing difficulties. Their importance derives from 1) their interaction with the severity of asthma to influence medical decisions about the intensity of prescribed medications and length of hospitalization during medical treatment and 2) their effect on long-term medical outcome. Awareness of these two aspects of patient response styles should enable differential approaches to be adopted by physicians seeking to counteract psychological contributions to chronicity in asthma.

Asthma↗
PubMed1979

The bias in psychotherapy research evaluation.

Using a 3 X 3 X 3 factorial design, clinical psychologists' (N = 204) evaluations were obtained of the methodology of a bogus psychotherapy outcome experiment that varied on the outpatient population treated and the results. Three types of neurotic outpatients were treated in the bogus study, and the experiment's results indicated that psychoanalytically oriented therapy was more effective than behavior therapy, behavior therapy was more effective than psychoanalytically oriented therapy, or psychoanalytically oriented therapy and behavior therapy were equally effective. The third independent variable was psychologists' theoretical orientation (psychodynamic, behavioral, or eclectic). A significant Orientation X Results interaction was obtained, and the results suggest that psychodynamic clinicians are biased against outcome research that demonstrates the superiority of behavior therapy.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1979

Family treatment approaches to drug abuse problems: a review.

This review covers the literature that has emerged specifically on the family treatment of drug abuse problems. Following a brief discussion of patterns and structures prevalent in drug-abusing families, 68 different studies or programs (discussed in 74 papers) are compared as to their techniques and results. These are categorized within the following modalities: marital treatment, group treatment for parents, concurrent parent and identified patient treatment, treatment with individual families (both inpatient and outpatient), sibling-oriented treatment, multiple family therapy, and social network therapy. A table presents the various studies, along with the types of results they provide. Outcomes are contrasted for the 14 studies that quantified their results. The final section presents implications for the following areas: treatment activities (clarification of technique, family recruitment, direction and effectiveness of treatment, confidentiality, and treatment delivery systems), training, prevention, and future research (outcome, technique and responsibility). It is concluded that family treatment for drug abuse is gaining widespread acceptance and shows considerable promise for dealing effectively with problems of this type.

Child↗
PubMed2025

A decentralized future for the open-science databases.

The continuous and reliable open access to curated biological data repositories is indispensable for accelerating rigorous scientific inquiry and fostering reproducible research outcomes. However, the current paradigm, which relies heavily on centralized infrastructure for the storage and distribution of foundational biomedical datasets, inherently introduces significant vulnerabilities. This centralized model is susceptible to single points of failure, including cyberattacks, technical malfunctions, natural disasters, and even political or funding uncertainties. Such disruptions can lead to widespread data unavailability, data loss, integrity compromises, and substantial delays in critical research, ultimately impeding scientific progress. The downstream effect of such interruptions can be the widespread paralysis of diverse research activities, including computational, clinical, molecular, and climate studies. This scenario vividly illustrates the inherent dangers of consolidating essential scientific resources within a single geopolitical or institutional locus. As data generation is accelerating and the global landscape continues to fluctuate, the sustainability of centralized models must be critically re-evaluated. A shift toward federated and decentralized architectures may offer a robust and forward-looking approach to enhancing the resilience of scientific data infrastructures by reducing exposure to governance instability, infrastructural fragility, and funding volatility, while also promoting equity and global accessibility. Inspired by established models such as ELIXIR's federated infrastructure and the policy and funding frameworks developed by CODATA and the Global Biodata Coalition (GBC), emerging Decentralized Science (DeSci) initiatives can contribute to building more resilient, fair, and incentive-aligned data ecosystems. The future of open science depends on integrating these complementary approaches to establish a globally distributed, economically sustainable, and institutionally robust infrastructure that safeguards scientific data as a public good, further ensuring continued accessibility, interoperability, and preservation for generations to come. Here, we examine the structural limitations of centralized repositories, evaluate federated and decentralized models, and propose a hybrid framework for resilient, fair, and sustainable scientific data stewardship.

data accessibility↗
PubMed1979

Clinical considerations in the prescription of group, brief, long-term, and couples psychotherapy.

Differential clinical considerations for treatment prescription as an aspect of outpatient evaluation for psychotherapy is presented in overview. The indications and contraindications presented for each of the treatment modalities of group therapy, brief therapy, long-term therapy and couples therapy are based on psychotherapy evaluation, selection criteria and outcome research to date. The information and fund of knowledge of the psychiatrist about appropriate treatment prescription matched to the patient, his problems, and his motivation to work psychotherapeutically is an essential aspect of the initial evaluation.

Crisis Intervention↗
PubMed1979

Multivariate assessment of conflict in distressed and nondistressed mother-adolescent dyads.

A battery of measures was used to assess conflict between mothers and young adolescents (females and males, 11 to 15 years of age). Two groups of families, one composed of a distressed clinical sample (N = 38), the other a nondistressed normative sample (N = 40), participated. The assessment battery included retrospective judgments, frequency estimates, self-monitored home recording, and tape-recorded discussion of a home problem. Content of assessment measures tapped aspects of parental control, decision-making, self-reported interaction behavior, arguments, interaction behavior rated by independent "blind" observers, frequency and anger-intensity of specific problematic issues, and perceptions of positive and negative behaviors of the other family member. Based on univariate analyses, 21 of the 26 defined variables discriminated significantly in the predicted direction. Maternal and adolescent reports of behavior and independent ratings of tape-recorded interaction emerged as strong and consistent discriminators. Stepwise multivariate discriminant analysis provided successful classification of 100% of the families based on the inclusion of nine variables. In a cross-validation sample, 84% of the families were correctly classified. Implications for systematic outcome research as well as clinical application are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

The Personality Research Form as a therapy outcome measure of social behavior.

Reported two studies that examined the efficacy of the Personality Research Form (PRF) as an outcome measure for interventions designed to increase social competence. In the first study (N = 83), the degree to which PRF scales can predict criteria frequently used in social skills training outcome research was examined, and the PRF was shown to be sensitive to such criteria. The second study (N = 24) assessed the relative degree to which the PRF scales and more frequently used outcome measures, including the above criteria, are affected by factors non-specific to social skills training interventions (suggestion for improvement). While three PRF scales were affected significantly, demand effects were much more pervasive on the other measures, which suggests that those measures can be used to obtain valid estimates of treatment effects only when experimental control of non-specific effects is possible. Two PRF scales, Affiliation and Exhibition, were shown to be both sensitive to criteria and resistant to demand effects, and as such may be useful as outcome measures in non-controlled clinical settings.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1977

[Taxonomy and assessment of psychological investigation methods in psychotropic drug trials (author's transl)].

Psychological tests are bound with specific goals. Four goal aspects are differentiated: status vs. processdiagnostics, normoriented vs. criterionoriented diagnostic, testing vs. inventarization, measurement of true scores vs. decision oriented diagnostic. Every diagnostic procedure is characterized by a specific personality theory and theory of measurement (classical vs. probabilistic test model). The diagnostic procedures traditionally used for evaluating drugs prefer status diagnostic, normoriented diagnostic, testing and measurement of true scores. Similar one-sidedness in personality theory and theory of measurement restrict validity and usefulness of psychological tests. In clinical practice we find a theoretically and empirically unjustified restriction in the selection of measurement devices on ratings and questionnaires. If we suppose multidimensionality of drug induced changes, we must apply a multimethod approach in outcome studies and use beside ratings and questionnaires behavior observations, objective tests, psychophysiological and neurophysiological measures. We propose a descriptive taxonomy of methods for planning multimethod outcome and process studies. From this taxonomy the methods of measurement for effects and side effects of drugs may be derived. The necessity of the multimethod approach is confirmed by empirical research. With this concept, the following neglected research questions become more obvious: concordance and discordance, synchrony and desynchrony of methods of measurement. We conclude with recommendations for clinical practice and research of outcome and process effects in drug therapy.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1979

Environmental interventions and therapeutic outcome.

An eveluation study to determine whether intensive environmental interventions for individual patients help their psychotherapeutic progress was conducted at a community mental health center serving a multi-ethnic, inner-city catchment area with multiple social stressors. Using the Kiresuk-Sherman goal attainment scaling method for therapeutic and environmental goals, researchers analyzed outcome levels of a random sample of 150 patients. Ninety-two of those patients received both psychotherapeutic and environmental interventions, 37 received only psychotherapy, and 21 received only environmental interventions. Evaluation indicated that environmental goal attainment effectively predicted therapeutic outcome among high-, moderate-, and low-success groups.

Community Mental Health Centers↗