Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Osseointegration”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Osseointegration around titanium screws placed into the areas between guided bone augmented sites compared with osseointegration around guided bone graft augmented sites in rabbit tibia.

The aim of this study was to compare the degree of osseointegration around titanium screws placed into the areas between guided bone augmented sites and guided bone graft augmented sites in 8 Japanese white rabbit tibia. The skin and periosteum were incised and lifted to expose the inner surfaces of both tibia. Eight rabbits were divided into 2 groups: 1) a guided bone augmentation (GBA) group of 2 rabbits, and 2) a guided bone graft augmentation (GBCA) group of 6 rabbits. In the GBA group, the bone marrow was penetrated several times in both tibial bones. Three titanium screws were inserted into the bone so that the top of each screw was 3 mm above the bone surface and covered with an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membrane (ePTFE). In the GBGA group autogenous cortical bone (10 mm x 10 mm x 1 mm) was taken from the left tibia and grafted on the inner surface of the right tibial bone, titanium screws being similarly inserted. The surgical site was covered by ePTFE. After healing for 2 months, the animals were euthanatized, and the experimental area was prepared for histological investigation. New bone had formed on the surgical sites in the GBA group and grafted bone had survived in the GBGA group, with no sign of infection or membrane exposure. The degree of osseointegration around the screw was 67.6 +/- 11.2% (mean +/- SD) in the GBA group and 78.8 +/- 11.9% in the GBGA group. There was no significant difference between the groups (p = 0.29). The ratio of mineralized bone to bone marrow was 45.7 +/- 6.2% in the GBA group and 64.4 +/- 4.4% in the GBGA group. There was a significant difference between the groups (p < 0.05). Although there was no significant difference for osseointegration around the screw placed into the GBA and GBGA sites, the quality of newly generated bone or grafted bone was quite different. Therefore, we suggest that predictable bone augmentation beyond the bone surface can be achieved by either the GBA or the GBGA procedure with ePTFE. However, it was difficult to conclude which procedure was superior with respect to the osseointegration around the titanium screw.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Osseointegrated implants--principles and practice: 1. Osseointegration and surgical techniques with the Nobelpharma implant system.

In this series of three articles the authors describe some of the principles and practice of osseointegrated implants. Part 1 gives a detailed description of the surgical techniques required to establish osseointegrated implant fixtures (with special reference to the Branemark system). The article then gives guidance on patient selection and treatment planning. Part 2 will go on to consider prosthetic rehabilitation using osseointegrated implant fixtures. Part 3 will conclude the series by presenting a number of case studies.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1989

Osseointegrated implants--principles and practice: 2. Prosthetic rehabilitation with osseointegrated implants.

In this series of three articles the authors describe some of the principles and practice of osseointegrated implants. Part 1 gave a detailed description of the surgical techniques required to establish osseointegrated implant fixtures (with special reference to the Branemark system), and gave guidance on patient selection and treatment planning. Part 2 now considers prosthetic rehabilitation techniques with osseointegrated implants for complete dentures, complete overdentures, partial bridges, and single tooth replacement cases. Part 3 will conclude the series by presenting a number of case studies.

Dental Implantation, Endosseous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Implant fixation strength and osseointegration following systemic administration of recombinant factor XIII and factor XIII concentrate. Animal experiment with implant fixation strength and osseointegration of porous surface implants].

30 cylindrical commercially pure titanium fiber porous coated Ti6A14V implants were inserted press-fit into the proximal humeral portion of 30 sheep humeri to determine the systemic effect of recombinant factor XIII and placenta-derived factor XIII concentrate on bone ingrowth and on strength of fixation. For both the recombinant factor XIII and the factor XIII concentrate group the volume fraction of bone ingrowth and the strength of fixation was higher when compared with the control specimens. However the difference was only significant for the factor XIII concentrate group.

Alloys↗
PubMed1989

[Osseointegrated implants in clinical dentistry. Practice of osseointegration implants].

The average life span of the Japanese has grown to 75.61 years for men and 81.39 years for women: both Japanese men and women have the longest life spans of any peoples in the world. The Welfare Ministry has urged a review of the social security system including medicine and pensions, and is seeking to establish lives worth living in our old age for the coming aging society, because there is no sign of the increase in the average life span slowing down. Various functions of the living body change physiologically with aging. Figure 1 shows a well-known graph showing "Changes in Physiological Functions with Aging" reported by Shock in 1971. It shows that systemic basic metabolism decreases almost linearly with age after about 30 years that reaches the peak of body functions, as well as almost all autonomic functions, including the kidney, lung, heart, and nerves. The speed at which functions decrease varies with organs. The age when functions begin to decrease differs between individuals. Generally, however, the ability of the eye to adjust makes us aware of aging at the earliest stage of life. The distribution of all elements comprising a body decreases with age, except for extracellular fluid. There are many difficulties in establishing lives worth living in old age, because of the fact that aged people suffer from reduced physiological and physical functions. The pleasure of eating may be one of the things that make life worth living. Many aged people seem to wish that they could enjoy meals as they did in their youth.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Osseointegration in porous coated knee arthroplasty. The influence of component coating type in sheep.

Although cementless knee arthroplasty is a commonly performed procedure, to date very little was known about the process of osseointegration of knee arthroplasty components. Using a knee prosthesis that was specially designed for the sheep stifle joint, this process of osseointegration could be studied in vivo, together with its effects on clinical and functional performance, its influence on mechanical fixation, and its influence on component stability or migration over time. Additionally, the osseointegration capacity of a newly developed cast mesh porous coating could be examined. The rationale for this newly developed coating was to provide a surface texture with theoretically superior osseointegration capacity, by offering a larger and better controlled pore size, with higher ingrowth area compared to conventional bead type coatings. In summary, the conclusions that are drawn from this work are the following: 1. The degree of osseointegration of knee arthroplasty components is not correlated with clinical and functional performance. Knee arthroplasty components with fibrous integration can function as well as osseointegrated components at least during the first years after implantation. This explains the occasional reports in the literature of post mortem retrieved, well functioning knee arthroplasty components, with purely fibrous integration on histomorphometric analysis. 2. Fibrous integration of tibial knee arthroplasty components, however, leads to less mechanical fixation strength of these components. Osseointegrated components are much more strongly fixed to the underlying bone. This difference in mechanical fixation strength is detectable under physiologic loads. 3. Fibrous integration of tibial knee arthroplasty components leads to increased migration, becoming apparent after 1 year with radiostereometric analysis (RSA). Osseointegrated components are significantly more stable over time. 4. Fibrous integration is less desirable, since it leads to mechanically less rigidly fixed implants, and subsequently to migration over time. On the long-term, fibrous integration might therefore lead to loosening. 5. RSA is an effective tool to assess migration of knee arthroplasty components. The RSA migration of an uncemented component is also an indicator of its degree of osseointegration and its mechanical fixation strength, since RSA migration is correlated with these two parameters. RSA is therefore especially useful during the first postoperative years, since increased migration indicates fibrous integration and low mechanical fixation strength, suggesting an increased risk for subsequent loosening at a later stage. Patients with increased early component migration on RSA might therefore be advised to impose specific restrictions on their knee arthroplasty. 6. Osseointegration is not routinely achieved in conventional porous coated tibial knee arthroplasty components. The development of a theoretically superior cast mesh coating did not lead to a significantly higher degree of osseointegration. It is suggested that the lack of sufficiently small interface gaps and the lack of sufficiently small interface micromotion--two known prerequisites for reliable osseointegration to occur--are the main reasons inhibiting osseointegration, both in this animal model and in the human situation. 7. Significant osseointegration, however, does occur in the newly developed cast mesh coated components, when they are additionally coated with a vacuum plasma sprayed 50 microns hydroxyapatite layer. The newly developed cast mesh coating is ideally suited for such an additional hydroxyapatite coating. Remarkably high percentages of both bone ingrowth and ongrowth can be seen with these hydroxyapatite coated cast mesh coatings, higher than so far reported for current tibial knee arthroplasty components. These osseointegrated hydroxyapatite coated cast mesh components show significantly higher mechanical fixation strength and lower RSA migratio

Animals↗
PubMed1997

3D-FEA of osseointegration percentages and patterns on implant-bone interfacial stresses.

OBJECTIVES: The degree of osseointegration and its patterns are important for the success of implants. 3D-FEA was used to determine interfacial stresses on a single tooth implant (IMZ) for four degrees of osseointegration (100, 75, 50 and 25%), and five patterns at 50% osseointegration (locally alternating, coronal only, apical only, facial only and lingual only). METHODS: The implant was restored with a metal-ceramic crown and subjected to 10 MPa axial or oblique applied stress. Resolved stresses were examined at four heights along the implant-bone interface. RESULTS: The degree of osseointegration did not affect resolved stress levels or distributions. Oblique loads elevated interfacial stresses 5 to 20 times. Stresses were always higher at the bone crest. CONCLUSIONS: Osseointegration patterns with crestal bone reduced both crestal and apical stresses. Apical only osseointegration produced much higher apical stresses. Crestal osseointegration and axial loads minimized overall stress.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1995

Osseointegration in sinus-forming bone.

Osseointegration, using bone-anchored titanium fixtures, is a well-established technique for both intraoral and craniofacial prosthetic rehabilitation. The use of this technique in children can be complicated by craniofacial growth and sinus development. This study evaluates the effects of sinus formation and growth on the fate of osseointegrated titanium fixtures in the growing porcine model. At 3 weeks of age, six Landrace White cross male pigs had a 3.75 x 3.0 mm titanium fixture (Noblepharma) inserted into their right frontal bone where the right frontal sinus would subsequently develop. Preoperative CT scans with three-dimensional reconstructions were used to determine the insertion site. To follow the effects of growth and sinus formation, CT scans with three-dimensional reconstructions and cephalometric radiographs were taken at 1, 3, 6, and 9 weeks postoperatively and at sacrifice. The pigs were sacrificed serially, and direct osteometric measurements were taken to determine skull symmetry. All skulls were sectioned, and osseointegration was determined clinically, radiologically, and histologically with light and scanning electron microscopy. Five of the six fixtures osseointegrated. There were no apparent growth disturbances due to the fixtures. As growth progressed, the osseointegrated fixtures submerged into the frontal bone in a posteroinferior direction to become completely intraosseous 14 weeks after insertion. As the frontal sinus pneumatized, the fixtures remained osseointegrated, but progressive amounts of the fixtures became exposed in the sinus. From this study it would appear that osseointegrated titanium fixtures do not have any effect on calvarial growth and gradually submerge into the growing bone. As sinus development ensues, the fixtures remain integrated but become partially exposed within the sinus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Is osseointegration a requirement for success in implant dentistry?

The term 'osseointegration' was coined in 1977. This term gained popularity and has been extensively used, but with various and diverging meanings; therefore, there is a strong need to redefine it. We propose a definition of the concept of osseointegration grounded on a physical basis. Since bioactive biomaterials are more strongly integrated than inert ones (e.g. titanium or alumina), and since osseointegration is a word implying strong bonding, we propose to devote the use of the concept of osseointegration for materials which are most successfully integrated into bone, i.e. when the bone/implant interface is a diffuse interface with full chemical bonding, such as for bioactive biomaterials. If the bone/implant interface is a sharp one, the concept of osseointegration is no longer relevant and we propose use of the term 'osteal integration', i.e. for inert biomaterials, such as titanium and alumina. Based on this proposition, we assert that osseointegration is not a requirement for success in implant dentistry.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMed2004

Radiographic evaluation of osseointegration and loosening of titanium implants in the MCP and PIP joints.

PURPOSE: Good to excellent clinical results have been shown in the initial studies on osseointegrated metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint implants that consist of a flexible silicone spacer connected to osseointegrated titanium fixtures. A high fracture rate of the silicone spacer, however, has been reported, diminishing the value of this implant system. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the osseointegration of the titanium fixture itself in a large study group and compare patients with rheumatoid arthritis with those with osteoarthrosis as a base for further development of the implant concept. METHODS: Two hundred thirty-nine implants (27 PIP, 212 MCP) in 86 patients were retrospectively evaluated radiographically. Two hundred implants were in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Radiographic evaluation included measuring the length and width of resorption zones around the titanium fixtures. A scoring system was used that grouped observations in 4 groups, from 0 (little or no change) to 3 (loosening). Status of the silicone spacer was also noted. RESULTS: At follow-up evaluation an average of 41 months (range, 12-103 months) after surgery, complete osseointegration was found in 450 of 478 fixtures (94%). Loosening was found in 10 proximal and 18 distal fixtures. The proximal fixtures showed loosening mainly during the first 3 years after surgery and the distal fixtures also had loosening. In the 31 MCP joint implants that were evaluated for more than 5 years, the osseointegration rate was 97%. CONCLUSIONS: Implant stem fixation with osseointegrated titanium fixtures is a valuable method that works well in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Further development will focus on a more durable constrained joint mechanism.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of smoking on achieving osseointegration of surface-modified implants: a clinical report.

PURPOSE: The present study evaluated the effect of smoking on achieving initial osseointegration when surface-modified dental implants were used. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During an 18-month period in a private practice setting 1,183 implants were placed in 461 patients. The group of smokers consisted of patients who smoked a half pack or more of cigarettes per day. RESULTS: The overall success rate for smokers and non-smokers in achieving osseointegration was 98.1%. Ninety-seven percent of the implants placed in smokers osseointegrated successfully, and 98.4% of implants placed in non-smokers osseointegrated successfully (P < .05). DISCUSSION: The surface of an implant may be a critical determinant for achieving osseointegration in patients who smoke. CONCLUSION: It appears from this short-term retrospective study that smoking does not play a significant role in achieving the osseointegration of surface-modified dental implants.

Bone Density↗
PubMed1989

[Osseointegrated implants in clinical dentistry. Surgical procedure].

Osseointegrated implant was developed by Professor Brånemark at the University of Göteborg, Sweden (1965). Implant are made from pure titanium (Ti 99.75%, others 0.25%), which are installed into the jaw bone using an osseointegrated method by leaving the fixtures unloaded and isolated for a period of 3 to 4 months in lower jaw bone and for a period of 5 to 6 months in upper jaw bone of totally edentuleus patients. The clinical procedure that produces osseointegration is performed in 2 major treatment stage due to being minimized tissue trauma. The fixture are fitted with a series of screw using abutment and prosthetic appliance. Osseointegrated implant placed within the 15 years of the study demonstrated a 91% success in the lower jaw and a 81% success in the upper jaw. We have experienced 30 clinical cases of osseointegrated implant since 1984 and then the clinical use of osseointegrated method give all our patients very satisfactory results. Pre-operative examination (including X-ray findings), surgical technique, clinical cases so on will be reported.

Bone Screws↗
PubMed1992

Plaque-induced marginal tissue reactions of osseointegrated oral implants: a review of the literature.

An intimate contact between bone and titanium implants was first demonstrated in 1969, and since then the bone-implant interface of osseointegrated implants has been investigated extensively. However, investigations of the marginal tissues and the microflora associated with osseointegrated implants have almost exclusively been carried out over the last decade. This review covers the clinical, radiographic, histologic, and microbiologic studies of marginal tissues of osseointegrated oral implants. In general, successfully osseointegrated implants exhibit low amounts of plaque concomitant with the absence of marginal inflammation. However, plaque accumulation may cause inflammatory reactions around the implants, sometimes giving rise to mucosal hyperplasia. Apparently, keratinized mucosa is not a requisite for the maintenance of peri-implant health if oral hygiene is adequate, but the presence of peri-implant keratinized mucosa is generally advocated. Alveolar bone loss around successful implants is minimal, but significant focal loss may occur due to plaque-induced inflammation or perhaps repeatedly extensive implant load. The progression of plaque-induced alveolar bone loss of osseointegrated implants may be different from that of teeth. It is unknown whether simultaneous marginal inflammation and excessive implant load further increase the loss of alveolar bone height. Both the light microscopic and ultrastructural characteristics of marginal tissues of implants and teeth are similar except for a lack of root cementum with inserting gingival collagen fibers of implants. Clinical inflammatory reactions are histologically characterized by an increased number of inflammatory cells infiltrating the connective tissue. The scattered subgingival microbiota associated with osseointegrated implants surrounded by healthy or slightly inflamed marginal tissues is similar to that of teeth with healthy gingiva. The microbiota associated with implants affected by marginal inflammation and bone loss is complex and consists predominantly of gram-negative anaerobic rods; this, again, is a similarity to periodontal disease.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed1997

Osseointegrated implants in the head and neck cancer patient.

BACKGROUND: Osseointegrated implants allow patients with oromandibular defects to obtain complete or partial dentition via implant-assisted or implant-borne prostheses. Implants restore masticatory and occlusal function, improving oral intake and articulation. However, use of implants in head and neck cancer patients has been discouraged due to lack of data supporting their utility in these patients. This study attempts to establish the validity of using osseointegrated implants for dental restoration in head and neck cancer patients. METHODS: Six patients who underwent resection/reconstruction for head and neck cancer received osseointegrated implants. Integration was assessed clinically, radiographically, and mechanically at 4-8 months; oral intake, mastication, and articulation were evaluated 6-12 months after receiving the dental prosthesis. RESULTS: Osseointegration occurred in 92% (24/26) of the implants: 100% (14/14) in neomandibles and 83% (10/12) in native mandibles. One patient had implants (2/5) that failed to integrate. The remaining patients' implants were immobile, free of infection, with no osteoradionecrosis. These patients tolerated a regular diet and experienced weight gain and improved articulation. CONCLUSIONS: The advent of osseointegrated implants and their compatibility with native and neomandible allows the restoration of functional dentition in patients undergoing ablative surgery for head and neck cancer.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1995

Evaluation of osseointegration of endosseous implants in radiated, vascularized fibula flaps to the mandible: a pilot study.

PURPOSE: This study clinically evaluated the osseointegration of implants placed into vascularized fibula flaps used in mandibular reconstruction of cancer patients following radiation treatment and subsequent hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five head and neck cancer patients had mandibular resection and immediate reconstruction with a vascularized fibula flap. Subsequent therapy included greater than 50 Gy of radiation to the fibula flap over a 6 to 8-week period. Two to 6 weeks following radiation therapy each patient received 20 90-minute daily sessions of HBO at 2.4 atmosphere pressure. Stage 1 implant surgery was performed placing two to six implants (15 mm in length and 3.75 to 4.0 mm in width) into each fibula flap. This was followed by 10 postoperative HBO sessions using the previously mentioned protocol. The stage 2 procedure was performed 6 months after the stage 1 procedure. Osseointegration was assessed clinically using manual force and an electronic device at the time the implants were uncovered and monthly over a 6-month period. RESULTS: All 20 implants placed in the fibula flaps were osseointegrated clinically at the time the implants were uncovered and during the 6-month follow-up. CONCLUSION: In this pilot study, mandibular reconstruction with a vascularized fibula flap and endosseous osseointegrated implants, following radiation of the fibula, was successful. It was concluded that factors such as the graft having its own blood supply and the use of HBO contributed to the successful osseointegration of these implants.

Bone Transplantation↗