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The correlation between Creatinine concentration, osmolality and blank color of urines was investigated. Only values of creatinine concentration and osmolality allow an approximative inter-conversion. For urine analysis, especially in cases of a very high creatinine concentration, we recommend to measure osmolality as a control.
Broth cultures of Acholeplasma laidlawii were fixed with various concentrations of cacodylate-buffered glutaraldehyde. The shape and ultrastructure of the organisms varied with the osmolar concentration of the fixative. When the fixation mixture was hypertonic to the culture medium, ultrathin sections suggested that the cells had shrunk. Phosphate buffer, sodium chloride, or sucrose at comparable osmolaities had the same effect as sodium cacodylate. Glutaraldehyde itself also contributed to the osmotic effects of the fixation mixture but to a lesser extent than salts or sucrose, to which the cell membrane is impermeable. The osmolar concentration of the fixation mixture seemed of greater importance than pH in determining morphology. The mycoplasma was still susceptible to damage by high concentrations of cacodylate after fixation with 2.5% glutaraldehyde. The best procedure was to fix and wash the organism under conditions isotonic with the growth medium. These conditions were also satisfactory for a filamentous mycoplasma, Mycoplasma orale.
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Thickness measurements solutions on the rat peritoneum using peritoneum using peritoneal dialysis solutions of various osmolalities show a marked reduction of the distances between capillaries and peritoneal surface with increasing osmolality. This may caused by a dehydration of the peritoneum and support the so-called canaliculus theory. If the dehydration of the peritoneum may outlast temporal the dialysis cycle with higher osmolar solution, it could be an explanation for the efficacy of following low-molecular solutions.
To characterize the normal values of histamine release from basophil leucocytes in cord blood after stimulation with both IgE-mediating and non-IgE-mediating secretagogues, a population of 1,684 newborn infants was studied using a microfiber-based method for detecting histamine release. A wide variation in anti-IgE and Concanavalin A-induced histamine release in the population was found. An increase in osmolarity in the release media selectively enhanced the maximal IgE-mediated histamine release, in addition to an increase in sensitivity in the dose response for anti-IgE and Concanavalin A. Both anti-IgE and Concanavalin A mediated histamine release were found to be significantly associated with the concentration of IgE in cord blood. Furthermore, an increased sensitivity to the IgE-mediated response and a close correlation between anti-IgE and Concanavalin A histamine release were found in the group of newborns with high IgE levels. Gestational age at birth and histamine release after stimulation with both IgE-mediating, and non-IgE mediating secretagogues were found to be significantly related, thus suggesting a continuing maturation of the human basophil leucocytes in the last weeks of gestation. Parental atopic disposition also affected basophil releasability in cord blood.
In experiment on rats functional overload (36 hours of water depression) helps in establishing the fact that the kidney subjected to the actions of non-specific factors of transplantation (ischemia, denervation, delymphatization) restores its ability to keep osmotic haemostasis to the 17th day. The same alterative factors against a background of hypercalcemia is not accompanied by the restoration of osmoconcentration functions to the 30th day of the experiment. One of the causes of this phenomenon may be the increase in the velocity of filtration in the kidney.
The effect of hypotonic and hypertonic shock on exocytosis in rat brain synaptosomes was studied using the fluorescent dye acridine orange. It was shown that an increase in medium osmolarity leads to calcium-independent exocytosis. The response of the probe was directly proportional to the amount of osmolithes added. A decrease in medium osmolarity to 230 mOsm led to an increase of acridine orange fluorescence, which is comparable with exocytosis occurring by the action of 15 mM KCl. This effect was independent of calcium concentration. It is assumed that, under hypotonic shock, part of neurotransmitters are released from the vesicular pool.
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