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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Orthotic devices for tennis elbow.

BACKGROUND: Lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow) is a frequently reported condition. A wide variety of treatment strategies has been described. As of yet, no optimal strategy has been identified. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this review was to assess the effectiveness of orthotic devices for treatment of tennis elbow. SEARCH STRATEGY: An electronic database search was conducted using Medline, Embase, Cinahl, the Cochrane Controlled Trial Register, Current Contents and reference lists from all retrieved articles. Experts on the subjects were approached for additional trials. SELECTION CRITERIA: All randomised clinical trials (RCT) describing individuals with diagnosed lateral epicondylitis and comparing the use of an orthotic device as a treatment strategy were evaluated for inclusion. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers independently assessed the validity of the included trials and extracted data on relevant outcome measures. Dichotomous outcomes were expressed as Relative Risks (RRs) and continuous outcomes as Standardised Mean Differences (SMD), both with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Statistical pooling and subgroup analyses were intended MAIN RESULTS: Five small-size RCTs (N per group 7-49) were included. Validity score ranged from 3-9 positive items out of 11. Subgroup analyses were not performed due to the small number of trials. The limited number of included trials present few outcome measures and limited long-term results. Pooling was not possible due to large heterogeneity amongst trials. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: No definitive conclusions can be drawn concerning effectiveness of orthotic devices for lateral epicondylitis. More well-designed and well-conducted RCTs of sufficient power are warranted.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Orthotic devices for the foot.

Orthotic devices have a multitude of applications. To properly prescribe them, one must have a clear understanding of the biomechanics of the lower limbs. These devices can support, correct, and prevent many pathologic conditions. The author has had experience with 235 patients, utilizing stance-phase, molded, thermoplastic orthotic devices. One hundred seventy-six patients responded to a questionnaire. Almost 80% of the patients experienced at least 50% improvement of their symptoms. With careful analysis, these devices not only can improve lower-segment malalignment syndromes in the athletic population but can also give relief to the patient with a painful foot and prevent serious ulcerations in the diabetic or rheumatoid patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

The effect of orthotic devices on freeway space.

After any orthotic device placement, there are three possible outcomes to the freeway space. The freeway space is either decreased, unchanged, or increased. The objective of this study was to determine what effect the placement of an orthotic device has on freeway space. Freeway space was measured in a group of 26 subjects immediately after placement of an orthotic device. In a second group of 26 subjects, freeway space was measured at least one week after placement of their orthotic devices. The freeway space was measured along the closing trajectory path during function. The number recorded was based on the actual measurement of the freeway space using a computer measuring device. Both sets of data were analyzed without taking into account other factors which may have influenced the freeway space. A Mann Whitney U test showed no significant differences between the two groups (Z = 0.027, P = 0.978 ). This study concluded that the thickness of an orthotic device does not necessarily increase or decrease freeway space.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed2003

In vitro wear of various orthotic device materials.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Orthotic devices are advocated to decrease occlusal attrition caused by bruxism but tend to wear with time. PURPOSE: This study investigated the wear rate of various materials used to fabricate orthotic devices. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Five experimental groups (n=8) were studied: Splint Biocryl autopolymerized (SBA), Splint Biocryl autopolymerized plus additional heat and pressure (SBHP), Forestacryl autopolymerized (FA), Forestacryl autopolymerized plus additional heat and pressure (FHP), and Quick Splint 15-minute (QS), light-polymerized composite. Specimens were mounted to the base of a universal testing machine. A wear device using steatite balls and a load of 9.1 kg was positioned against the specimens, submerged in a 37 degrees C water bath and subjected to 2500 reciprocal cycles. Wear, in micrometers, was calculated as the maximum peak to valley measurement (Ry) using profilometry. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's HSD (alpha=.05). RESULTS: Mean acrylic wear in micrometers was as follows: FA 6.8 +/-3.0; FHP 7.1 +/- 1.8; SBA 20.4 +/- 5.6; SBHP 23.7 +/- 7.8; and QS 23.8 +/- 6.9. One-way ANOVA detected significant differences between groups (P<.001); the Tukey honestly significant difference test determined that FA and FHP specimens were significantly more resistant to wear than all other specimens (P=.007). CONCLUSION: Differences in in vitro wear resistance among various orthotic device materials exist. The in vitro wear resistance among other autopolymerizing materials appears to be related to proprietary differences.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1996

Effect of corrective rearfoot orthotic devices on ground reaction forces during ambulation.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the quantitative effects of a corrective rearfoot orthotic device on the vertical, anteroposterior, and mediolateral ground reaction forces (GRFs) during ambulation. DESIGN: We conducted a prospective, randomized, single-blinded study of 25 subjects during ambulation with and without a rearfoot orthotic device. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirteen men and 12 women were enrolled in the study; the inclusion criteria included asymptomatic pes planus (5 to 10 degrees of calcaneal eversion). Each subject walked across a standard force plate in 10 trials without an orthotic device. The force plate was used to quantify the effect of a semirigid functional rearfoot orthotic device on GRFs and the center of pressure versus a standard shoe with no device. The observer was blinded, trials were completed in random order, and the paired t test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: No evidence suggested the presence of a significant difference in mediolateral GRFs and in the center of pressure exerted at 10%, 20%, 50%, and 80% of stance phase with and without the orthotic device. Significant reductions were noted in vertical GRFs per newton of body weight exerted at 10% (P = 0.0009) and 20% (P = 0.0383) of stance phase and in anteroposterior GRFs exerted at 10% (P = 0.0009) and 50% (P = 0.0033) of stance phase when ambulation was compared with and without the orthotic device. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that a rearfoot orthotic device reduces vertical and anteroposterior GRFs in the early stages of the stance phase during the gait cycle. We found no evidence to suggest a significant difference at any of the percent stance phases when comparisons were made of mediolateral GRFs exerted with and without the orthotic device. These data are contrary to current hypotheses about use of orthotic devices, and further studies would be helpful to reproduce these findings and to determine whether these changes are related to clinical improvement in symptomatic pes planus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Postsurgical orthotic devices.

Custom-made orthotic devices are beneficial as preoperative and postoperative modalities. The decision to institute conservative treatment such as casting and orthotic appliances depends largely on the pathologic condition the patient presents with, the overall medical and social status of the patient, and the desired results the physician wants to achieve. Orthoses, prostheses, and bracing have evolved from tedious and labor-intensive leather and metal components to technically advanced plastics, composites, and computer-generated efficient and patient-friendly modalities. With the incorporation of human biomechanics and engineering as well as the introduction of human performance laboratories and the shared knowledge from these disciplines, the field of orthoses and prostheses continues to expand for the benefit of those who must rely on man-made devices to augment daily living activities.

Ankle↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Foot orthotic devices to modify selected aspects of lower extremity mechanics.

Excessive foot pronation has been speculated to be a cause of leg and foot problems among runners. Foot orthotic devices are often used to modify this condition. Examination of the records of 180 patients treated for various running injuries showed that 83 individuals (46%) were prescribed orthotic devices and that 65 of these runners (78%) were able to return to their previous running programs. In order to assess further the effects of this type of orthotic device, six runners were selected from this group and filmed using two cameras (200 frames/sec) under three conditions: (1) barefoot, (2) regular shoe, and (3) regular shoe plus orthotic device. Both the period of pronation and the amount of maximum pronation were significantly reduced by using the foot orthotic device. The data support the conclusion that foot orthotic devices can be successfully used to modify selected aspects of lower extremity mechanics during the support phase of running.

Ankle↗
PubMed2002

The treatment of the positional plagiocephaly with a new thermoplastic orthotic device.

INTRODUCTION: An increasing number of infants presenting with posterior cranial asymmetry are referred to the paediatric neurosurgeon for clinical evaluation. Most of these cranial dysmorphisms cannot be due to lambdoidal sinostosis, since they originate from pre- (intrauterine constraint) or postnatal (prematurity, torticollis, sleeping position) predisposing factors that have deformed the cranial vault. In the literature there is broad consensus about the conservative management of this nonsynostotic plagiocephaly by means of "positional therapy" or "orthoplasty moulding" with cranial helmets or bands. Some reports can be found about the effectiveness of so-called dynamic orthotic cranioplasty (DOC) to improve the cranial asymmetry. TECHNICAL NOTE: In order to simplify the manufacturing procedure and improve the modulation of the corrective forces, we have designed a new orthotic device (thermoplastic orthotic device, TOD) using thermoplastic materials that can be moulded directly on the infant's head. CONCLUSION: With this technique it is no longer necessary to take any cranial impressions and the orthotic device can be easily remodelled, ensuring perfect adaptability of the device to the cranial vault throughout the entire treatment. Moreover, the superior flexibility of this orthosis allows modulation of the corrective forces.

Casts, Surgical↗
PubMed2007

Efficacy of a flexible orthotic device in patients with osteoporosis on pain and activity of daily living.

OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy of a flexible orthotic device in patients with osteoporosis. DESIGN: Open observational study. PATIENTS: Fifty patients with osteoporosis. METHODS: An open observational study was performed on 50 patients with osteoporosis in order to investigate the efficacy of a new osteoporosis orthotic device, which is an elastic back support with paravertebral air chamber pads. The outcome parameters were pain, activities of daily living, individual compliance and comfort. The observation period was approximately 2.5 months, and the orthotic device was worn continuously during daytime. RESULTS: There was a highly significant reduction in pain under exertion from mean 6.1 (SD 1.7) to 4.5 (SD 1.4) (p < 0.00001), pain when driving (from 5.2 (SD 2.4) to 3.8 (SD 1.9) (p < 0.00001)), and pain at rest from 4.1 (SD 2.4) to 3.1 (SD 1.9) (p < 0.0001). About 50% of the patients judged their ability to perform everyday activities as "much better"or "better". If physiotherapy was interrupted upon onset of orthosis treatment, the results were significantly worse than in patients with continued physiotherapy. CONCLUSION: This orthotic device could be a useful addition to the medical care of patients with osteoporosis and a complement to drug treatment and physiotherapy with regular exercises, which should be continued.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1991

Biomechanical analysis of running with 25 degrees inverted orthotic devices.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two different rigid foot orthotic devices in controlling subtalar joint subluxation and pronation. A high-speed video analysis system was used to record, store, and analyze data from seven runners: 1) barefoot, 2) shoes only, 3) shoes and vertical orthoses, and 4) shoes with 25 degrees inverted orthotic devices. The results indicate the need for suitable studies, on a larger population group, to evaluate the effect of a variety of orthotic devices on running biomechanics.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1989

Combined effect of foot arch structure and an orthotic device on stress fractures.

In a prospective study, quantitative measures of the structure of the longitudinal arch of the foot were established and related to the incidence of stress fractures in the bones of the lower limbs of military recruits. In addition, the role of a semirigid orthotic device (Langer military stress orthotic) in preventing stress fractures was evaluated as a function of the structure of the longitudinal arch. Femoral and tibial stress fractures were found to be more prevalent in the presence of feet with high arches, whereas the incidence of metatarsal fractures was higher in feet with low arches. The use of an orthotic device reduced the incidence of femoral stress fractures only in the presence of feet with high arches and the incidence of metatarsal fractures only among feet with low arches. The findings suggest that the normal foot with a low arch acts as a better shock absorber than the normal foot with a high arch, and that an orthotic device may improve the shock absorbing capacity of the arch.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Orthotic devices for ambulation in children with cerebral palsy and myelomeningocele.

Children with cerebral palsy and children with myelomeningocele frequently require orthotic devices for standing and walking. The purpose of this article is to review the literature on orthotic devices for walking, present principles of lower-extremity orthoses, discuss designs of orthoses, and consider criteria for selecting orthotic devices. Although discussion of the devices is specific to children with myelomeningocele and to children with cerebral palsy, the orthoses can be used with children having other disabilities. The information presented should be of value to clinicians, educators, and researchers interested in reviewing orthotic applications for children with disabilities.

Cerebral Palsy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lower-extremity overuse injury and use of foot orthotic devices in women's basketball.

One hundred thirty-two female basketball players were observed for lower-extremity overuse injury between 1993 and 2004. Athletes studied between 1993 and 1996 did not receive foot orthotic devices and composed the control group. The treatment group comprised athletes studied between 1996 and 2004. Athletes in the treatment group were given a foot orthotic device before participation in basketball. Data analysis included lower-extremity overuse injury rates and the effect of foot orthotic devices on lower-extremity overuse injury rates by means of an incidence density ratio. The control group had a lower-extremity overuse injury rate of 5.37 per 1,000 exposures, and the treatment group had a rate of 6.44 per 1,000 exposures. The incidence density ratio was not significant (P = .44). This study rejects the concept that foot orthotic devices may assist in prevention of lower-extremity overuse injury in female basketball players.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Assistive devices, orthotics, and prosthetics.

Deciding on which supportive device, orthotic, or prosthetic is best suited for a given patient is a complex process involving many different factors. The ability to manage biomechanical abnormalities successfully may be enhanced by an understanding of the properties of the various materials that comprise these devices, their effect on functional performance, and other associated patient factors. Veterinary health care providers are faced with the challenge of effectively addressing the physiologic and fiscal needs of the patient in a rapidly changing patient care environment.

Amputation, Surgical↗
PubMed1993

Orthotic devices in functional treatment of ankle sprain. Stabilizing effects during real movements.

Various orthotic devices generally employed for therapy of ankle sprain were tested under functional conditions. The experimental setup comprised inversion stimuli of 20 and 30 degrees (13 subjects) while standing on a tiltplatform as well as running movements of 8 and 12 km.h-1 on a treadmill (12 subjects). Ankle joint displacements were registered together with the surface EMGs from mm. peroneus long., tibialis ant., gastrocnemius med. and vastus med. In an additional study the relation between achilles tendon angle and talar tilt was determined under static conditions. Ten subjects with chronical instability were examined both in uni- and bipedal stance with the foot inverted to 20, 30 and 40 degrees. None of the tested devices could reduce achilles tendon angle movements completely neither during a sudden inversion nor during running. However, there were significant differences among the tested devices in the dorsal-plantar and in the eversion-inversion plane. In bipedal stance talar tilts were observed only when the foot was inverted more than 30 degrees. In unipedal stance these tilts were clearly reduced or disappeared totally. It is concluded that for functional rehabilitation, loading of the ankle joint is desirable in order to increase joint stability. The central importance of the treatment by orthotic devices may be regarded in an optimal passive joint stabilization combined with a correct fitting in order to preserve proprioceptive neuromuscular function for an active muscular stabilization.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed1992

Mechanical ankle stabilisation due to the use of orthotic devices and peroneal muscle strength. An experimental investigation.

The mechanical stabilising effect of different orthotic devices and artificially applied muscular strength to the peroneal muscles is tested in cadaveric ankle joints and in vivo. Both orthotic devices as well as muscular strengths of 150 N applied to the peroneal muscles can produce a significant reduction in mechanical ankle instability. However, none of these methods alone can stabilise the ankle joint in such way to completely normalise the talar tilt and anterior drawer sign that is found in stable ankle joints. In contrast to that, clinical results in the treatment of sprained ankles with the application of an orthosis, additional muscular strengthening is the best treatment to achieve a sufficient mechanical ankle stability during the period of ligament healing. Additional factors influencing the mechanical ankle stability are supposed.

Ankle Joint↗
PubMed1999

[Ankle orthotic devices. Review, areas of application and scientific results].

The present paper is concerned with the importance of braces and orthotic devices for the treatment of functional deficits of the lateral ankle ligaments. After a short description of the different categories, the various areas of application are described. Finally, the effects of these orthopaedic devices with respect to joint stabilisation, injury prevention, and the influence on proprioception and sports performance are discussed based on research reports.

Ankle Injuries↗
PubMed2001

Orthotic devices. Degenerative disorders of the foot and ankle.

Orthotic devices are an effective method of treating degenerative arthrosis of the foot and ankle. When combined with appropriate medications and activity modifications, operative intervention may be postponed or rendered unnecessary. A thorough comprehension of relevant anatomy, biomechanics, and available devices is crucial to maximize the benefits of this modality.

Ankle Joint↗