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The rules of writing accurate and profound-diagnoses in orthopedics and traumatology were presented. The most common mistakes were pointed out. An attention was paid to the eponyms. Latin language and correct vocabulary.
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The authors describe five cases of surgical correction of dysmorphisms of the maxillaries requiring orthodontic treatment before surgery. Pre-operative orthodontic treatment of the adult has the advantage of enabling the arches to be aligned, facilitating the operation when the osteotomized fragments are positioned and resulting in immobilisation in a good position.
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In traumatological hospitals the medical orthopedic articles made of polymer materials are contaminated by different microorganisms including pathogenic staphylococci, therefore they can serve as a factor of transmission of hospital-associated staphylococcal infections. Polymer materials used for medical orthopedic articles are not bactericidal. Mechanical cleaning with detergents does not provide sufficient elimination of microorganisms from orthopedic articles. This can be obtained by means of the treatment (immersion, wiping) with solutions of bactericidal preparations of various chemical orogin (chloramine, lithium hypochloride, chlorine, sulphochlorantine, hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, nitran). Medical orthopedic articles must be decontaminated before use. In the hospitals, disinfection of orthopedic articles should be performed at least once a day. Immersion of the articles made of porous materials into solutions of disinfectans with surface-active additives or into solutions of surface-active bactericides is a simple, readily available and effective method of treatment. Drawback of this method is that disinfectant solution partly remains in the pores and can be eliminated only by means of drying of the article in thermostate. Orthopedic articles of polyurethane foam can be decontaminated only by use of solutions of hydrogen peroxide and nirtan out of all the tested disinfectants. Medical orthopedic articles made of polymer materials have endured repeated treatment with disinfectant solutions without any change of their physical and mechanical properties. The usability of these articles did not deteriorate.
OBJECTIVE: To study the seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among orthopedic surgeons, and correlate the results with occupational and nonoccupational risk factors. Orthopedic surgeons are one of several groups of health care workers at risk for occupationally acquired HIV infection; however, few HIV seroprevalence studies in health care workers, and none in surgeons, have been performed to assist in estimating the extent of occupational risk. DESIGN: A voluntary, anonymous HIV serosurvey at an annual meeting. To assess the representativeness of participants, a mail survey of orthopedic surgeons was conducted 5 months prior to the annual meeting. SETTING: The 1991 annual meeting of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons held in Anaheim, Calif. PARTICIPANTS: United States or Canadian orthopedic surgeons in training, in practice, or retired from practice who attended the annual meeting. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Participants' HIV serostatus and reporting of occupational and nonoccupational risk factors for HIV infection. RESULTS: Of 7147 eligible orthopedists at the annual meeting, 3420 (47.9%) participated. Compared with the 10,411 orthopedic surgeons responding to the mail survey, serosurvey participants had at least as many opportunities for occupational contact with blood and with HIV-infected patients. Among participants, 87.4% reported a blood-skin contact and 39.2% reported a percutaneous blood contact in the previous month. Among 3267 participants without reported nonoccupational risk factors for HIV infection, none was positive for HIV antibody (0%; upper limit of the 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.09%); among 108 participants with reported nonoccupational HIV risk factors, two were positive for HIV antibody (1.9%; upper limit of the 95% CI = 5.7%). CONCLUSION: Although these findings may not be generalizable to all orthopedic surgeons, we found no evidence of HIV infection among serosurvey participants without nonoccupational risk factors. The high rates of self-reported blood contact underscore the importance of compliance with infection control precautions and of development of new techniques and equipment to minimize the risk of exposures to blood during surgical procedures.