Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Organizational Objectives”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Operating room scheduling. Choosing the best system.

The multiple criteria involved in the hospital OR scheduling problem cannot be ignored. Our goal is to identify the important criteria regarding this problem and determine the degree to which the scheduling approaches in use do or do not support these criteria. This contingency approach to selecting an OR scheduling system should enable hospital administrators to make policy decisions that will most effectively support stated and unstated organizational objectives.

Consumer Behavior↗
PubMed1992

Recall of organizable words and objects in adulthood: influences of instructions, retention interval, and retrieval cues.

Young (mean age = 27.3 years), young-old (mean age = 66.3 years), old (mean age = 74.8 years), and old-old adults (mean age = 84.0 years) learned organizable words and objects with standard instructions or organizational instructions. Immediate and delayed free recall and delayed cued recall were assessed. Results indicated equal cue benefits for all age groups for words, although cue benefits increased with increasing age for objects. Instructions to organize the items enhanced memory only for the old-old adults. Young adults forgot fewer items from immediate to delayed free recall than the older age groups. In addition, organizational instructions affected word recall, but not object recall, for all age groups. Although these data indicate both similarities and differences in patterns of performance among age groups, the overall pattern of outcome suggests an age-related increase in the level of cognitive support required to optimize episodic remembering.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

A living systems analysis of organizational pathology.

Organizations have essentially the same subsystem processes as living systems at other levels. All of them adjust subsystem variables to changing environmental and internal circumstances. Pathology exists in any system when a subsystem variable remains out of its steady-state range for an extended period. The same classes of pathology can be found at all levels. This article analyzes the various forms of pathology that exist in living systems at the level of organizations and describes living systems process analysis. Studies of several types of organizations including U.S. Army battalions, a corporation, a hospital, and a possible space station or lunar base, are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Organizing multicenter trials: lessons from the cooperative oncology groups.

The execution of cancer clinical therapy trials has evolved over the past 45 years and is centered in the Clinical Oncology Group mechanism. The organization, statistical and administrative support, protocol development, and quality control systems have been worked out well and can be described in detail through the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Prevention trials, on the other hand, are larger and fewer and take longer to complete. They involve people who are healthy or not as motivated to take pills or change lifestyle habits as those who are ill. The problems of compliance, toxicity, and costs become major issues. The practice of medicine is organized to take care of sick people and not healthy volunteers. We describe potential roles for Clinical Oncology Groups. These include preliminary tests of prevention agents for safety and toxicity much like Phase 1 trials with cytotoxic agents. A second important possible involvement would be to provide patients at high risk for developing second cancers, treatment- or non-treatment-induced, for prevention trials. A third set of individuals that can be recruited through current group resources are relatives of cancer patients who themselves might be highly motivated to participate in prevention trials. While the Clinical Oncology Groups may not have primary roles in prevention trials, they do represent a resource that has trial discipline and willingness and could facilitate the research efforts in chemoprevention.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMed1990

From educational philosophy to educational practice: fidelity and the curriculum in context.

As part of a higher degree on research methods, exploratory work was undertaken concerning educational philosophy and educational practice using an ethnographic approach. This author discusses, using this exploratory work, the difficulties of attempting fidelity to an educational philosophy, through curriculum practice. Schools of nursing are increasingly adopting a rational approach to education, without considering the wider social context within which education occurs. The attempt to establish and pursue a single philosophy, ignores the plurality of ideological commitments held by nurse teachers. Further research is proposed using naturalistic methods in order to understand the processes of interpretation and implementation of educational philosophy.

Curriculum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Scientific fraud: definitions, policies, and implications for nursing research.

Scientific research typically has been founded on high ethical standards established by researchers in academia and health care research institutions. Scientific fraud, an act of deception or misrepresentation of one's own work, violates these ethical standards. It can take the form of plagiarism, falsification of data, and irresponsible authorship. Scientific fraud has been attributed to misdirected attempts to attain high levels of personal and professional success. Researchers so prone commit scientific fraud in a search for promotion, status, tenure, and the obtaining of research grants. To divert scientific fraud, three recommendations are suggested: (1) socialize prospective nurse researchers into an atmosphere where intellectual and professional integrity prevail; (2) have established nurse researchers serve as role models and mentors who can educate the neophyte researcher about the ethics of research, including scientific fraud; and (3) emphasize and reward quality in research and publications, rather than quantity.

Ethics, Professional↗
PubMed1992

Development of a hospital ethics committee: lessons from five years of case consultations.

The development and consultation experience of an ethics committee in an urban community hospital has been presented, and various approaches to case consultation have been considered. Our committee has concentrated on the clinical evaluation model. As expected, most consultations have centered on issues of withdrawing or limiting medical care. Most patients evaluated have been unable to clearly express their wishes concerning further treatments, highlighting the need for promoting advance directives. When resorting to substituted judgment, our committee has supported continued care in a majority of cases. Limitation of the consultation process to the attending physician has, in our experience, actually served to increase the credibility of the committee and has promoted acceptance of its recommendations. The committee's most useful function seems to be in assisting physicians and their patients in defining realistic goals and limitations of treatment. Within this context, the coming decade may find ethics committees concerned less with promoting the autonomous wishes of individual patients than with defining the limits of that autonomy against the competing demands of the larger society. Such a shift should be approached with caution.

Advance Directives↗
PubMed1991

Learning from experience--a revised approach to quality assurance.

This article introduces a model for directing quality assurance activity in hospitals outside of the US. We believe that this model will be more expedient than the systems presently in use. The rationale for this new approach is based on the American experience but proposes an improved organizational and scientific method that has evolved to replace the previously existing ad hoc committees and punitive, post-factum approach. The suggested model includes the establishment of an inter-related network of institutional and departmental committees coupled with the active participation of the hospital director and a specialized unit for quality assurance activities. This approach has the potential for affording major improvements in the implementation of quality assurance in hospitals, outside of the US, which have not been part of the evolutionary process which has taken place in America.

Decision Making, Organizational↗
PubMed1991

Implementing the Association of Teachers of Preventive Medicine's recommendations into the undergraduate medical school curriculum.

In 1989, an expert panel appointed by the Association of Teachers of Preventive Medicine proposed minimum curricular content requirements for health promotion-disease prevention, including recommendations for timing, duration, and course sequencing during medical school. Making clinical preventive medicine an integral part of a primary care rotation is a central feature of the proposal. The panel presents recommendations for using the Guide to Clinical Preventive Services, which assesses the effectiveness of 169 types of prevention interventions, in both undergraduate and postgraduate medical education. Recommendations for incorporating the guide into the undergraduate medical school curriculum are outlined. The recommendations include options for using the guide as part of a curriculum in quantitative skills, in clinical preventive medicine, in a primary care rotation, as a health services and community dimension curriculum, and as part of continuing self-education. Recognizing that teaching methods and curriculum structures are varied in preventive medicine, the panel designed the recommendations to be adaptable to all medical schools' programs. The recommendations are aimed at achieving the goal of making preventive medicine an integral part of the education, training, and practice of physicians.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1992

Strategy and marketing tactics in nonprofit hospitals.

Through the analysis of questionnaire data, this study examines the strategic management styles of 114 nonprofit hospitals and the relationship between each of these styles and hospital marketing tactics. The analysis has important implications for nonprofit hospitals and other health care organizations.

Financial Management, Hospital↗
PubMed1992

From traditional to problem-based learning: a case report of complete curriculum reform.

The Sherbrooke School of Medicine, Quebec, has restructured its entire curriculum to make problem-based learning (PBL) the main instructional format. This complete reform is explained both in terms of process and content. The curriculum problems were clearly identified and overcome by a major structural shift-over following the stages of a strategic planning of change. Implementation over a period of 7 years is described according to a four-stage framework: need for change; selection of the PBL solution; planning for implementation; and the full-scale adoption of the PBL method. The programme is described in relation to the congruence of goals, learning and evaluation activities. Initial impact on student learning and evaluation, attracting better quality students, academic staff roles, and on financing the operation are discussed. Changing the undergraduate programme has become an institutional project directed by the Office of the Dean.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1990

Overcoming barriers to educational mobility in nursing.

A shift in locus of responsibility from the individual to a program for facilitation of educational mobility in nursing calls for an explication and eradication of artificial barriers to such mobility. Drawing upon and extending the analysis found in the educational literature, this articles explores issues such as program autonomy, pedagogical assumptions about the nature of learning, adherence to questionable technical-professional distinctions, blindness to cultural-class differences, and employer practices as socially constructed barriers to educational mobility. The author argues that recognition of these barriers is a critical first step in exposing underlying motives restricting mobility. This article invites the nursing community, and in particular the nursing education community, to come to terms with their role in perpetuating barriers to educational mobility.

Career Mobility↗
PubMed1990

ACCESS: keystones for school health promotion.

This article provides a perspective on the three elements that traditionally constitute school health programs in the U.S. and describes a new model called ACCESS. Consisting of five major keystones, ACCESS provides an organizational structure for planning, implementing, and evaluating school health promotion programs. In addition, the model provides a reference point for international comparisons of school health.

Health Promotion↗