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Results for “Organ transplantation”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

[Current status of lung preservation for organ transplantation].

This paper gives a survey of the development and the present state of the preservation of isolated lungs intended for transplantation. Hypothermal perfusion with a colloid-containing electrolyte solution, supplemented with certain additives, without ventilation of the preserved lung is obviously a technique that is ready to be used in practice. The present priorities in experimental research are: elaboration of a standardized preservation technique, of which the expenditure can be justified in a clinical transplantation program, and establishment of parameters for the control of its efficiency.

Colloids↗
PubMed1978

New approach to organ transplantation based on the fetal allograft.

A new approach to organ transplantation that may be particularly applicable to kidney transplantation is suggested by analogy with the immunological mechanism responsible for the survival of the fetal allograft. The method concerns identifying donor-recipient tissue compatibility by use of the two-way mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), in which reacting cells from patients awaiting transplants are primed with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and stored. When a donor becomes available, these PHA-primed cells may then be tested against donor lymphocytes, possibly giving a result within 36 hours. Immunosuppressive agents occurring naturally in pregnancy, such as alpha-fetoprotein and chorionic gonadotrophin, may eventually replace standard immunosuppressive treatment with potentially toxic regimens in transplant recipients. If the results of the two-way MLR using PHA-primed cells are shown to be comparable to those of the standard two-way MLR graft survival may be successful in 80% of cases.

Female↗
PubMed1978

Pancreatic whole organ transplantation.

Transplantation of the whole pancreas can produce normal glucose homeostasis and there is evidence that a functioning allograft is capable of arresting or even perhaps reversing the vascular changes of diabetes. The technical complications of necrosis, bleeding, and perforation of the transplanted duodenum and disruption of the duodenalenteric anastomosis can all be managed by immediate removal of the allograft at the first sign of rejection. While there is increasing evidence that islet cells are more violently rejectedly in the human than are some other transplanted tissues, it is not clear whether this is true with the organ pancreas transplant. The four relatively long-term successes of organ pancreas transplants in the human would suggest that the organ transplant may act more like a kidney transplant than do islet cells. In the author's opinion, many of the problems may be technical, and carefully controlled, staged whole or partial pancreas allografts in the human still hold promise for ultimate better long-term success.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Preservation of human lymphocytes in liquid nitrogen for the purpose of organ transplantation].

Repeated typing of organ receptors, indifferent of the technique employed, as well as the preparation of anti-sera of the HL-A type from multiple-pregnancy women (by repeated testing on known lymphocytes panels), suppose the storage for long periods of time of human lymphocytes at low temperatures. The authors present a technique adapted for the storage of lymphocytes in liquid nitrogen allowing for the survival of these cells, in very satisfactory conditions, for long periods of time.

Freezing↗
PubMed1979

Kaposi's sarcoma in organ transplant recipients: report of 20 cases.

There is an increased incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) in organ transplant recipients in whom it comprises more than 3% of all de novo neoplasms. Any such patient who develops reddish blue macules or plaques in the skin or oropharyngeal mucosa, or has apparently infected granulomas that fail to heal, should be suspected of having KS. In 45% of the patients, the internal viscera are involved. This variety has a bad prognosis. Apart from conventional treatment with surgical excision, radiotherapy or chemotherapy, cessation, reduction, or modification of immunosuppressive therapy produces gratifying results in a significant number of patients.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Infectious complications in organ transplantations (author's transl)].

On the basis of various reported experiences the Authors emphasize the importance of infectious complications in organ transplantations. As a matter of fact these complications occur in a very high percentage of cases (over 50%); they have severe prognoses and are caused by such agents as bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa and metazoa. The Authors suggest microbiological monitoring of the recipient before, during and even after the transplantation, in order to single out the etiologic agent as rapidly and accrately as possible and thus to decide upon a suitable therapy.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1979

Tumor development in organ transplants obtained from carcinogen-exposed rats.

F344 rats were exposed intragastrically to two different dose levels of N-nitrosoheptamethyleneimine (NHMI) resulting in a cumulative dose of either 225 or 450 mg/kg body weight. Tumor development was followed either in situ in the NHMI-exposed animals or in tracheas and esophagi from NHMI-exposed donors after these organs were grafted to isogeneic recipients. Tumor responses in situ and in organ grafts were compared. The results showed that the process of carcinogenesis is not disrupted by the transplantation procedure. The carcinogen dose-response relationship observed in situ was also seen in the transplanted organs. At the high carcinogen dose, the tumor incidence was 100% in situ and transplanted esophagi and 20% in tracheas in situ compared to 25% in tracheal transplants. At the low dose, the tumor incidence was 36% in the esophagi in situ compared to 100% in transplanted esophagi, which suggests a greater sensitivity of the transplant system to detect the carcinogenicity of NHMI. The proportion of carcinomas to papillomas was markedly higher in transplanted esophagi. The tracheal tumor response at both NHMI dose levels showed the same trend but was too low to allow any firm conclusions.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Brain death, apneic diffusion oxygenation, and organ transplantation.

This paper presents a simple method of maintaining good donor organ oxygenation during a prolonged test of apnea used to determine brain death prior to cadaver transplantation. Apneic diffusion oxygenation can maintain arterial pO2 above 200 torr for periods exceeding 15 minutes, thereby allowing a more definitive determination of brain death without concomitant tissue hypoxia and possible damage to donor organs.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Organ transplantations in intestinal tract surgery: history or future?].

In the case of three gastrointestinal organs - the esophagus, the stomach, and the colon - no indication for clinical transplantation is conceivable today or in future. On the other hand, experience with transplantation of the small bowel, the liver and the pancreas has already been gained, though up to now the results have been rather poor. Nevertheless, some clear indications exist which justify these transplantations in highly specialized centers. They include total loss, of the small bowel, multiple small bowel atresias, acute liver necrosis, congenital biliary atresia, Echinococcus alveolaris, in future some enzyme defects and finally, juvenile diabetes with nephropathy. Whether, and when, transplantation in these diseases becomes routine will depend on progress in immunology.

Biliary Tract Diseases↗
PubMed1979

Induction of unresponsiveness to major transplantable organs in adult mammals: a recapitulation of ontogeny by irradiation and bone marrow replacement.

Transplantation of renal allografts obtained from prospectively selected genotypically DLA-identical donors into supralethally irradiated dogs reconstituted with their own stored bone marrow has produced a state of unresponsiveness to these kidneys in the recipients. Eleven of 18 kidneys transplanted at 12 hours after marrow replacement currently survive with normal function and maintain life in the recipients for 757, 800, 825, 978, 1062, 1092, 1136, 1282, 1373, 1380, and 1381 days, respectively. Similar results occurred in eight of 13 allografts transplanted at 28 hours after marrow replacement, which currently survive for 349, 363, 377, 407,436,470, 485, and 513 days, respectively, and in eight of 13 kidneys grafted at 36 hours after marrow replacement, which are surviving for 197, 247, 298, 324, 337, 396, 443, and 472 days, respectively. Achievement of optimal results is dependent on the specific timing and sequence of each procedure. Only four of 16 recipients of kidneys transplanted at the time of marrow replacement were unresponsive to their allografts. Similarly, only five of 19 recipients of kidneys placed in irradiated dogs at 40 hours before marrow replacement accepted such allografts. When kidney transplants were placed into the recipients 20 hours before removal of marrow, irradiation, and reconstitution with stored marrow, only three of 21 dogs became unresponsive to such ailografts. In five of 12 instances, the recipients were also unresponsive to skin allografts obtained from their respective kidney donors. Such skin grafts currently survive for 606, 673, 687, 701, and 708 days, respectively. The remaining seven skin grafts were rejected at 28, 39,42, 84, 90, 92, and 115 days, respectively. Second- and third-set skin grafts from the same kidney donor were rejected by six of these dogs at 19, 20, 21, 29, 29, and 30 days, and at 21, 22, 23, 24, 27, and 27 days, respectively. Rejection of these skin grafts had no detectable effect on the function and survival of kidney allografts from the same source. Seven of eight skin grafts obtained from other DLA-identical donors were rejected at 13,14,16,25,28,38, and 84 days, respectively; one allograft continues to survive for 708 days. Eleven DLA-incompatible skin allografts placed on the recipients at the same time were rejected within 11-20 days. Supralethal total body irradiation and bone marrow replacement can establish in the adult canine host a privileged phase of immunological reactivity during which exposure to alloantigens produces specific long-term unresponsiveness rather than sensitization. The use of stored autologous rather than allogeneic bone marrow for reconstitution of the irradiated recipient eliminates the hazards of GVH complication usually associated with this procedure. This consideration and the apparent capacity of the tolerant host to maintain a long-term state of unresponsiveness without any further immunosuppressive therapy point to the potential relevance of the results to human transplantation.

Animals↗