Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Oral mucosa”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Immunopathology of the oral mucosa. Oral immune system--inflammatory reactions--tumor-"marker"--virus identification].

The present study was concerned with oral reparative and inflammatory reactions, benign epithelial proliferations and malignant lesions including their prestages. Following investigations of normal oral mucosa, biopsy and surgical specimens of diseased human oral mucosa were studied with light and electron microscopical methods. In addition, experimental models of oral wound healing and carcinogenesis were developed. Combining morphological (immunofluorescence, immunocytochemistry, electron microscopy) and biochemical (SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) techniques differentiation and function of epithelial and non-epithelial cells of the oral mucosa were investigated. Clinical pathology. 725 oral lesions were collected from the files of the Dermatological Clinic of the University of Hamburg. Among these lesions epithelial hyperplasias and neoplasias represented the most frequent alterations of the oral mucosa. The incidence of premalignant lesions (3.7%) was consistent with the percentages reported in the literature. On frozen or glutaraldehyde-fixed tissue samples the value of immunohistological and ultrastructural methods was examined with particular respect to the distinction of reactive inflammatory processes from true premalignant and malignant lesions and with special reference to the differential diagnosis of epithelial and non-epithelial tumours. Examples were given for immunological characterization of inflammatory lesions and for histogenetical typing of neoplasias. Normal oral mucosa. Biochemical and morphological investigations of keratin filaments showed that basal and suprabasal epithelia contain different keratin polypeptides related to the degree of cell differentiation. These cytoskeletal modifications were seen to be associated with cell membrane differentiations which was demonstrated by different lectin affinities to basal and suprabasal compartments of epithelium. At the epithelial-mesenchymal interfaces macromolecular substances appeared (e.g. fibronectin) which are produced by basal epithelia (e.g. laminin) and connective tissue cells leading to the formation of the basement membrane zone. Immune competent cells were seen to be regular components of normal oral mucosa. Within the epithelium Langerhans cells and T lymphocytes of the suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype were shown to be the predominant inflammatory cells. B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes of the suppressor/cytotoxic and helper/inducer phenotypes and typical macrophages represented cellular elements of the connective tissue. All these non-epithelial cells were found to contain vimentin filaments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Micronuclei in nasal mucosa, oral mucosa and lymphocytes in students exposed to formaldehyde vapor in anatomy class.

The frequency of micronuclei (MN) in cells of the nasal mucosa, oral mucosa and in lymphocytes was evaluated for 25 students in anatomy classes exposed to formaldehyde (FA) over an 8-week period. Each student served as his or her own control. The time-weighted average concentration (TWA) of formaldehyde in anatomical laboratories and in students' dormitories was 0.508 +/- 0.299 mg/m3 and 0.012 +/- 0.0025 mg/m3, respectively. A higher frequency of micronuclei was observed in nasal and oral exfoliative cells after formaldehyde exposure (3.85 +/- 1.48 vs 1.20 +/- 0.676 and 0.857 +/- 0.558 vs 0.568 +/- 0.317, paired-t test: P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively). No significant increase in the frequency of lymphocyte micronuclei was found after formaldehyde exposure (P > 0.05). The present study shows that nasal mucosa cells exposed through respiration are the chief target of FA-induced genotoxic effects.

Embalming↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Differential expression of heat shock protein 27 in normal oral mucosa, oral epithelial dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma.

The aim of this study was to evaluate HSP27 expression in fetal, normal and inflamed oral mucosal epithelium and in oral premalignant epithelial lesions and in their ensuing invasive cancers. In developing human oral epithelia, immunoreactions for HSP27 were moderately observed in suprabasal keratinocytes of palate and tongue. Normal oral epithelium had an intense suprabasal positivity. In inflamed oral mucosa, HSP27 staining was stronger in basal and suprabasal keratinocytes than in normal epithelium. Most oral premalignant lesions showed no (5 cases, 29%) or low (8 cases, 46.4%) staining. In OSCC both low and high HSP27 levels of expression were observed. HSP27 immunolabelling was down-regulated in poorly differentiated areas and up-regulated in highly differentiated ones. These findings indicated that HSP27 expression seems to protect cells from apoptosis during inflammation, while the down-regulation in dysplasia could impair the protective mechanism against mutagenesis induced by environmental factors and thus enhancing the transformation of oral epithelial dysplasia into OSCCs.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in normal oral mucosa, oral dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent angiogenic cytokine implicated in tumour vasculogenesis. A significant increase in vascularity occurs during the transition from normal oral mucosa (NOM), through dysplasia, to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). This study investigated the presence of VEGF in NOM, oral dysplasia and SCC. The correlation between VEGF expression and the grade of dysplasia or differentiation of SCC was also examined. Specimens consisting of NOM, oral dysplastic lesions and oral SCC were stained using standard immunohistochemistry methods to determine VEGF expression. Statistical analysis indicated an up-regulation of VEGF during the transition from NOM, through dysplasia to SCC. There was also a significant difference in expression according to differentiation of SCC, but not grade of dysplasia. As VEGF is a potent mediator of vascular development, these results suggest that VEGF may play an important role in the maintenance of a blood supply for developing pre-cancerous and invasive oral lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Amalgam associated mercury accumulations in normal oral mucosa, oral mucosal lesions of lichen planus and contact lesions associated with amalgam.

Fourty-three patients with oral mucosal lesions were divided into 3 groups based on the relationship between lesions and amalgam restorations. Group I consisted of patients with contact lesions confined to mucosal areas in contact with amalgam fillings. Group II patients had lichen planus lesions exceeding the area of contact with an amalgam filling and Group III comprised patients with lichen planus lesions without relation to amalgam fillings. Biopsies were embedded in epon and subjected to autometallography in order to demonstrate a possible accumulation of mercury in the affected mucosa. In 20 our of 21 patients in Group I, 4 of 11 patients in Group II and 4 of 11 patients in Group III, mercury was found in the lysosomes of macrophages and fibroblasts. In Group I the number of cells loaded with mercury was much higher than in Group II and in particular Group III. In the latter groups autometallographically demonstrated mercury was found almost exclusively in macrophages. Nineteen biopsies taken from patients with normal mucosa served as controls. Ten had occlusal (Group IV) and seven buccal fillings (Group V). The biopsies from the latter group were taken from areas opposing amalgam restorations. Two patients had no amalgam fillings (Group VI). The histochemical technique showed that three biopsies in Group IV (occlusal fillings only) and two in Group V (opposing buccal fillings) contained traces of mercury in the juxtaepithelial connective tissue. The silver enhanced mercury was found in macrophages. The two controls (Group VI) without amalgam fillings were devoid of precipitates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[The correlation analysis between frequency of micronucleated cells of exfoliated oral mucosa cells and oral mucosa cells in different grading of oral leukoplakia lesions].

OBJECTIVE: To provide evidence for using micronucleated cells of exfoliated oral mucosa cells in diagnosis and treatment of oral leukoplakias and chemopreventive studies of oral cancer. METHODS: Micronuclei of exfoliated oral mucosa cells and oral mucosa cells in 119 patients comprising 59 simple hyperplasia, 32 mild and moderate oral leukoplakia and 28 severe oral leukoplakia and oral squamous carcinoma by Feulgen stain method were examined, and micronuclei of exfoliated oral mucosa cells in 100 normal persons were also examined. RESULTS: Frequency of micronucleated cells of exfoliated oral mucosa cells in oral leukoplakia lesions was higher than that of normal persons. Frequency of micronucleated cells of exfoliated oral mucosa cells had a positive correlation with oral leukoplakia lesions(r = 0.9997, P < 0.001) and with frequency of micronucleated cells of oral mucosa cells (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Frequency of micronucleated cells of exfoliated oral mucosa cells are useful markers to the clinician to predict oral leukoplakia behaviour and prognosis and substitute for frequency of micronucleated cells of oral mucosa cells as intermediate endpoint in chemopreventive trials.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Demonstration of Epstein-Barr virus DNA and human papillomavirus DNA in acetowhite lesions of the penile skin and the oral mucosa.

Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL), thought to be caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), shows similar histological and clinical features to human papillomavirus (HPV)-related acetowhite lesions of the vulva. We thus aimed to investigate the role of both HPV and EBV in men with acetowhite lesions of the penis. HPV but not EBV was significantly associated with penile acetowhite lesions showing koilocytosis compared with normal penile skin (12/20 versus 5/20, P < 0.02). HPV (5/20) and EBV (6/20) was detected in oral mucosa of some of these individuals. These results confirm an aetiological association between HPV and acetowhite penile lesions showing koilocytosis. HPV and EBV carriage in the oral mucosa is relatively common in young sexually active men.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Total replacement of urethral mucosa with oral mucosa in dogs.

PURPOSE: If the urethral mucosa is replaced by another mucosa, urethral recurrence might decrease in patients who undergo neobladder construction for bladder cancer. We determined whether such replacement is possible. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six dogs underwent an operation consisting of a longitudinal urethral incision at its full length and immediate closure. In 6 other dogs, after the urethral mucosa was totally removed, a tubularized sublingual mucosa was closely set inside the urethral lumen. Postoperatively, the urinary stream and external meatus were observed every day. To measure urine leakage, a 10-minute pad test was performed once a month. All dogs were sacrificed 3 to 12 weeks after the operation for histological examination of the urethra. The excised urethras were examined with a 12F catheter for urethral patency. RESULTS: All dogs were continent postoperatively. The results of the 10-minute pad test showed no significant difference in the weight increase of the pad among the control, sham-operated and mucosa-replaced dogs. Urethral stricture developed in 1 mucosa-replaced dog. Histological examination revealed that all of the grafted oral mucosa survived in the urethra. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the urethral mucosa can be replaced by oral mucosa without damaging the continence mechanism in female dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Keratosis follicularis of the oral mucosa with oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Darier's disease or keratosis follicularis is a genodermatosis which may involve the oral mucosa. Malignant degeneration is rare. We report the first case of the combined manifestation of oral keratosis follicularis and oral squamous cell carcinoma and discuss the possible involvement of ATP2A2 (located in 12q23-24.1) which encodes the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATP isoform 2 (SERCA2), in the pathogenesis.

Calcium-Transporting ATPases↗
PubMed1997

Overexpression of p53 in normal oral mucosa of oral cancer patients does not necessarily predict further malignant disease.

Recent reports of p53 positivity in the normal mucosa of some head and neck cancer patients have been taken as evidence for field cancerization and hence a likelihood of the development of further tumours, yet few papers report the clinical significance of this finding through long-term follow-up. The immunohistochemical detection of p53 expression in clinically and histopathologically normal oral mucosa taken from the wound margin following excision of oral cancer was assessed using the polyclonal antibody CM1. Fresh frozen biopsies of normal oral mucosa and the corresponding tumour from 21 oral cancer patients and of normal mucosa from 25 non-cancer patients were assessed for p53 overexpression. The 'normal' mucosa was positive in 12 of the oral cancer patients and one of the non-cancer patients. Second malignant tumours were seen in patients from whom p53-positive 'normals' and p53-negative 'normals' were recorded. In five of the p53-positive 'normals', the corresponding cancer was p53-negative. In one case, where 'normal' mucosa was available from more than one site, one region was positive, whilst the other was negative. No obvious difference in age, tobacco use, or recurrence rate was seen between positive and negative cases. All patients who were still alive were reviewed for a minimum of 5 years. Using Fisher's exact test, no statistically significant difference was found for the rate of second malignant tumours occurring in patients with p53-positive compared with p53-negative normal mucosa. Thus, the detection of p53 in normal mucosa did not necessarily predict a further tumour.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of hydrogen peroxide rinses on the normal oral mucosa.

Oral mucosal effects of hydrogen peroxide mouth rinses were investigated in normal volunteers. Following a 2-week control period, 35 subjects were randomly assigned to rinse with either normal saline, 1/4-strength hydrogen peroxide (0.75%), or 1/2-strength hydrogen peroxide (1.5%), 4 times daily for 2 weeks. Mucosal status, buccal microbial adherence, salivary flow rate (SFR), and subjective reactions were assessed weekly. In the normal saline group, no significant changes were noted in any of the observed parameters and subjective reports were unremarkable. In both hydrogen peroxide groups, significant mucosal abnormalities were observed (p < 0.001) and subjective complaints were numerous. Bacterial adherence was significantly reduced in the 1/4 hydrogen peroxide group but not in the 1/2 hydrogen peroxide group. Despite reports of dry mouth, SFRs were not altered significantly. Since hydrogen peroxide rinses are associated with mucosal abnormalities and elicit overwhelmingly negative subjective reactions in normal individuals, they are not recommended for oral care.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Amelanotic malignant melanomas of the oral mucosa.

Oral amelanotic melanomas are rare and the prognosis is poorer than that of pigmented melanomas because of delays in establishing the correct diagnosis and in the initiation of treatment. Amelanotic forms are also thought to be biologically more aggressive than pigmented melanomas. We have seen three cases of oral amelanotic melanomas since 1970, in two of whom the diagnosis was long delayed. Two lesions were not pigmented but one had slight pigmentation. One patient simultaneously had both an amelanotic and a pigmented melanoma in the oral cavity. Lymph node metastases and distant metastases developed in all patients, two of whom eventually died of the disease. Early diagnosis by histological examination together with immunostaining with S100 and HMB-45 are the keys to improve survival for patients with amelanotic melanoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Epithelioid leiomyoma of the oral mucosa.

Oral leiomyomas are rare because of the paucity of smooth muscle in the mouth. The solid and vascular types are the most frequent variants. The purpose of this article is to present the pathologic features and differential diagnosis of an example of epithelioid leiomyoma. A 50-year-old woman presented with a small raised nonpainful polypoid lesion of unknown duration on the right buccal mucosa. The tumor was well demarcated and consisted of large epithelioid cells with distinct cytoplasmic borders, round to oval nuclei, and prominent nucleoli. A few mitoses (4 in 20 high power fields) were present. Scattered spindle cells were also seen. The cytoplasm was eosinophilic to amphophilic and showed frequent clearing and retraction. Small capillaries were identified and surrounded by neoplastic cells that gave the lesion an angiomyomatous appearance. Masson trichrome stain highlighted focally smooth muscle cells. Immunohistochemical evaluation revealed staining for vimentin, desmin, and muscle-specific actim.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1985

The pattern of distribution of laminin in neurogenic tumors, granular cell tumors, and nevi of the oral mucosa.

Oral tumors of presumably neuroectodermal origin were stained with anti-laminin antibody by a double layered immunofluorescence technique. A marked positive staining for laminin was found in neurofibromas and neurilemmomas although the pattern of laminin distribution was slightly different. Accentuated staining was seen in Verocay bodies. In granular cell myoblastomas (GCM), small groups of tumor cells were encircled by laminin-positive material, whereas individual tumor cells were unstained. In nevi, diffusely spread nevus cells were surrounded by a rim of laminin, whereas when arranged in nests whole groups of cells were encircled by laminin as seen in the GCM. Ordinary oral fibromas included as controls were negative except for the expected positive staining of basement membranes normally occurring in the tissues. Immunohistochemical demonstration of laminin seems to be a valuable aid in differential diagnosis of soft tissue tumors and may provide useful information about the pathogenesis of various lesions.

Basement Membrane↗
PubMed1992

Immunohistochemical detection of androgen receptors in human oral mucosa.

Oral mucosal biopsies from 11 healthy volunteers, 7 women and 4 men, were analysed for the localization of androgen, oestrogen and progesterone receptors. The samples were dissected as quickly as possible and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen to be stored at -70 degrees C. Only androgen receptors could be detected by the methods used. These were mainly located in the nuclei of basal epithelial cells, and to some extent in the nuclei of fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Failure in the localization of oestrogen and progesterone receptors might have been due either to low numbers of receptors or to the insensitivity of antibodies used. The method is thus suitable only for detecting androgen receptors.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Surgical treatment of premalignant lesions of the oral mucosa.

Oral premalignant lesions were treated by surgical excision in 61 patients. Criteria for inclusion in the study were epithelial dysplasia varying from slight to carcinoma in situ, or a non-dysplastic lesion located sublingually or on the tongue. The clinical diagnosis of the treated lesions were: erythroplakia 10, erythroleukoplakia 15, nodular leukoplakia 9, verrucous leukoplakia 9, homogeneous leukoplakia 13, and lichen planus 5. The surgically created defects were closed by direct approximation of the wound edges in 25 patients, transposition by a local mucosal flap in 9, covered with a free mucosal graft in 3, and by a free split skin transplant in 24 patients. The patients have been followed for an average period of 3.9 years after the operation. A recurrence rate of 20% was found, and 3 carcinomas developed in the follow-up period. The importance of using a surgical technique permitting histological examination of the entire lesion was documented by the finding of 4 superficial carcinomas in the excision specimen, undiagnosed in the preoperative biopsy.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Immunolocalization of c-Fos and c-Jun in human oral mucosa and in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Studies have addressed the relevance of c-Jun and c-Fos proteins in cancer development. In the present study, the expression of c-Jun and c-Fos, the major components of transcription factor activator protein (AP1), were evaluated to determine possible alterations to these factors in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS: Fifteen cases of normal oral mucosa and 20 cases of OSCC were retrieved from the Archives of the Surgical Pathology Service at the University of São Paulo. The samples of normal oral mucosa or OSCC originated from different oral mucosal sites. Tissues were submitted for immunohistochemical analysis to detect c-Jun and c-Fos proteins. The OSCC was classified as well, intermediate or poorly differentiated. RESULTS: The results showed that both c-Jun and c-Fos are expressed in normal oral mucosa and in OSCC. In normal mucosa, immunoreactivity for c-Jun was detected in the cytoplasm of the upper basal layers, while in OSCC, c-Jun was detected in the nuclei of the cells. C-Fos expression was observed in the nuclei of cells, both in normal mucosa and in OSCC, but its expression varied according to the cell layer in normal mucosa, and the differentiation of OSCC. CONCLUSIONS: The nuclear expression of c-Jun in OSCC, in contrast to its cytoplasmic expression in normal oral mucosa, indicates that c-Jun may have a role in the development of oral cancer. In contrast, the absence of both c-Jun and c-Fos in poorly differentiated carcinoma might be useful in understanding the cell cycle events important in uncontrolled cell growth.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗