SEARCH · Search PubMed
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
We have developed a scleral-indentor-illuminator which, when combined with indirect ophthalmoscopy, gives better visualization of some choroidal lesions than conventional ophthalmoscopy. The thin, angulated probe tip allows for extreme posterior placement.
A retinal drawing teaching model for indirect ophthalmoscopy is described. It can be made simply and inexpensively to help reduce some of the frustrations inherent in learning retinal drawing and indirect ophthalmoscopy.
The developement of chalcosis bulbi in rabbits' eyes is investigated by ophthalmoscopy, electroretinography, and diagnostic x-ray spectrometry (DXS), a new method for in vivo analysis and quantitation of metals. The DXS is shown to provide an effective method for the early detection of intraocular foreign bodies (IOFB) dissolution. The ophthalmoscopic changes observed in chalcosis are discussed in relation to dissolution of IOFB and electroretinographic findings.
Scleral depression with binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy will be easier to learn if the examiner observes the patient's pupillary reflex through the ophthalmoscope without looking through the hand-held condensing lens. When the tip of the scleral depressor is properly positioned the pupillary reflex will darken slightly. If the condensing lens is then moved into position the actual scleral depression will be visible.
In an experiment designed to simulate an excessively prolonged clinical examination, seven human eyes were exposed to light focused through a 20-diopter, aspheric condensing lens for 30 to 45 minutes. Three eyes contained primary malignant tumors of the choroid and were enucleated 1 1/2 to 4 1/2 days after light exposure. Follow-up data on four blind eyes with clear media were evaluated 15 to 36 months after light exposure. Concentrated prolonged light exposure used in this experiment caused grossly visible progressive corneal edema, along with significant discomfort to the patient. Even with light exposures sufficient to cause these complications of the anterior segment, retinal injury was recognizable only with electron microscopy and was characterized by irregular bending and twisting of the outer segments of the photoreceptors, changes that are considered reversible in nonhuman primate studies. Intermediate to long-term follow-up of 15 to 36 months after light exposure to blind eyes failed to reveal lens changes or delayed light-induced degenerative changes in the retina recognizable by ophthalmoscopy, fundus biomicroscopy, or color and fluorescein fundus photography.
The statistical comparison of two collectivs of patients showed, that with routine use of indrect binocular ophthalmoscopy and renunciation of drainage of the subretinal fluid (49% of the cases) the curing rate of the cases which were operated with a combination of cryopexie and plombage raised from 75% to 96%. Even the results of visual acuity improved.
The combination of a high minus setting of the ophthalmoscope and an extra positive lens in front of the patient's eye forms a Galilean telescope that increases magnification in direct ophthalmoscopy. The telescope magnification equals the ratio between objective and ocular focal lengths.
The appearance of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (PRNFL) is crucial in the evaluation of patients with presumed optic neuropathies as well as in the differentiation of true optic disc edema from pseudopapilledema. Monochromatic (red-free) photography performed at 2 + magnification with a Zeiss fundus camera, a filter with maximum transmission at 540 nm, and Kodak Plus-X black-and-white film provides excellent PRNFL detail. Since direct ophthalmoscopy depends upon maximum illumination, which in turn depends upon increased color temperature of the light source, use of a direct ophthalmoscope with a gas-surrounded tungsten filament light source driven at 4.5 V raises color temperature sufficiently to allow practical use of monochromatic, red-free filters for optimum PRNFL evaluation.
A simple teaching pointer has been devised for use with the indirect ophthalmoscope. A bristle is attached to a thimble that is placed on the thumb of the hand not holding the indirect lens. It can be used with or without scleral depression to define specific retinal lesions.
Anatomical details in the ocular fundus can be seen with increased contrast when appropriate monochromatic illumination is used. This technique permits more accurate visualization and documentation than can be achieved with white light. This article reports the optimal spectral ranges for visualization of the different fundus structures. It describes and illustrates the appearance of individual structures and areas of the fundus under different spectral illuminations. There is a detailed discussion of the optical properties of the fundus layers that provides a background for interpreting the data and a baseline for examination of pathologic conditions.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
We devised a new binocular indirect ophthalmoscope and a complimentary examination technique that provide enhanced fundus magnification and optimum stereopsis through a wide range of patient pupillary apertures. The lightweight, mechanically simple instrument uses a variable focus Galilean telescopic observation system to enlarge the condensing lens image of the fundus seen by the examiner. The present device is capable of about X 1.5 fundus magnification with negligible stereopsis through a 20-mm patient pupil, continuously increasing to X 8.5 with greatly enhanced stereopsis through an 8-mm pupil. A zoom focusing capability considerably extends the magnification, stereopsis, and small pupip penetrating characteristics of a given condensing lens by allowing the examiner to binocularly observe the telescopically magnified fundus image throughout the 30-cm to 60-cm focusing range of the ophthalmoscope.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
The authors have developed a direct ophthalmoscope with simultaneous television transmission. The ophthalmoscope is used clinically for student as well as postgraduate teaching and for intercollegial discussion of retinal changes which give rise to differential diagnostic difficulties.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.