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11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Eye lesions, blindness and visual impairment in the Taraba river valley, Nigeria and their relation to onchocercal microfilariae in skin.

2876 persons in fourteen communities in the Taraba River Valley, Nigeria were examined for eye lesions and tested for visual acuity using the 'tumbling E'. The individuals were also examined for microfilaria of Onchocerca volvulus. More than one-tenth of the population were blind, while another 16.1% had visual impairment. The prevalence of blindness was in excess of 20% in six communities, with one community recording 71.9% blindness rate. All forms of visual involvement increased with age but were similar between sexes. Eye lesions were related to the level of vision. Both eye lesions and vision deteriorate with increase in age. Vision seems to worsen with increase in prevalence and intensity of O. volvulus. Large microfilarial loads were associated with severe eye damage and blindness. These findings indicate that the Taraba river valley could be one of West Africa's worst foci of onchocercal blindness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Multidrug therapy and eye disease in leprosy: a cross-sectional study in the People's Republic of China.

BACKGROUND: Factors associated with leprosy-related eye disease in a multidrug therapy (MDT) treated population in China were assessed to determine if status prior to inclusion in the MDT programme (newly diagnosed leprosy patient or leprosy patient on prior dapsone monotherapy) contributed to the prevalence of ocular pathology. METHODS: Trained leprosy paramedical workers in Sichuan Province examined 974 leprosy patients in a standardized fashion. Univariate analyses and multiple logistic regression were used to assess the contribution of demographic and clinical parameters to leprosy-related eye disease. RESULTS: In both groups (prior dapsone and new MDT) leprosy-related eye disease was associated with a longer distance to leprosy health worker or health centre. Among patients with a history of prior dapsone monotherapy, age and duration on dapsone monotherapy were also associated with leprosy-related ocular morbidity. Among newly diagnosed leprosy patients the prevalence of ocular morbidity remained between 8% and 11% regardless of when the patient started MDT. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that, even when case detection is good, ocular pathology will still occur in MDT treated leprosy patients. There remains an important role for health workers in the prevention of ocular morbidity. Our data also demonstrated that pooling of results from all patients (newly diagnosed and on prior dapsone monotherapy) in a leprosy control programme will likely give rise to inadequate estimates of risk of ocular disease due to variable clinical disease histories in these groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Prevalence and distribution of trachoma in the Luapula Valley, Zambia.

A cross-sectional population based study was done to provide information on the extent to which xerophthalmia and trachoma contribute to blindness in the valley population. A total of 4271 children aged under 6 years and 2503 individuals aged 6 years and more were examined. The overall prevalence of trachoma for those under 6 years of age was 17.6%, the majority of which were graded as follicular trachomatous inflammation. The trend in age specific prevalence was highly significant (x2 = 160.6, p = 0.000). Prevalence by sex was also significantly different (z = 2.0, P less than 0.05). Among those aged greater or equal to 6 years, 331 (13.2%) had trachoma. Complications of trachoma (trichiasis and opacities) were common in this age group compared to those under 6 years of age. There were no differences in prevalence by district either in children or adults. This survey provides some of the first reliable data on prevalence of trachoma in this population and that it is a significant public health problem in the valley. The magnitude of severe complications from trachoma is low in this community, this may mean that the trachoma seen is the non-blinding type. We conclude that trachoma is of public health importance in the valley but is not a major cause of blindness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Pre- and postconception factors associated with sporadic heritable and nonheritable retinoblastoma.

A matched case-control study of retinoblastoma was conducted by the Children's Cancer Study Group (CCSG) to investigate the hypotheses that postconception exposures affect the risk of the nonheritable (post-zygotic origin) form of this disease and that preconception exposures affect the risk of the sporadic heritable (prezygotic origin) form. Eligible cases were those patients with retinoblastoma diagnosed in 1982-1985 at any of the CCSG member hospitals. Cases were classified as familial heritable, sporadic heritable, or nonheritable based on family history, tumor laterality, and cytogenetic analysis. Telephone interviews of parents of 201 cases and their pair-matched controls selected by random digit dialing were completed. Analysis of possible risk factors for the 67 sporadic heritable cases and the 115 nonheritable cases was performed. (The 19 familial cases were excluded). For the nonheritable group, gestational exposure to X-ray [odds ratio (OR) = 2.3, P = 0.08] and morning sickness medication (OR = 2.8, P = 0.02) and low maternal educational level (OR = 5.5, P = 0.03) were associated with increased risk; anemia (OR = 0.3, P = 0.02) and multivitamin use (OR = 0.4, P = 0.03) during pregnancy and periconceptional use of barrier contraceptive (OR = 0.1, P = 0.02) or spermicide (OR = 0.2, P = 0.02) were associated with decreased risk. In the sporadic heritable group, observations included a negative association with multivitamins during pregnancy (OR = 0.2, P = 0.02) and nonsignificant positive associations with preconception gonadal X-ray (maternal, OR = 2.0, P = 0.30; paternal, OR = 1.8, P = 0.42) and older parental age (case-control difference 1.0-1.2 years, P = 0.24-0.27). Many of the associations support study hypotheses, although the possibility of recall bias and chance findings suggest cautious interpretation.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1985

[Cataracts].

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Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Peripheral uveitis in three children of one family.

Peripheral uveitis presenting in three siblings is described. The course and response to treatment in each youngster is detailed. Periocular and local corticosteroid therapy was effective. Etiologic evaluation and immunologic surveys proved unrewarding. Ophthalmological evaluation of families seems warranted following the detection of peripheral uveitis in any of its members.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1978

[Inner ear disturbance following long-term usage of hormonal contraceptives (author's transl)].

Four cases of either unilateral or bilateral irreversible hearing loss are reported in young women following long-term usage of hormonal contraceptives. Two different forms of the hearing disturbance and their causes are described, taking into consideration related neurological, medical and ophthalmologic literature. From this material, guidelines for clinical practise are proposed.

Adult↗