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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Attitudes of different groups of women in Sweden to oocyte donation and oocyte research.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate attitudes of Swedish women towards oocyte donation and oocyte research. METHODS: Five different groups of women, with approximately 50 patients in each, were asked anonymously about their attitudes to legislation, tentative roles as donors or recipients, anonymity, suitable donors or recipients, research on fetuses and cadavers as a source of oocytes, age limits and economic aspects. The groups were: 1. Women undergoing IVF treatment (IVF). 2. Infertile women during work-up (INF). 3. Recently delivered women attending a maternity unit (MAT). 4. Women attending a family planning center applying for therapeutic abortion (FPC). 5. Women with Turner's syndrome (TUR). RESULTS: More than 90% of women in all groups investigated advocated amendment of the law in order to permit oocyte donation. The women of infertile groups were more in favor of donating oocytes compared to women of fertile groups (p<0.05). A great majority would prefer anonymity both if they were donors and if they were recipients. If no anonymity was guaranteed, the acceptance of both the donor and recipient groups decreased but more than half of the women in all groups would still donate/accept oocytes. There was a significant difference in attitude towards non-anonymous oocyte donation, with the highest acceptance among Turner patients and the lowest among IVF patients (p<0.01). A majority in all groups were more motivated to donate/accept oocytes from a close relative, with the exception of Turner patients (p<0.01). All groups had a negative attitude to the use of donated fetuses and cadavers as sources of oocytes. IVF patients, close relatives and volunteers were all regarded as suitable donors by a majority of women in all groups. Women of fertile age, with ovarian failure or a genetic disorder, were accepted as recipients by all groups. Postmenopausal women were not accepted as recipients by a great majority in all groups. All groups preferred an age limit for recipients. More than 70% set the limit to the interval 40 to 45 years of age. A majority in all groups believed that donors should be paid to cover medication and loss of income. The recipients were expected, by a majority of women, to pay for some of the costs of the oocyte donation program. CONCLUSIONS: A great majority wanted a change in the Swedish legislation to permit oocyte donation. All groups had a generous attitude to donation of oocytes although anonymity would be preferred. Ovarian dysfunction and genetic disorders among women of fertile age were regarded as major indications for oocyte donation. IVF patients, close relatives and volunteers were all regarded as acceptable donors.

Abortion, Therapeutic↗
PubMed2006

British women's attitudes towards oocyte donation: ethnic differences and altruism.

OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the importance of altruism and willingness to donate oocytes in British Asian and Caucasian samples. The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) was used to test the importance of attitudes towards oocyte donation, normative and control beliefs to attitudes to donate oocytes. METHOD: One hundred and one participants (55% Asian, 45% Caucasian) completed questionnaires measuring altruism and attitudes to Oocyte donation. There were no socio-demographic differences between ethnic groups. RESULTS: Few women were willing to donate oocytes, Asian women were least likely to donate oocytes, and altruism was not related to willingness to donate. Forty-one participants considered themselves 'possible' oocyte donors and 54 as definite 'non' donors. Possible donors reported significantly more positive attitudes towards egg donation; asking women to donate under various circumstances; to the consequences of donating their eggs; positively experiencing egg donation and to factors that would induce women to donate. Subjective norms and behavioural control also influenced intention to donate. CONCLUSION: A number of components of the TPB were able to predict possible oocyte donation, and non-oocyte donation. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: This study provides some empirical support for specific factors influencing cultural differences in gamete donation in the UK. A future culturally appropriate targeted approach to donation education could redress the present imbalance in supply and demand of gametes in infertility treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Legal aspects of oocyte donation].

Oocytes donation is managed by two bioethic french laws. We will have a look at the enforcement of these in comparaison with their non specificity.

Ethics, Medical↗
PubMed2002

Oocyte donation.

Oocyte donation affords women with ovarian failure, advanced reproductive age, heritable conditions or recurrent implantation failure the ability to conceive. Recipients must be medically screened carefully prior to attempting pregnancy. Egg donors should also be healthy and pose no infectious or genetic risk to the recipient or offspring. Donor and recipient menstrual cycles are synchronized so that embryos are transferred to a receptive endometrium. Donors are prescribed injectible gonadotrophins to achieve multifollicular growth. Recipient endometrial priming begins with 2 weeks (or more) of oestradiol, with progesterone added to the regimen 3-4 days prior to the transfer of embryos. Pregnancy rates following egg donation are among the highest observed following assisted reproduction. Despite advanced reproductive age, perinatal and obstetric outcomes are generally good. Techniques (i.e. germinal vesicle transfer, donor ooplasm, and ovarian cryopreservation and transplantation techniques) may permit the recipient to provide some genetic contribution to offspring and are currently under investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

A qualitative follow-up study of women's experiences with oocyte donation.

Oocyte donation is growing at an exponential rate. Currently, thousands of women donate each year. The health services that donors receive deserve evaluation. Thirty-three former donors were recruited from IVF clinics, a matching agency, the Internet, advertisements, and word of mouth. In-depth interviews were conducted to learn what motivated the donation, to determine how satisfied donors were with the experience and what issues played a role in donor satisfaction, and to identify recommendations to improve the process. None of the participants regretted their decision to donate, but they were not always completely satisfied with the donation experience. The physical process, compensation, quality of medical care, and level of involvement in the process were the primary factors that affected satisfaction. Matching agencies and IVF clinics may improve donor satisfaction by: minimizing trips to the clinic; using protocols that limit the number of intramuscular injections; reducing the risk of hyperstimulation syndrome; providing follow-up care; reimbursing for expenses such as lost work, travel, and child care; separating direct reimbursements from 'income' to decrease the amount of taxes donors must pay on compensation; treating donors with respect and appreciation; and informing them about the outcome. Improved donor satisfaction is likely to improve donor recruitment and retention.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Triplet pregnancy after oocyte donation in women 46 years of age and older: three case reports.

PURPOSE: Presentation of three triplet pregnancies achieved in women 46 years of age and older with the use of donated oocytes. MATERIAL & METHODS: Two healthy perimenopausal women 46 and 48 years old and one healthy menopausal woman 48 years old, requesting fertility options. All of them followed oocyte donation programs resulting in triplet pregnancy. Maternal as well as perinatal complications, mode of delivery and birth weight are reported. RESULTS: Three triplet pregnancies were achieved using donated oocytes. Prenatal diagnosis was reassuring. Preterm rupture of membranes, preterm labor and gestational diabetes complicated the pregnancies. Cesarean section was the mode of delivery for all the cases giving birth to nine healthy neonates weighing between 1,130 and 2,450 g. No postpartum complications were encountered. CONCLUSIONS: Triplet pregnancies achieved with the use of donated oocytes at a very advanced maternal age represent high-risk obstetrical cases. Cautious prenatal evaluation of maternal health and intensive antenatal surveillance are imperative principles allowing the most favorable outcome of these pregnancies.

Cesarean Section↗
PubMed2002

Pregnancies after oocyte donation in women with ovarian failure caused by an inactivating mutation in the follicle stimulating hormone receptor.

BACKGROUND: An inactivating point mutation (Ala189Val) in the FSH receptor (FSHR) causes primary ovarian failure. It has not been known if FSH action is necessary during pregnancy and childbirth. METHODS: In 1991-2001, donated oocytes were used to treat the infertility of 12 women with ovarian failure due to this mutation. RESULTS: When 30 fresh and 15 frozen-thawed embryo transfers were performed, 14 clinical and two biochemical pregnancies resulted. To date, 12 children have been born to eight women, while one pregnancy ended in miscarriage. Three women had twin pregnancies, and one woman has delivered twice. Additionally, there are three ongoing pregnancies, of which two are second pregnancies of women who previously had a normal delivery after similar treatment. In all, 10 out of the 12 women became pregnant. Two deliveries were by Caesarean section. The rate of complications was comparable with that in pregnancies resulting from oocyte donation in general. CONCLUSIONS: Achieving and undergoing a successful pregnancy is possible when FSH action is severely decreased. Oocyte donation is an effective infertility treatment for women with FSHR mutations.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Pregnancy following oocyte donation and tubal embryo transfer in patients with premature ovarian failure: report of two cases.

Two pregnancies in patients with premature ovarian failure utilizing donated oocytes, in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and tubal embryo transfer (TET), are reported. The recipients received cyclic hormone replacement therapy for six months to prepare the endometrium for implantation. An evaluation cycle was tested to document that the hormone milieu established by the hormone replacement protocol was similar to that of a natural ovulatory cycle. During the oocyte donation cycle, the recipient received incremental estrogen replacement treatment of flexible length during the follicular phase of the donor's stimulated cycle to synchronize the recipient's endometrium to the donor's embryo. Concurrently, the donor underwent controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and transvaginal ultrasound-guided oocyte retrieval. After fertilization of the donated oocytes with sperm from the recipient's husband and cleavage of the fertilized oocytes into the 2- to 4-cell stage, laparoscopic embryo transfer into the recipient's fallopian tube was performed. Case 1 received 4 embryos by the TET procedure. Pregnancy was confirmed by visualization of a gestational sac in the uterine cavity 3 weeks after TET, but miscarriage occurred at the tenth gestational week. In Case 2, the pregnancy was established after TET of 2 embryos. Estrogen and progesterone supplements were maintained until day 100 after TET. The patient delivered a healthy male baby, weighing 2,520 g at 38 weeks of gestation.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Different implantation rates after transfers of cryopreserved embryos originating from donated oocytes or from regular in vitro fertilization.

Most oocyte donation programs have experienced higher pregnancy rates than usually seen in regular in vitro fertilization (IVF), suggesting that the quality of either the oocytes or the endometrium is superior. To clarify this issue we analyzed the results of transfers of 136 cryopreserved embryos originating either from donated oocytes (18 transfers) or from regular IVF (118 transfers). Transfers of embryos originating from donated oocytes took place after administrating oral estradiol (E2) valerate and vaginal micronized progesterone (P) following a regimen designed to mimic the serum levels of E2 and P observed during the menstrual cycle. Transfers of embryos originating from regular IVF took place either in the natural cycle (53 transfers) or after suppressing ovarian function with a single injection of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a), Decapeptyl-Retard 3.75 mg, and administering the same hormone replacement regimen (E2/P) used in oocyte donation (65 transfers). Eighteen transfers involving 24 embryos originating from donated oocytes were affected, resulting in six pregnancies (4 ongoing). The ongoing pregnancy rate per transfer was 22%. Seventy-nine embryos originating from regular IVF were transferred (53 transfers) in the natural cycle resulting in six pregnancies (2 ongoing). One hundred three other embryos originating from regular IVF were transferred (65 transfers) after administration of GnRH-a and E2/P resulting in four pregnancies. The pregnancy rate after transfers of embryos originating from regular IVF was 9% per transfer. This was significantly less than the pregnancy rate of 33% per transfer seen after the transfers of embryos originating from donated oocytes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Pregnancy rate in an oocyte donation program.

Oocyte donation programs offer an alternative treatment for infertile women with ovarian failure or abnormal ovarian function. Seventeen cycles of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer with donated oocytes were performed in 13 women, with a mean age of 34.8 years. The hormonal replacement therapy consisted of a fixed dose of oral estradiol valerate, 6 mg daily, and intramuscular progesterone in oil, 100 mg daily. Estrogen and progesterone were continued for 10 more weeks after embryo transfer if pregnancy was established. After 13 embryo transfers, 8 pregnancies were obtained, for a pregnancy rate per transfer of 61.5%. Today seven pregnancies are progressing normally, including one set of twins. This results suggest that an oocyte donation program using a fixed and simple hormonal replacement therapy is an adequate treatment for these infertile couples.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Efficacy of oocytes donated by older women in an oocyte donation programme.

Population and insemination studies indicate that women experience declining fertility with ageing. The question therefore arises whether older women are suitable oocyte donors. This study addresses this issue by examining the relationship between oocyte donor age and clinical outcome in a large oocyte donation programme. We retrospectively reviewed data from 458 consecutive oocyte donation cycles completed by 164 different designated oocyte donors. Data were divided into two groups: group A, cycles with donors aged 21-30 years at the time of follicular aspiration (193 cycles, 88 donors); and group B, cycles with donors aged 31-40 years at the time of follicular aspiration (265 cycles, 86 donors). Five donors, because of ageing during repetitive donations, contributed data to groups A and B. In a given cycle, all oocytes for a recipient came from only one designated donor. Comparing the two donor groups, there was no difference in the amount of gonadotrophin used to achieve optimal stimulation; however, more oocytes were obtained from group A than group B donors (16.8 +/- 6.9 and 15.1 +/- 8.1 respectively, P < 0.05). Similar percentages of oocytes were fertilized in each group, resulting in the transfer of comparable numbers of embryos (4.5 +/- 1.1 and 4.4 +/- 1.3 respectively). Comparable clinical pregnancy rates were achieved (group A, 36%; group B, 37%). The spontaneous abortion rates were also similar (group A, 20%; group B, 12%), resulting in comparable ongoing and delivered pregnancy rates per cycle (group A, 29%; group B, 32%) and per embryo transferred (group A, 6.4%; group B, 7.3%). In conclusion, women of proven fertility should not be excluded from donating oocytes simply because of their age. There exists a cohort of fertile women who resist the decreasing fecundity and increasing spontaneous abortion rates associated with ageing. With careful screening, many women of proven fertility can donate oocytes until the age of 40 years with an efficacy equal to that of younger women. Given the relative shortage of suitable oocyte donors, and increasing requests from recipients with previous donor oocyte babies to obtain oocytes from the same, now older, donor, the findings of this study are of practical clinical importance.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Results of oocyte donation in France (Study Group on Oocyte Donation)].

The French study group on oocyte donation, named GEDO, reports the results concerning the oocyte donation activity in France during 1998, including information from all the centers in effective operation except one. These data describe the recipients' and donors' situation and give the analysis of the results obtained.

Female↗
PubMed1991

Consecutive pregnancies in a menopausal woman following oocyte donation.

A second pregnancy was successfully achieved by a menopausal women who had previously conceived and delivered an infant using donated oocytes. The same nonanonymous oocyte donor provided the gametes for both procedures. Prior to embryo transfer, the functionally agonadal recipient received exogenous steroid hormone replacement therapy. Both pregnancies followed the transfer of 5 embryos which were conceived by the in vitro fertilization of the donated oocytes with the recipient husband's sperm. The first pregnancy ended with an intrauterine fetal demise at 40 weeks gestation. The second pregnancy is proceeding unremarkably.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Oocyte and embryo quality after coasting: the experience from oocyte donation.

BACKGROUND: Oocyte donation provides us with an opportunity to study the clinical outcome of oocytes, retrieved from women undergoing coasting, in recipients in whom endometrial receptivity is unaltered by the coasting procedure. Thus, our aim was to describe oocyte donation outcome in donors undergoing coasting, the oocyte and embryo quality obtained from these cycles, and to determine the influence of coasting duration in the cycle outcome. METHODS: Matched-paired analysis included 15 oocyte donors with high response to ovarian stimulation and submitted to coasting and 15 oocyte donors with normal response to ovarian stimulation and not undergoing coasting. There were 38 oocyte recipients who shared oocytes from the donors under coasting and 37 from donors not undergoing coasting. RESULTS: Both groups of donors were comparable in terms of days and dose of ovarian stimulation, oocytes retrieved, metaphase II oocytes obtained, and in the appearance of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Both groups of oocyte recipients were comparable in male-associated factor, pregnancy and implantation rates, as well as in embryo quality. Recipients from donors with coasting for >4 days had significantly lower implantation and pregnancy rates. CONCLUSIONS: the outcome of oocyte donation from donors undergoing coasting is not impaired, as good implantation and pregnancy rates are achieved. Embryo quality, according to our current standards, does not seem to be compromised by coasting itself. However, if coasting in oocyte donors is prolonged for >4 days there is a significant decrease in both implantation and pregnancy rates.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Uterine receptivity in an oocyte donation programme.

Oocyte donation is a useful model for the assessment of potential factors affecting implantation since embryos generated are from younger oocytes than in in-vitro fertilization programmes and are therefore expected to have higher and more consistent implantation rates. Transvaginal sonographic measurement of endometrial thickness, echogenic pattern and uterine artery impedance, measured as pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI), were retrospectively compared in 99 recipient women following 117 fresh embryo transfers that resulted in 51 conception cycles and 66 non-conception cycles. The prevalence of a multilayered echogenic pattern was significantly greater (91.2%) in conception than in non-conception (44.4%) cycles. No differences in endometrial thickness, PI or RI were observed between conception and non-conception cycles. However, no pregnancy occurred when the PI was > or = 3.4 (sensitivity 100%). The number of days or cumulative dose of oestrogen intake and the serum oestradiol concentration prior to progesterone administration were not different in the multilayered pattern versus other echogenic pattern groups. The data show that it may be beneficial to await achievement of a PI < 3.4 and a multilayered pattern endometrium prior to embryo transfer in an oocyte donation programme.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Parents' knowledge about the donors and their attitudes toward disclosure in oocyte donation.

BACKGROUND: Oocyte donation is a popular treatment option among women with ovarian dysfunction. Little is known about the amount of information recipients have about their donors and if the amount of information the couple has relates to their plans to disclose. The purpose of this study was to assess the amount of information recipients had about their donors and their disclosure plans. METHODS: Sixty-two sets of oocyte donation parents from five programmes completed a self-report questionnaire. RESULTS: Ninety percent of both men and women knew their donor's age, ethnicity, hair colour, eye colour, height, weight, education and medical history. Significantly more women than men told others about using a donor to conceive, but two-thirds of women and men would not tell others if they had to do it over again. Fifty-nine percent of women and 52% of men planned to or had told their child; 34% of women and 41% of men do not plan to tell. The amount of information known about the donor was related to plans to tell the child for men only. CONCLUSION: Approximately half of couples plan to tell their child of their oocyte donor origin and a majority have told others but many regret having done so. Knowledge about the donor is related to disclosure for men only.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

The impact of age on reproductive potential: lessons learned from oocyte donation.

OBJECTIVE: Oocyte donation allows a unique opportunity to separately study the effect of aging on uterine receptivity and oocyte quality. The purpose of this report is to review the published experience on reproductive aging in both laboratory animals and humans as it pertains to oocyte and embryo donation. METHODS: A review of the published medical literature. RESULTS: Natural fertility rates decline in most animals with age, becoming dramatically apparent in women as they enter the fifth decade of life. By the time of the perimenopause, pregnancy rarely occurs, whether or not assisted reproductive techniques are initiated. However, if oocytes are donated by young women to older women, both embryo implantation and pregnancy rates are restored to normal levels in recipients. CONCLUSIONS: These results strongly suggest the pregnancy wastage experienced by older women is largely a result of degenerative changes within the aging oocyte, rather than senescent changes in the uterus. The poor prognosis for fertility in older women can be reversed through oocyte donation from younger individuals.

Age Distribution↗