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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Exposure to onion taste in mother's milk leads to enhanced preference for onion diet among weanling rats.

Five mothers of 50 newborn rat pups were maintained on either standard lab chow or a diet composed of the same chow with onion powder added. Taste preference tests administered during weaning indicated that the pups whose mother was fed the onion chow showed a preference for onion diet, but that such preference dissipated across the five day testing period. A control group of pups who were exposed to any onion diet cues available through channels other than the mother's milk did not show a preference for onion diet. It was concluded that exposure to onion taste in mother's milk was responsible for an initial preference for onion diet.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1987

Antiasthmatic effects of onions. Inhibition of platelet-activating factor-induced bronchial obstruction by onion oils.

Lyophilized onion extract and ether extracts of onions were separated by chromatographic methods into several subfractions and tested for their effects on asthmatic reactions of guinea pigs to allergen, histamine, acetylcholine and platelet-activating factor (PAF) inhalation as well as on thromboxane biosynthesis of human platelets and lung fibroblasts. Onion oils are counteracting the bronchial obstruction due to PAF inhalation.

Allium↗
PubMed1977

Effect of essential oil of onion and garlic on experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits.

The effects of the essential oils of onion (extracted from 2 g of raw onion per kg body weight) and garlic (extracted from 1 g of raw garlic per kg body weight) have been observed on experimental atherosclerosis produced by cholesterol feeding (0.5 g/kg) in rabbits. The rise in serum cholesterol and serum triglycerides was significantly reduced by both onion and garlic during the 4-month period of study. Cholesterol feeding significantly increased beta-(P less than 0.01) and pre-beta (P less than 0.001) lipoproteins while decreasing the alpha-fraction (P less than 0.001). Onion and garlic both prevented these changes. The beta/alpha ratio, which was initially 1.6 : 1, rose to 4.5 : 1 and 5.7 : 1 at the end of 2 months and 4 months of cholesterol feeding. However, this ratio did not increase significantly, both at the 2-month and 4-month period, when onion and garlic were added. Fibrinolytic activity significantly increased with onion (P less than 0.001) and garlic (P less than 0.001) while feeding only cholesterol actually decreased it (P less than 0.001). Onion and garlic reducec aortic atheroma by about half. It is suggested that the essential oils of onion and garlic protect against experimental atherosclerosis by preventing the fall in the alpha lipoprotein fraction and by enhancing fibrinolytic activity, as well as by lowering the serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Hematologic effects and feeding performance in cattle fed cull domestic onions (Allium cepa).

For 119 days, 36 cattle, allotted to 6 treatment groups, were fed a balanced growth diet containing 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, or 25% cull onions on a dry-matter basis. Cattle performance was comparable to that associated with barley-base non-onion diet; statistical differences were not observed among treatments. During the first 28 days of the study, reduction in numbers of RBC, hemoglobin concentration, and PCV was observed in all cattle fed onions, but clinical anemia was not seen in any individual animal. After onion feeding was discontinued at 119 days, RBC numbers, hemoglobin concentration, and PCV returned to baseline values within 30 days. Heinz bodies were detected in erythrocytes of all cattle fed onions, and the percentage was proportional to the amount of onions consumed. Addictive onion consumption was prevented by mixing chopped or crushed onions in a total balanced ration.

Allium↗
PubMed1990

The effect of raw onions on acid reflux and reflux symptoms.

Patients with gastroesophageal reflux often describe heartburn after "spicy meals." One ingredient common to most such meals is onion. We investigated the effects of onion on acid reflux and reflux symptoms in 16 normal subjects and 16 heartburn subjects. Subjects were studied with an esophageal pH probe for 2 h after the ingestion of a plain hamburger and a glass of ice water. The identical meal, with the addition of a slice of onion, was ingested on a counterbalanced day. Variables measured were number of reflux episodes, percentage of the time pH was less than four, heartburn episodes, and belches. Ingestion of onions did not increase any of the reflux variables measured in normals. However, onions significantly increased all measures in heartburn subjects, compared with the no-onion condition, and compared with normals under the onion condition. Onions can be a potent and long-lasting refluxogenic agent in heartburn patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Effects of onion extract on the development of hamster buccal pouch carcinomas as expressed in tumor burden.

One-hundred male, young-adult Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) were divided into five equal groups of 20 animals each. Groups 1, 2, and 3 were painted three times a week in the left buccal pouches with a 0.5% solution of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in mineral oil. Group 1 animals also received a 20% onion extract in their drinking water and were also painted in left buccal pouches three times a week with a 50% onion extract in mineral oil. Group 2 animals received the onion extract in their drinking water, but they received only mineral oil in buccal pouches as a control for the painting with onion extract in mineral oil. Group 3 animals received DMBA but no onion extract. Group 4 animals received onion extract but no DMBA, and Group 5 animals were left untreated. Onion extract was found to significantly delay tumor formation in Groups 1 and 2 compared with Group 3 DMBA controls.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1986

Onion exerts antiaggregatory effects by altering arachidonic acid metabolism in platelets.

In vitro effects of an oily extract of onion were examined on the metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) in human platelets. Onion was found to reduce the formation of thromboxane and lipoxygenase products from exogenous arachidonic acid in platelets; it did not inhibit the incorporation of AA into platelet phospholipids. While not affecting the platelet phospholipase activity it did reduce the formation of thromboxane B2 and lipoxygenase products in platelets that were prelabelled with arachidonic acid and then activated by A23187. This suggests that onion inhibits the formation of AA metabolites by exerting its effect at steps later than the liberation of AA. With concentrations of onion extract producing abolition of AA-induced aggregation, only partial inhibition of aggregation was observed with ADP- and epinephrine-induced aggregation. Onion did not inhibit A23187 induced aggregation. The results suggest that inhibition of platelet aggregation by onion is mediated largely by its effect on platelet thromboxane production.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1990

Inhibition of DMBA-induced mouse skin tumorigenesis by garlic oil and inhibition of two tumor-promotion stages by garlic and onion oils.

A single 2-mg dose of garlic oil applied 30 minutes before a single carcinogenic dose of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]-anthracene (DMBA) inhibited papilloma production in Sencar mice. The three groups were controls (Group 1), garlic oil applied 30 minutes before DMBA (Group 2), and garlic oil applied 30 minutes after DMBA (Group 3). The percents of mice with papillomas at 20 weeks were 94, 72, and 79, respectively. The decreases in Groups 2 and 3 were significant. The number of papillomas per mouse was 4.2 +/- 0.5 (Group 1), 2.3 +/- 0.8 (Group 2), and 3.4 +/- 0.6 (Group 3). The decrease in Group 2 was significant. A single 5-mg dose of garlic oil maximally inhibited DMBA-induced epidermal DNA synthesis by 86% when applied two hours before the carcinogen. Two-stage promotion in DMBA-initiated Sencar mice was achieved by twice-weekly applications of 8.5 nmol of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) for 2 weeks followed by twice-weekly applications of 8.5 nmol of mezerein for 18 weeks. The oils were applied 30 minutes after each promotion by TPA or mezerein. Single doses of 1 mg onion or garlic oil inhibited the first and second stages of promotion. The groups used were control (Group 1), garlic oil applied after stage 1 (Group 2), onion oil applied after stage 1 (Group 3), propenyl sulfide applied after stage 1 (Group 4), garlic oil applied after stage 2 (Group 5), onion oil applied after stage 2 (Group 6), and propenyl sulfide applied after stage 2 (Group 7). The percent of mice with papillomas was significantly decreased by all agents in Groups 2-7. The data are 81, 83, 91, 68, 96, and 86, respectively. The number of papillomas per mouse was significantly reduced by onion and garlic oils but not by propenyl sulfide. The data are 9.4 +/- 0.8, 6.3 +/- 0.7, 7.4 +/- 0.5, 9.2 +/- 1.2, 3.7 +/- 0.9, 6.2 +/- 0.6, and 9.1 +/- 1.4 for Groups 1-7, respectively. Onion and garlic oils inhibited the TPA-stimulated DNA synthesis when given as single doses of 5 mg one hour before TPA. The inhibition by garlic oil was most effective when given one hour before TPA but was evident when given from two hours before to two hours after TPA. These results, and those of others (AS Sadhana, Cancer Lett, 40, 193-197, 1988), who obtained inhibition of initiation, indicate that onion and garlic oils inhibit all stages of mouse skin tumorigenesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1991

Onion bulb formation in the initial complex of neurons in human dorsal root ganglion: their significance and alterations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

We have demonstrated onion bulb-like structures in human dorsal root ganglia (DRG). These onion bulbs morphologically consist of non-continuous layers of supporting-cell cytoplasms that encase thinly myelinated axons and are immunocytochemically recognized by anti-S-100 protein and anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein antibodies. These structures are present in normal controls and preferentially involve the initial complex of the large, light, neurofilament-rich neurons. The number of onion bulbs and their average number of lamellae reach a peak in the third decade and then decline. In three cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the onion bulbs involve non-myelinated axons as well as the thinly myelinated portion of the initial complex and are increased both in frequency and in average number of lamellae. Our studies suggest that these onion bulbs represent a normal biological process of DRG neurons that may be accentuated in ALS.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The protective action of essential oils of onion and garlic in cholesterol-fed rabbits.

The effects of the essential oils of onion and garlic have been investigated in cholesterol-fed rabbits and have been compared with the effects of clofibrate. The marked rise in serum cholesterol and blood coagulability that followed 3 months of cholesterol feeding (0.2 g/kg/day) was significantly reduced by the essential oils of both onion and garlic. Fibrinolytic activity was actually increased even above the normal control levels. The essential oils of onion and garlic (equivalent to 1 g/kg/day of raw bulbs) proved more effective than clofibrate in the usual clinical dose of 33 mg/kg/day. Garlic was even more effective than onion. Cholesterol feeding increased the average lipid content of aorta from 5.95 to 13.75 mg/100 mg dry weight. With addition of clofibrate, onion or garlic the values were 7.79, 6.23 and 5.28 mg/100 ml, respectively. Thus it can be seen that the essential oils effectively prevent lipid acculation in the rabbit oarta.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of the essential oils of garlic and onion on alimentary hyperlipemia.

SUMMARY: The effect of garlic and onion on alimentary hyperlipemia, induced by feeding 100 g butter, has been studied in 10 healthy subjects. The freshly extracted juice of 50 g of garlic or onion, as well as an equivalent amount of their ether-extracted essential oils, was administered randomly on four different days during a one-week period. Garlic and onion have a significant protective action against fat-induced increases in serum cholesterol and plasma fibrinogen and decreases in coagulation time and fibrinolytic activity. The essential oil fraction, which contains all the taste and odour, exactly duplicated the beneficial effects of whole garlic and onion. It is, therefore, concluded that the active principle of garlic and onion is the essential oil, which chemically is a combination of sulphur-containing compounds, mainly allyl propyl disulphide and diallyl disulphide.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Papilloma and carcinoma production in DMBA-initiated, onion oil-promoted mouse skin.

Groups of 20 females Ha/ICR mice were initiated with 25 micrograms 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and promoted one week later with topical treatments three times per week of 5 micrograms phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and/or onion oil or garlic oil. Promotion was continued for 49 weeks in most experiments. Promotion was continued for 60 weeks in the experiment that evaluated the effect of time intervals between PMA and garlic oil. All experiments were conducted with 0.2 ml acetone solutions of agents. Onion oil, but not garlic oil, was a weak promoter in mouse skin. A 1-mg dose produced five papillomas in three mice and one carcinoma in 330 days (18 survivors). The 10-mg dose was more effective; it produced cumulative yields of 56 papillomas in 14 mice and 7 carcinomas in 4 mice in 345 days (14 survivors). Onion oil is neither an initiator nor a whole carcinogen. The effects of intervals between PMA and a 1-mg dose of onion or garlic oil were determined. These intervals were -2 hrs, -1 hr, -0.5 hr, +0.5 hr, +1 hr, and +2 hrs with respect to time of PMA application. Maximal inhibition of papillomas by onion oil was observed at the +0.5-hr interval and was similar to that previously reported. Garlic oil is not a promoter. It inhibited papillomas at the +0.5-hr, +1.0-hr, and +2.0-hr intervals but did not appear to affect carcinoma production.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1985

Experimental onion-induced hemolytic anemia in dogs.

Within one day following a single oral dose of dehydrated onions, dogs were found to have large numbers of Heinz bodies within erythrocytes. The percentage of erythrocytes that contained Heinz bodies increased slightly to a maximum on day 3 and then declined. The turbidity index increased more gradually with a maximal value on day 4. Erythrocytes with hemoglobin contracted to one side of the cell (eccentrocytes) also appeared after onion feeding. Eccentrocytes are believed to result from a direct injury to the erythrocyte membrane. As with Heinz body-containing cells, the percentages of eccentrocytes present declined as anemia developed. The packed cell volume began to decrease one day after onion administration. A mean decrease of 19 percentage points was reached by day 5. The most anemic dogs had evidence of intravascular hemolysis. Reticulocytosis was first observed five days after onion administration. A slight increase in methemoglobin content was measured four hours after onion administration. No significant changes in erythrocyte reduced glutathione concentration were measured. Transient neutrophilia occurred concomitant with the peak reticulocyte response.

Anemia, Hemolytic↗
PubMed1991

[Effect of the time of ethrel use on the sugar levels in onions].

Two groups of onion plants were treated with Ethrel on two different dates; onions were then stored, and the changes in their sugar contents were compared. Two onion cultivars: Czerniakowska and Wolska, were investigated in simple sugar contents between treated onions (on the I and II date) and untreated controls. Mean contents of simple sugars were lower in onions treated on the I date, as compared with the II date. Ethrel treatment (on the I and II date) caused a decrease in oligosugar contents; this drop amounted, respectively, for the Czerniakowska cultivar to 14.3 and 15.4% and for the Wolska cultivar to 15.8 and 18.8%. Ethrel treatment, as compared with control, significantly decreased total sugar contents; this decrease was for the Czerniakowska cultivar 4.8-7.6%, and for the Wolska cultivar 7.2-7.6%. The date of Ethrel treatment exerted no univocal effect on the decrease in oligosugars and total sugars.

Allium↗
PubMed1989

Effect of intracerebrally injected aminophylline, vinpocetinum, vasoactive intestinal peptide and onion extract on breathing pattern of rats.

Aminophylline or VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide) given ip. or iv. have marked bronchodilatory effects. The onion extracts protect guinea pigs as well as human patients against allergen-induced bronchial spasms (Dorsch et al.). Recently it has been shown that lipophilic components of onions seem to be responsible for the antiasthmatic effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of intracerebrally injected aminophylline (3 microM), Vinpocetinum (0.1 mg/kg), VIP (5 micrograms) and onion oils (30 microliters of extracts) on the respiratory center and on the resistance of lower airways of rats. The following respiratory parameters were evaluated: respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume (VT), mean inspiratory flow (Vin), respiratory minute volume (VE), and dynamic lung resistance (R). Respiratory rate was increased and values of all the other parameters were decreased after aminophylline treatment. VIP increased the tidal volume, minute ventilation and the respiratory drive. After injection of onion extracts the respiratory rate and the dynamic lung resistance decreased, but the tidal volume increased. The beneficial effects of onion oil are manifested not only peripherally acting on bronchial smooth muscle but via the reflexogenic pathways.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1988

Histologic findings in two very small intracanalicular solitary schwannomas of the eighth nerve: II. "Onion bulbs".

An "onion bulb" is a descriptive histologic term referring to concentric layers of Schwann cell processes about a myelinated nerve fiber. Between the layers of Schwann cells are increased amounts of longitudinally oriented collagen fibers. It is thought that onion bulbs form as a result of sequential segmental demyelination and remyelination attempts. This process can become so severe that the myelinated fiber loses its myelin and ultimately degenerates; however, many fibers remain viable and thinly myelinated. The physiologic effect of "onion bulbs" is to markedly decrease conduction velocity in the fiber affected. In the auditory system, incompletely myelinated cochlear nerve fibers in the infant and in patients with multiple sclerosis show delays of the auditory evoked potential latencies and psychoacoustic retrocochlear patterns. No anatomic substrate has been identified for these auditory tests patterns in the acoustic tumor (solitary schwannoma of the eighth nerve). Two very small intracanalicular acoustic tumors were resected en bloc with the nerve of origin, serially sectioned, stained for neural tissue, and studied by light microscopy. In both tumors, histologic findings consistent with onion bulb formation were discovered about some of the myelinated nerve fibers found deeply incorporated in the tumor mass. These findings suggest that demyelination, perhaps with the formation of onion bulbs, may be a histopathologic correlate for retrocochlear dysfunction seen in acoustic tumors.

Cranial Nerve Neoplasms↗