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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[The inventors of the obstetric forceps and the obstetric lever].

A multiple lineage is proposed for the invention of the obstetric forceps. Having been conceived by a member of the Chamberlen family in fifteenth- or seventeenth-century England, the instrument seems to have been reinvented in Flanders by Jan Palfyn and in Holland by Rogier Roonhuyse. Later, Roonhuyse invented a more effective instrument for coping with the impacted head: the obstetric lever. Palfyn's "Iron Hands" inspired Dussé to produce the "French" forceps which bears his name.

Belgium↗
PubMed1992

Contralateral occipital depression related to obstetric forceps injury to the eye.

Obstetric forceps pressure strong enough to leave a periorbital depression and corneal injury would probably be severe enough to leave an occipital depression from the opposite forceps blade. The presence of a depression at the correct occipital position would support the diagnosis of forceps injury when the birth history is unknown and the cornea has decompensated enough to make observation of the Descemet's membrane scrolls difficult. We studied six patients with known or suspected obstetric forceps injury to the cornea. Complete ocular examinations included examination for periorbital forceps depressions and posterior skull depressions 180 degrees from the affected cornea (which correlates with the opposite blade of the forceps). All of the patients with Descemet's scrolls had posterior skull depressions. This method of palpation for a contralateral skull depression may assist in the diagnosis of forceps-induced corneal decompensation.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[A new obstetric forceps: the Bamberger divergent forceps (author's transl)].

A new obstetric forceps is presented which has been used since April 1975 in 52 cases for outlet forceps deliveries. The model is a divergent forceps with the rotational axis in the posterior 1/3. The forceps is applied as usual. The shanks do not cross. The distance between the blades is variable by a mechanism in the handle with an automatic stopping mechanism. Pressure on the fetal head is largely avoided. Our experience has shown that this forceps has advantages over the types of forceps in common usage.

Female↗
PubMed1977

[Mechanical action of obstetrical forceps on the fetal skull].

By means of schematic illustrations we demonstrate the working point of the power of labour, obstetrical forceps and vacuum extractor, The bones of the fetal skull are by sutures movable fastened together. Every extraction so will rise the intracranial pressure of the fetus, because the resistance of the birth canal tissues must be overcome. This for the extraction needed power and rising of the intracranial pressure is independent from the instrument with which the extraction is carried out. It is impossible to make a "cage" around the fetal head with the Shute forceps during extraction, to protect the fetal head from the extraction power. Another question is, that some instruments (included vacuum extractor) can limit the used power. By using forcipes with crossed lock without fixation the forces for extraction are not limited and there is a need of better operative technic. By the comparison of the forcipes from Shute, Naegele and Zweifel we can summarize, that for success is decided the indication and good operative technic and not the instrument. Every instrument for vaginal extraction has advantages and disadvantages in different obstetrical situations.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1975

[About the choice of extraction instrument for vaginal operative termination in vertex presentation (author's transl)].

The common separation of indications at the First University Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynecology in Vienna concerning the choice of extraction instrument in cases of operative termination of vaginal delivery out of vertex position is being demonstrated. When there is only a slight increase of resistance in the delivery mechanism, when the child is mature, when there is no attitude of deflexion, and where there is no real reason for a speedy termination of delivery, the vacuum extractor comes into use. In cases of child emergency, of considerable increase of delivery mechanism resistance, of immaturity and attitude of deflexion, an extraction by means of obstetrical forceps is performed. Out of 547 deliveries terminated by means of extraction the sub- and postpartal mortality amounted to 2,19%. The number of prematures (7,5%) in this material did not differ from the total delivery material of the clinic. After forceps extraction 5 out of 419 children (2,8%) died. After vacuum extraction one child out of 105 (0,95%) died. In 23 cases where obstetrical forceps had to be used after vacuum extraction 2 children died (8,7%). The morbidity of the children was measured by means of the Apgar Score and of the injury frequency. Here the two extraction methods showed no significant differencies. The combined application of both extraction instruments however, showed an increase of morbidity. Injuries of the mother were almost exclusively found after forceps extraction.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1976

[Frequency of obstetrical operations and perinatal mortality before and after admission of continuous fetal monitoring (author's transl)].

Two groups of obstetrical patients were statistically analyzed with a computer. The first group A (2339 deliveries, January 1967-June 1968) was controlled by conservative obstetrical methods, the second group B (2512 deliveries, January 1973-June 1974) was controlled by continuous monitoring of fetal heart rate and by analysis of fetal blood during labour. The results of the statistical analysis can be summarized: 1. The frequency of obstetrical operations (vacuum, obstetrical forceps, Caesarean section) increases from 12.8% (group A) to 22.5% (group B). 2. The percentage of Caesarean sections decided on for the sake of the child rose from 45.7% (group A) to 54.7% (group B). 3. Vital indications fell due to increasingly preventive obstetrics from 54.3% to 45.3%. 4. The frequency of Caesarean sections rose due to increasing indication "absolute or relative pelvic disproportion" of the mediterranean patients. 5. However the analysis of fetal blood during labour and the continuous monitoring of fetal heart rate has prevented a further increase of Caesarean sections. 6. The increasing percentage of obstetric forceps was due to our intention of preventing prolonged labour. 7. Maternal mortality after operative delivery reached 0.04% in group A and 0% in group B. 8. Perinatal mortality of children, delivered by operation, has decreased from 3.0% (group A) to 0,7% (group B). 9. The Apgar scores after operative deliveries were much better in group B (continuous fetal monitoring) than in group A (without fetal monitoring).

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1992

Vaginal foreign body extraction by forceps: a case report.

Cases in which foreign bodies have been inserted into the vagina are uncommon but do occur. The technique and use of obstetric forceps for the extraction of an orange as a vaginal foreign body is described in this case report. Tucker-McLane forceps are the forceps of choice for this technique in this case.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Variation in obstetric interventions by midwife.

This paper reports variation in birth interventions by 25 midwives among 2,135 births in a Finnish hospital. The rate of cesarean sections varied from 0 to 18%, and that of instrumental deliveries from 0 to 8%. Mother's and infant's characteristics and rates of vaginal breeches suggest that a low rate of cesarean sections was not explained only by selection to easy births. This study suggests that the skills, attitudes and routines of midwives may explain part of the variation found in birth interventions.

Cesarean Section↗
PubMed1976

[Characteristics of the course of pregnancy in women with heart defects].

In 33 patients with different forms of the cardiac valves lesion the specificity marking the course of atriomegalia was studied on the ground of clinical, roentgenological and functional findings. Unlike non-pregnant women with similar forms of the malady here intercurrent pulmonary hypertension during gestation was ascertained, this increasing the hazard of developing edema of the lungs. The authors give preference to delivery in these patients via natural maternal passages by employing the operation with application of obstetrical forceps.

Adult↗