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Results for “OVARIAN NEOPLASMS”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1987

Ovarian neoplasms, functional ovarian cysts, and oral contraceptives.

The incidence of ovarian neoplasms and functional ovarian cysts diagnosed at laparotomy or laparoscopy among the 17,000 women taking part in the Oxford Family Planning Association contraceptive study was investigated. Epithelial cancer of the ovary was only 25% as common among those who had ever taken oral contraceptives as those who had never done so (95% confidence interval 8% to 67%). There was little evidence of any important association between use of oral contraceptives and benign teratoma or cystadenoma. Functional cysts of the ovary occurred much less commonly in women who had recently (in the six months preceding diagnosis) taken combined oral contraceptives (but not in those who had taken progestogen only oral contraceptives) than in those who had never taken oral contraceptives or had taken them in the past. This protective effect was more pronounced for corpus luteum cysts (78% reduction; 95% confidence interval 47% to 93%) than for follicular cysts (49% reduction; 95% confidence interval 20% to 70%). It is estimated that about 28 (95% confidence interval 16 to 35) operations for functional ovarian cysts are avoided among every 100,000 women who take oral contraceptives each year.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Benign or malignant ovarian neoplasms and ovarian endometriomas.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To investigate clinical features and biologic behavior of ovarian cancer that might be closely related to endometrioma and/or endometriosis. DESIGN: Retrospective study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). SETTING: University hospital. PATIENTS: All 324 women who were operated for endometriomas and/or ovarian tumors 5 cm or greater in diameter between January 1988 and December 1997. INTERVENTION: One hundred twelve women underwent laparoscopic surgery and 212 had laparotomy. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: All tissues were evaluated histologically. Clinical examinations including ultrasound and serum tumor makers were performed in all patients preoperatively. No malignancies were found at laparoscopic surgery (76 endometriomas, 36 ovarian tumors). The frequency of endometriosis in benign, borderline malignant, and malignant tumors was 9.7%, 12.5%, and 11.4%, respectively. Endometriosis was present most frequently (40%) in women with endometrioid adenocarcinoma. It was present in 81 patients with endometriomas and 25 with ovarian neoplasms. Of these, nine women (8.5%) had malignant tumors, including borderline malignancy. Among patients with malignant tumors, those without endometriosis were significantly older (mean +/- SD age 54.9 +/- 16.2 yrs) than those with endometriosis elsewhere in the pelvis (45.9 +/- 8.9 yrs). CONCLUSION: Endometriosis may be closely related to ovarian tumors such as endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Surgeons should be aware of this possibility, and candidates for laparoscopic surgery should be carefully selected based on preoperative evaluations.

CA-125 Antigen↗
PubMed2001

[Clinicopathological features of malignant ovarian neoplasms arising from ovarian endometriosis: a report of 26 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To clarify the features of malignant ovarian neoplasms arising from ovarian endometriosis. METHODS: A total of 26 women with malignant ovarian neoplasms arising from ovarian endometriosis were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Dysmenorrhea and pelvic mass were the most common clinical features. Among 18 cases who underwent B-ultrasound or color doppler ultrasound examination, solid foci in the pelvic masses were found in 10 cases. The main histologic types of ovarian malignancy were endometrioid adenocarcinoma and clear cell carcinoma. Microscopically atypical endometriosis with the tumors were found in 15 cases. International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage: stage I 21(81%) cases, stage II 3(12%) cases, stage III 2 (8%) cases. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical diagnosis of malignant ovarian neoplasms arising from ovarian endometriosis in early stage is difficult, and B-ultrasound examination is more valuable for diagnosis. It is suggested that close serutiny of endometrial hyperplasia, cellular atypia and malignancy in ovarian endometriosis be essential to understand the origin and development of malignant neoplasms arising from ovarian endometriosis.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Synchronous and metachronous endocervical and ovarian neoplasms: evidence supporting interpretation of the ovarian neoplasms as metastatic endocervical adenocarcinomas simulating primary ovarian surface epithelial neoplasms.

The vast majority of endocervical adenocarcinomas are high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV)-related neoplasms, characterized by p16 expression and frequent loss of hormone receptor expression, which infrequently metastasize to the ovaries. We report 10 cases of endocervical adenocarcinomas with ovarian metastases in which the ovarian tumors simulated primary ovarian surface epithelial neoplasms. The presence of HPV DNA was assessed to determine whether the ovarian neoplasms were metastases or independent neoplasms. Immunohistochemistry for hormone receptors and p16 was also performed. The ovarian metastases presented concurrently with the primary endocervical tumors in 5 cases, subsequent to the endocervical tumors in 3 cases, and prior to diagnosis of the endocervical tumors in 2 cases. The ovarian tumors ranged in size from 2 to 30 cm, with tumors in 7 cases measuring 10 cm or greater. The ovarian tumors were unilateral in 8 cases and bilateral in 2. In all cases, the ovarian tumors were initially diagnosed as or thought to represent independent primary ovarian surface epithelial tumors (atypical proliferative [borderline] tumors or well-differentiated carcinomas of endometrioid or mucinous type). The endocervical tumors ranged in size from microscopic foci to 3 cm, with depth of invasion ranging from 0.2 to 1.5 cm; in 2 cases, the invasive foci qualified as microinvasive according to Federation Internationale de Gynecologie et d'Obstetrique staging criteria for cervical carcinoma. Adenocarcinoma in situ was identified in all tumors. In all cases, the paired endocervical and ovarian tumors contained identical HPV types. All evaluable tumors were diffusely positive for p16; and in 8 cases, there was absent or only limited expression of hormone receptors. Two of the minimally invasive endocervical tumors were initially interpreted as adenocarcinoma in situ and not recognized as unequivocally invasive even when evaluated in conjunction with the histologically identical ovarian tumors. HPV DNA detection in the ovarian tumors of 2 patients without known cervical disease led to discovery of occult cervical adenocarcinomas in those patients. Endocervical adenocarcinomas, including some qualifying as microinvasive, can metastasize to the ovaries and simulate primary ovarian surface epithelial neoplasms. The presence of HPV DNA in these ovarian tumors confirms that they are metastatic endocervical adenocarcinomas.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2003

International Collaborative Ovarian Neoplasm trial 1 and Adjuvant ChemoTherapy In Ovarian Neoplasm trial: two parallel randomized phase III trials of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with early-stage ovarian carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Adjuvant chemotherapy has been suggested as a possible strategy to improve survival in women with early-stage ovarian cancer; however, all randomized studies to date have been too small to answer this question reliably. METHODS: We performed a preplanned combined analysis of two parallel randomized clinical trials (International Collaborative Ovarian Neoplasm 1 [ICON1] and Adjuvant ChemoTherapy In Ovarian Neoplasm [ACTION]) in early-stage ovarian cancer that compared platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy with observation following surgery. Between November 1990 and January 2000, 925 patients (477 in ICON1 and 448 in ACTION) who had surgery for early-stage ovarian cancer were randomly assigned to receive platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy (n = 465) or observation (n = 460) until chemotherapy was indicated. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare overall and recurrence-free survival by treatment allocation. In subgroup analyses of pretreatment age, tumor stage, histologic cell type, and differentiation grade, the differences in relative size of effect were tested using a chi-square test for interaction or a chi-square test for trend. All tests of statistical significance were two-sided. RESULTS: After a median follow-up of over 4 years, 245 patients had died or had a recurrence (ICON1: 133, ACTION: 112). Overall survival at 5 years was 82% in the chemotherapy arm and 74% in the observation arm (difference = 8% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 2% to 12%]; hazard ratio [HR] = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.50 to 0.90; P =.008). Recurrence-free survival at 5 years was also better in the adjuvant chemotherapy arm than it was in the observation arm (76% versus 65%, difference = 11% [95% CI = 5% to 16%]; HR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.50 to 0.82; P =.001). Subgroup analyses provided no evidence of a difference in the size of effect of chemotherapy on survival in any pretreatment subcategory. CONCLUSIONS: Platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy improved overall survival and recurrence-free survival at 5 years in this combined group of patients with early-stage ovarian cancer defined by the inclusion criteria of the ICON1 and ACTION trials.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Soluble interleukin-2 receptor alpha is elevated in sera of patients with benign ovarian neoplasms and epithelial ovarian cancer.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have established that soluble interleukin-2 receptor alpha (sIL-2R alpha) levels are elevated in ascites and sera from individuals with advanced ovarian cancer (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics [FIGO] Stage III/IV). This study was undertaken to evaluate sIL-2R alpha levels in individuals with benign ovarian neoplasms and early stage ovarian cancer (FIGO Stage I/II). Comparison with CA 125 levels was performed to assess screening potential. METHODS: Sera from 92 healthy individuals, 61 with benign adnexal masses, 12 patients with FIGO Stage I/II ovarian cancers, and 27 patients with FIGO Stage III/IV ovarian cancers were assayed for sIL-2R alpha by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and CA 125 by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: The mean serum sIL-2R alpha levels for benign pelvic masses, and Stage I/II and Stage III/IV epithelial ovarian cancer were 1507 +/- 82, 1631 +/- 274, and 2596 +/- 384 U/ml, respectively. The difference between mean serum sIL-2R alpha levels in individuals with benign adnexal masses and Stage III/IV epithelial ovarian cancer was statistically significant (P < 0.05). In addition, of the four individuals with FIGO Stage I/II ovarian cancer who had CA125 levels below 35 U/ml, the accepted upper limit of normal, three patients had elevated serum sIL-2R alpha levels. Eleven of 12 patients (92%) with potentially curable Stage I/II disease had elevated serum levels of either sIL-2R alpha or CA125 and 8 of 12 (67%) had elevations of both sIL-2R alpha and CA125. Sensitivity and specificity of a combination of CA 125 and soluble IL-2R alpha were 88.5% and 27.1%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Soluble interleukin-2 receptor alpha levels do not appear to differentiate between benign adnexal lesions and early malignancy; however, measurement of sIL-2R alpha levels in combination with CA125 warrants further evaluation to determine if together they will identify individuals with Stages I and II ovarian cancer.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1985

Feline ovarian neoplasms.

Primary ovarian neoplasms from 22 cats were described. A single cat had tumors of epithelial origin--bilateral cystadenomas. Seven animals had germ cell tumors--dysgerminomas or teratomas; two cats had bilateral tumors. Fourteen animals had neoplasms of sex cord-stromal origin--granulosa cell tumors and interstitial gland tumors. Four cats with granulosa cell tumors had clinical evidence of hormonal disturbance.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Benign ovarian neoplasms.

Benign ovarian neoplasms have the capacity to undergo malignant change and are difficult to diagnose in the early stages. Although rarely life-threatening, they can cause patients considerable physical and psychological distress. This article explains the structure and function of the ovaries and why they sometimes undergo benign neoplastic change.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Cathepsins B and D activity and activity ratios in normal ovaries, benign ovarian neoplasms, and epithelial ovarian cancer.

OBJECTIVE: Cathepsins B (CB) and D (CD) belong to a family of proteases felt to be important in tumor metastasis and invasion. It has been suggested that both enzymes play a role the progression of epithelial ovarian cancer and they have been investigated as potential biomarkers for ovarian cancer. Our objective was to determine if activity ratios of these two isoforms might enhance their usefulness as biomarkers. METHODS: Ovarian cancer cell lines and snap-frozen archived tissue samples were sonicated and cathepsin activities were assayed fluorometrically with cathepsin-specific peptide substrates in combination with specific inhibitors. Tissue specimens were divided into four groups: normal ovary, benign neoplasm, early-stage (I/II) cancer, and late-stage (III/IV) cancer. Median CB and CD activity and the ratio of CB to CD (CB/CD) were compared using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. Nonparametric Spearman correlation was used to determine associations between CA-125 and cathepsin activity. Logistic regression was used to test the association between cathepsin activity and malignancy. RESULTS: In cell lines and tissue, CD activity remained relatively constant, while CB activity varied. CB activity was greatest in cancer tissue. Elevated serum CA-125 was associated with elevations in CB activity and CB/CD but not CD activity. Elevated CB activity and CB/CD as well as increasing CA-125 and age are all associated with malignancy. Multiple logistic regression shows that CB activity and age best predict malignancy status. CONCLUSIONS: CB activity is associated with invasive ovarian neoplasm. Our results do not suggest that the ratio of activity between CB and CD provides any additional information than CB activity alone. Both tissue CB activity and CB/CD activity ratios correlate with serum levels of CA-125; however there is no correlation between CD activity and CA-125.

Cathepsin B↗
PubMed2000

Hormonally Functional Ovarian Neoplasms.

Hormonally functional ovarian neoplasms are those tumors that secrete one or more hormones that are clinically manifested in the patient. The hormone production may have implications for the diagnosis, management or treatment of the patient. Hormonally functional ovarian neoplasms include tumors that belong to various histologic categories and produce a variety of hormonal effects. Functional ovarian tumors most commonly produce steroid hormones, and such tumors frequently belong in the sex cord-stromal and steroid cell categories. In addition, a wide variety of peptide hormones may be produced by ovarian tumors. Although in most instances the neoplastic cells themselves produce the hormones, a wide variety of tumors may induce their stroma to produce steroid hormones. The stroma of ovarian tumors is derived from the ovarian stroma and may, on occasion, resemble specialized ovarian stroma and its derivatives. Cells resembling luteinized stromal cells or luteinized theca cells may be present and appear to be responsible for the resultant hormone secretion.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Management of platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer, with particular reference to the International Collaboration in Ovarian Neoplasm-4/Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynakologische Onkologie Ovarian Cancer-2.2 trial.

Substantial progress has been made since the early 1990s regarding the treatment of patients with ovarian cancer. Those patients relapsing more than 6 months after platinum-based chemotherapy may benefit from repeat chemotherapy that includes carboplatin. When the treatment-free interval is >12 months, carboplatin combined with paclitaxel (or possibly another agent) is likely to provide a survival advantage compared with carboplatin monotherapy. Evidence to support this comes from the International Collaboration in Ovarian Neoplasm-4/Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynakologische Onkologie Ovarian Cancer-2.2 trial, a prospective randomized trial of 802 patients designed to assess the potential benefit of combining carboplatin with paclitaxel. One arm of the trial contained patients randomized to conventional platinum-based therapy, while those randomized to the second arm received a paclitaxel-platinum combination. There was a 7% increase in survival for paclitaxel-based treatment (2-year increase from 50% to 57%; P = 0.02) and a 10% increase in progression-free survival (1-year increase from 40% to 50% in favor of paclitaxel-based treatment; P = 0.0004). The major observed differences between the treatment arms in terms of toxicity were significant alopecia (25% versus 86% in arms 1 and 2, respectively), neurotoxicity (1% versus 20%), and hematologic toxicity (46% versus 29%). When the treatment-free interval was between 6 and 12 months, the extent of the benefit was less clear and further trials are certainly warranted.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Amylase elevation attributable to an ovarian neoplasm.

An ovarian carcinoma producing amylase-rich ascites and pleural effusions is reported; salivary type amylase was identified in tumor tissue. A variety of nonpancreatic diseases and tumors of lung, parotid, ovary, and other organs have been associated with elevated amylase in serum or body fluids. Amylase isoenzyme electrophoresis is of value in differentiating pancreatic from nonpancreatic sources of increased amylase.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Image-directed percutaneous FNAC of ovarian neoplasms.

Fine needle aspiration of ovarian neoplasms is a relatively less frequented area of diagnostic aspiration cytology. Hence, an attempt has been made in the present study to evaluate the current status of Image-directed percutaneous needle aspiration in ovarian neoplasms and to assess its value and limitations in the diagnosis and management of ovarian neoplasms. The present study involves 105 cases of ovarian neoplasms, which were assessed by ultrasound-guided FNAC. Only those cases with adequate material on aspiration and availability of cellblock or biopsy material following FNAC for correlative histopathological study were included in the study. The diagnostic accuracy of ovarian neoplasms in the present study was 89.85%, with a false negative rate of 4.76%. Considering the rapidity and reliability of the procedure with its added advantages like cost-effectiveness and increased patient acceptability, it can be concluded that image-guided FNAC holds a key position in the diagnosis and management of ovarian neoplasms.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1966

The nature and classification of ovarian neoplasms.

The classification of ovarian neoplasms on a histogenetic basis according to presentday concepts of development and structure of the ovary is considered. There are four histogenetic categories of primary ovarian tumours: neoplasms of germ cell origin, neoplasms of celomic (germinal) epithelium and its derivatives, neoplasms of specialized gonadal stroma (sex cords and mesenchyme), and neoplasms of non-specialized gonadal stromal and heterotopic elements. In patients of all ages, 70% of ovarian neoplasms were of celomic epithelial origin, 16% of germ-cell origin, 5% of specialized gonadal stromal origin, and 9% arose from the non-specialized stroma and heterotopic elements. Before 20 years of age, 59% of ovarian neoplasms were of germ cell origin and before puberty they accounted for 90% of all ovarian tumours. The different structural types of neoplasms within the four categories are described. Accurate classification of ovarian neoplasms on a histogenetic basis is stressed if proper treatment is to be given and intelligent assessment of end results is to be made.

Adenocarcinoma↗