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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Periprosthetic ossifications of the hip: role of the duration of postoperative indomethacin therapy in the prevention of ossifications and role of screwed acetabulum in the occurrence of ossification].

After showing, as many others did, in an article published in 1987, that indomethacin administered immediately after surgery and for about 3 weeks at a dose of 75 mg/day effectively protected THA against heterotopic ossification, the authors have searched whether treatment duration could be reduced, and to investigate the existence of risk factors other than those classically known. They studied the prevalence of heterotopic ossification in two groups of THA with known risks of ossification, one with one-week prophylaxis, the other with two-week prophylaxis using Indomethacin. The results obtained were compared with a third group of THA performed during the same period, which presented no known risk of ossification and were not treated with indomethacin, and with the THAs of the initial study, where indomethacin had been administered for 3 weeks. Occurrence of heterotopic ossification was equally prevented by an 8-day course and by a longer one. No etiological, radiological or pathological risk factor other than those described in 1987 were fund (with all due caution given to hips re-operated on that had not ossified the first time): in contrast, the type or acetabular cup appears to have some influence on the occurrence of HO: uncemented prosthesis clearly favours ossification.

Acetabulum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of sex and age on the ossification of the collateral cartilages of the distal phalanx of the Finnhorse and the relationships between ossification and body size and type of horse.

The ossification of the collateral cartilages of the distal phalanx was evaluated in dorsopalmar radiographs of the front feet of 202 Finnhorses (101 females and 101 males, aged six months to 20 years) with reference to the sex, age, body measurements and type of horse. Ossification was more common and more extensive in females than in males from about two years of age. In females, the lateral cartilages were significantly more ossified than the medial cartilages; in males, ossification was more symmetrical in the cartilages of each foot. The amount of ossification increased rapidly during the second and third years of life, and more slowly in adults. The low positive correlation coefficients between ossification and different body measurements of the horse suggested that there was more ossification in large horses, and the correlation between chest-width in adults and the extent of ossification was statistically significant. The working type of horses showed slightly more ossification than trotters and riding horses. Ossification variables, which included ossification at both the base of the cartilage and at the possible separate centres of ossification (total ossification of individual cartilages and "possibly significant' ossification in the front feet), were found to be most satisfactory for expressing the extent of ossification.

Aging↗
PubMed1997

Orthotopic ossification of the spinal ligaments of Zucker fatty rats: a possible animal model for ossification of the human posterior longitudinal ligament.

Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament is a human genetic disease in which pathological ectopic ossification of the spinal ligaments develops. This leads to myelopathy or radiculopathy due to compression of the spinal cord. In this study, we investigated the histological features of orthotopic ossification of the spinal ligaments of senile Zucker fatty rats. A remarkably high incidence of orthotopic ossification was observed mainly in the thoracic spinal ligaments as compared with controls. The histopathological findings were similar to those for ossification of the human posterior longitudinal ligament. Bone morphogenetic proteins and activins, which exert their effects by way of specific type-I and type-II serine/threonine kinase receptors, play important roles in the formation of bone and cartilage. In the spinal ligaments of Zucker fatty rats, bone morphogenetic protein receptors and activin receptors were immunohistochemically detected around the ossified foci in a manner similar to that previously shown for the ossified tissue from patients who had ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. Thus, bone morphogenetic proteins and activin receptors might play important roles in orthotopic ossification of the spinal ligaments of Zucker fatty rats as well as in ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of humans. In addition, bone morphogenetic protein-receptor-IA was expressed in the nonossified ligament, suggesting that the spinal ligaments, of the rats may have a predisposition to orthotopic ossification. In the controls, no expression of bone morphogenetic protein receptors or of activin receptors was observed. In conclusion, there is a great degree of similarity between orthotopic ossification of the spinal ligaments of Zucker fatty rats and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of humans. Thus, the rats provide a useful animal model for the study of ossification of the human posterior longitudinal ligament.

Activin Receptors↗
PubMed2001

Isolation of novel mouse genes associated with ectopic ossification by differential display method using ttw, a mouse model for ectopic ossification.

Mouse mutant ttw (tiptoe walking) is an excellent model for ectopic ossification. This mutant exhibits ossification in various soft tissues, which is histologically similar to human OPLL (ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine). We previously reported that ttw is caused by a nonsense mutation of the nucleotide pyrophosphatase (ENPP1) gene, and that a polymorphism of the human ENPP1 gene is associated with OPLL. These facts indicate that ENPP1 regulates ectopic ossification in vivo; however, the mechanism is unclear. ENPP1 is an ectoenzyme that generates phosphate (Pi) and pyrophosphate (PPi). PPi is a strong inhibitor of ossification. Abnormal Pi metabolism is observed in patients with OPLL, and diseases with abnormal Pi metabolism such as hypophosphatemic rickets are frequently complicated by ectopic ossification. These lines of evidence suggest Pi-PPi metabolism associated with ENPP1 may play an important role in regulation of ectopic ossification. To clarify the molecular mechanism of ectopic ossification in ttw, we examined the effect of dietary phosphate and calcium on the ttw phenotype and found a high dietary phosphate-accelerated ectopic ossification. Then we examined genes associated with the enhanced ossification in ttw on a high phosphate diet by a differential display method. We identified nine mouse genes; six genes were up-regulated by the high phosphate diet, and three were down-regulated. Six of the nine genes were novel and we cloned and characterized them. Two of the genes were highly specific to cartilage, suggesting their specific role in enchondral ossification. Our identification of the novel genes would give novel insight into the mechanism of ectopic ossification and etiology of OPLL.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Periarticular ossification at the elbow joint and meniscal ossification in the stifle joint of pigs--occurrence, pathomorphology, breed differences and correlations with osteochondrosis, leg weakness and production parameters.

The occurrence, pathomorphology, and possibly impact of periarticular ossification at the elbow joint and meniscal ossification in the stifle joint are described. A total of 4029 boars of the Landrace and Yorkshire breeds were performance tested and examined radiologically. Periarticular ossification at the elbow joint was found in radiographs at a prevalence of 0.9%. Meniscal ossification was seen as single or multiple foci at the cranial aspect of the joint at a prevalence of 2.6%, and had a bilateral occurrence in 20%. Significant breed differences (P < 0.001) were found for both joint processes. The meniscal ossifications were associated with hindlegs turned out (abduction) (P < 0.001) and stiff locomotion in the rear (P < 0.001), and were negatively (adversely) associated with growth rate (P < 0.01). The periarticular osseous foci were seen as focal firm swellings at the craniomedial aspect of the elbow joint. The meniscal ossifications were observed as single or multiple small, smooth, firm, and irregular swellings in the cranial horn of only the lateral meniscus. The histomorphology of both types of ossifications was similar. Centrally, they were made up by osseous trabeculae. The trabeculae might contain clusters of chondrocytes. Between the trabeculae, which were lined with flat osteoblasts, adipocytes were present. The osseous centre was encircled by mineralized cartilage that blended into more or less fibrous cartilage. However, towards the joint cavity the meniscal ossifications were covered by hyaline cartilage.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Ossification of the ligamentum flavum in the cervicothoracic junction: case report on ossification found on both sides of the lamina.

STUDY DESIGN: A case of ossification on both sides of the ligamentum flavum in the cervicothoracic junction is described. OBJECTIVES: To review the pathology associated with ossification of the ligamentum flavum in the spine and its incidence at the cervicothoracic junction. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The literature on the common sites for ossification of the ligamentum flavum is reviewed. No report described ossification on the outer surface of the ligament presenting as ossification nodules on the medial side of the apophyseal joint. METHODS: The clinical, radiographic, and pathologic features associated with ossification of the ligamentum flavum are presented. The ossified ligament grew into nodular masses on both surfaces: posterolaterally on the medial surface of the apophyseal joint and anteromedially on the undersurface of the lamina. The masses were connected by a film of elastic fibers from the remnant ligamentum flavum. RESULTS: The symptoms and physical signs of cervical myelopathy improved after laminectomy and removal of the ossified ligament. There was no recurrence. CONCLUSION: The reported case adds to the literature on the pathology associated with ossification of the spinal ligaments.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Ossification in the human calcaneus: a model for spatial bone development and ossification.

Perichondral bone, the circumferential grooves of Ranvier and cartilage canals are features of endochondral bone development. Cartilage canals containing connective tissue and blood vessels are found in the epiphysis of long bones and in cartilaginous anlagen of small and irregular bones. The pattern of cartilage canals seems to be integral to bone development and ossification. The canals may be concerned with the nourishment of large masses of cartilage, but neither their role in the formation of ossification centres nor their interaction with the circumferential grooves of Ranvier has been established. The relationships between cartilage canals, perichondral bone and the ossification centre were studied in the calcaneus of 9 to 38-wk-old human fetuses, by use of epoxy resin embedding, three-dimensional computer reconstructions and immunhistochemistry on paraffin sections. We found that cartilage canals are regularly arranged in shells surrounding the ossification centre. Whereas most of the shell canals might be involved in the nourishment of the cartilage, the inner shell is directly connected with the perichondral ossification groove of Ranvier and with large vessels from outside. In this way the inner shell canal imports extracellular matrix, cells and vessels into the cartilage. With the so-called communicating canals it is also connected to the endochondral ossification centre to which it delivers extracellular matrix, cells and vessels. The communicating canals can be considered as inverted 'internal' ossification grooves. They seem to be responsible for both build up intramembranous osteoid and for the direction of growth and thereby for orientation of the ossication centre.

Calcaneus↗
PubMed1996

Appearance of ossification centers of the lower arm, wrist, lower leg, and ankle in immature orangutans and chimpanzees with an assessment of the relationship of ossification to dental development.

This study examines the appearance of the secondary ossification centers in the lower arms, wrists, lower legs, and ankles of a cross-sectional sample of 20 infant orangutans and chimpanzees (15 of known age). The number of tarsal and carpal centers is analyzed relative to the degree of M1 development and the weight of individual animals. Variation in the appearance of these ossification centers is discussed relative to these variables and others. In addition, a sequence of appearance is established for the carpal and tarsal ossification centers in the orangutan and data is presented on the status of these centers in a fetal and newborn gorilla. Study results indicate that 1) there is variation in the number of secondary epiphyses present in animals of similar ages; 2) tarsal ossification is completed prior to carpal ossification in the orangutan; 3) there are indications of a relationship between weight and the number of ossification centers present in animals of similar age; and 4) there appears to be no evidence of specific relationships between carpal and tarsal development and M1 development.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Histological study on the ossification of the yellow ligament in the thoracolumbar spines of the cadavers. Especially on the early stage of the ossification].

The occurrence process of ossification of the yellow ligament (OYL) was studied radiographically and histologically by using the thoracolumbar spines of the cadavers taken out as en bloc. The subjects were from 44 to 89 years at age (average 66.1 years). After taking roentgenographs, the specimens were sectioned sagittally for histological observations with H-E stain, elastica.van-Gieson stain, safranin-O stain and alcian blue stain. The findings were as follows. 1. Roentgenographically, OYL was evidently found in 6 cases with average age of 71.5 years, while not found in 4 cases with average age of 58.0 years. OYL was more frequently recognized in elderly cadavers. This fact is presumed to be one of the physiological aging processes. 2. Histologically, ossification was found to start in the superior margin of the lamina. Ligament fibers of the yellow ligament attached to the bone tissue piercing through the uncalcified cartilage zone, tide mark and calcified cartilage zone in order. This structure is called enthesis. In the early stage of ossification, cartilage zone became wide being followed by endochondral ossification. Elastic fibers in the cartilage zone became sparse and fine granular calcification was focally found in the uncalcified cartilage zone. Then, these changes also occurred in the ligamentous attachment of the superior lamina, but they were more evident in the superior margin of the inferior lamina. 3. In the advanced stage of ossification, there were a widening of tide mark and an increase of chondrocytes in number. Linear calcified deposits were observed along the ligamentous fibers. Elastic fibers were reduced in the cartilage zone, enlarged and deranged.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Ossification processes and perichondral ossification groove of Ranvier: a morphological study in developing human calcaneus and talus.

In this histologic-radiologic investigation of 32 feet of 16 fetuses and newborns ranging in age from 15 to 44 weeks, two types of ossification, i.e., endochondral ossification through primary ossification center and intramembraneous ossification through periosteal bone formation (PBF), were found to coexist in both calcaneus and talus. In addition, Ranvier's grooves (RG), or perichondral ossification groove, also was observed as a shallow, saucer-like or semicircular structure. As with PBFs, there are three and two RGs in the calcaneus and talus, respectively. RG and PBF appeared in time order and were located regularly in the concave areas of the adult calcaneus and talus. The findings support the hypothesis that one function of PBF and RG is to limit the growth of the calcaneus and talus. Thus, they are responsible for the irregular contour of the calcaneus and talus.

Calcaneus↗
PubMed1994

[A radiographic study of the progression of ossification of the cervical posterior longitudinal ligament: the correlation between the ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament and that of the anterior longitudinal ligament].

Progression of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) was evaluated in relation to that of ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament (OALL). The subjects of this study were 68 patients with OPLL in the cervical spine. 47 of them underwent conservative treatment, and the remaining 21 underwent decompression surgery of the cervical spine (involving 11 cases of laminectomy and 10 of an enlargements of the spinal canal). All 68 patients were followed up for more than 5 years. Most of the continuous and most of the mixed types of OPLL exhibited advancement of the stage at the final examination, and showed much progression of OALL during the follow-up period. The progression of OALL tended to be more advanced in those cases in which the progression of OPLL was advanced. In most of the operated cases, OPLL was highly progressed after surgery in both the longitudinal direction and in the thickness, regardless of the ossification type. There was also evidence of progression of OALL in these patients, at each level of the cervical spine, with particularly advanced progression at the lower levels with a higher rate than in the conservative cases. These results indicate that the progressions of OPLL and OALL are closely correlated, and that the same precipitating factors may therefore be involved in both OPLL and OALL. A marked progression of the ossification after surgery suggested that local factors of the cervical spine played an important role in the progression.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Elevated plasma fibronectin concentrations in patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament and ossification of the ligamentum flavum.

Fibronectin is a glycoprotein involved in a wide variety of cellular activities, including the development of bone tissues. To study the relevance of fibronectin to the development of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) and ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF), plasma fibronectin concentrations in 30 consecutive patients with OPLL or OLF and 20 age-and-sex-matched control subjects were measured with an immunonephelometric method. Plasma fibronectin concentrations were significantly elevated in the patients with OPLL or OLF, independently of associated endocrinologic abnormalities, when compared with the control subjects. Because fibronectin is one of the essential factors in endochondral ossification, it is probable that the higher fibronectin concentration in plasma acts as a promoter of the development of OPLL and OLF.

Causality↗
PubMed1990

[Principles of intraocular ossification exemplified by secondary choroid ossification].

Intraocular ossification seems to follow general pathogenic principles. Ossification requires besides local changes in carbon dioxide tension and local increase of phosphate ions first a rich vascular supply--therefore the peripapillary region is always involved, alone or in conjunction with other sites--and second probably a direct or indirect influence of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE). The growth of the bone occurs slowly and leads to a relative uniform morphology. Osteogenesis is triggered by chronic intraocular changes (of the RPE), and ossification is almost always combined with a longstanding retinal detachment. The primary lesion (e.g. trauma, inflammation or tumor) plays a minor or no role. Differences between secondary intraocular bone formation (following a well known lesion) and primary choroidal osteomas could be explained by a different strength of the osteogenic (RPE-)stimulus. In the light of our investigations (29 phthitic or chronically hypotonic eyes, 12 of them with intraocular bone formation) and the literature primary osteomas of the choroid have to be interpreted more likely as secondary processes, possibly following a (birth-)trauma, than as congenital choristomas.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Operative results and postoperative progression of ossification among patients with ossification of cervical posterior longitudinal ligament.

Although the pathogenesis of ossification of the cervical posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) has not yet been clarified, it has come to be widely recognized that severe cervical myelopathy or radiculopathy is caused by OPLL. Fifty-three cases who were operated on for OPLL with myelopathy or radiculopathy in our clinic over the past 16 years were followed up. A recovery rate of approximately 70% was observed. Postoperative progressions of the ossification were observed among 75% of the cases of continuous and mixed type but seldom among those with segmental and other types. As causative factors for these postoperative progressions of the ossification, the authors would like to advocate biological, structural, and mobility-related elements. We concluded that in the ossified stage it is desirable to apply anterior decompression for the segmental and other type, posterior decompression for the continuous and mixed type, and, if necessary, two-stage combined decompression for the mixed type.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Merging the old skeletal biology with the new. I. Intramembranous ossification, endochondral ossification, ectopic bone, secondary cartilage, and pathologic considerations.

Skeletogenesis and chondrogenesis result from a sequence of events involving epithelial-mesenchymal interaction, condensation, and differentiation. Types of bone and cartilage formation include: (1) intramembranous ossification, (2) endochondral ossification, (3) combined endochondral and intramembranous ossification, (4) heterotopic bone and cartilage formation, and (5) secondary cartilage formation. Pathologic conditions with bone and cartilage include: (1) benign and malignant tumors and (2) reactive osseous and cartilaginous metaplasia.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Ossification of the yellow ligament and spondylosis and/or ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the thoracic and lumbar spine.

Combinations of varying degrees of spondylosis and/or ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL), and ossification of the yellow ligament (OYL) contribute to thoracic and lumbar neural compression in North Americans. Preoperative magnetic resonance and computed tomography examinations dictated the surgical approaches used to address spondylosis/OPLL in 11 patients, OYL in 12 patients, and spondylosis/OPLL and OYL in 3 patients. Myelopathy (4 patients), radiculopathy (13 patients), and cauda equina dysfunction (11 patients) were observed, 2 patients showing combined deficits. Outcomes (Odom's criteria) after laminectomy (24 patients) and circumferential thoracic procedures (2 patients) were good to excellent in the 73% of patients with spondylosis/OPLL, in 83% with OYL, and excellent for all 3 with spondylosis/OPLL and OYL. Full recognition of thoracic or lumbar spondylosis/OPLL and OYL ensure optimal surgical planning and outcomes.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Laminectomy with posterior wiring and fusion for cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, spondylosis, ossification of the yellow ligament, stenosis, and instability: a study of 5 patients.

Cervical laminectomy with posterior wiring and fusion is valuable for the management of cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL), spondylosis, ossification of the yellow ligament (OYL), stenosis, and instability. Within 1.5 years, five patients averaging 73 years of age developed severe myelopathy. Dynamic radiographs confirmed an intact cervical lordosis with active subluxation and instability at one or two levels, whereas magnetic resonance and computed tomography scans showed OPLL, spondylosis, OYL, and stenosis. After multilevel laminectomy with posterior wiring and fusion and immobilization in cervicothoracic orthoses, patients fused in an average of 3.6 months. All patients improved, showing mild to moderate residual postoperative myelopathy an average of 13 months later (range, 6-19 months). With an intact cervical lordosis, laminectomy with posterior wiring and fusion was used successfully to manage five patients with OPLL, spondylosis, OYL, stenosis, and instability.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Ossification of femoral head in infancy. II. Ossification in infants treated for congenital dislocation.

A review of the films obtained in 124 infants conservatively treated for congenital dislocation of the hip revealed deviations from ordinary development of the femoral head before as well as after the treatment. Analysis of these deviations suggested initial acceleration of ossification, modified by retardation ipsilateral to dislocation and followed by bilateral deceleration of growth after treatment.

Age Factors↗