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PubMedDate not supplied

[Paraiotonchium osiris (Iontonchiinae : Tylenchida), a new species of nematode of the zoophilic fly, Musca osiris Wd].

The description and figures are given to the nematode Paraiotonchium osiris sp. n. parasitic in the body cavity of Musca osiris and in the genital organs of the host females from Turkmenia. Two morphologically different generations of nematodes, gamagenetic and parthenogenetic ones, develop in the body cavity of the insects. Juvenile females of the gamagenetic generation: n=11; L=474.6 to 587.6; a=15.02 to 22.1; c=5.23 to 6.97; V=(71.5 to 77.7); St=13.0 to 16.1. Mature parasitic females of the gamagenetic generation: n=14; L=1028.3 to 2695.1; a=8.79 to 18.04; c=8.51 to 15.9; V=(76.2 to 84.6); St=21.0 to 27.0. Parasitic females of the parthenogenetic generation: n=7; L=813.6 to 1412.5; a=8.24 to 13.15; c=9.94 to 17.92; V=(88.2 to 91.9); St=14.0 to 16.5. Males: n=30; L=469.2 to 803.8; a=17.0 to 29.12; c=4.5 to 6.99; St=7.5 to 14.0; Sp (d)=18.4 to 23.0; Sp (pr)=34.5 to 41.4; T=(62.41 to 83.57). The new species differs from two other members of the genus Paraiotonchium in the structure of the spicules (a longer distal portion) and a larger bursa in males. A key to the species of the genus Paraiotonchium is given.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Early versus delayed neonatal administration of a synthetic surfactant--the judgment of OSIRIS. The OSIRIS Collaborative Group (open study of infants at high risk of or with respiratory insufficiency--the role of surfactant.

Although exogenous surfactants are of known efficacy in the prevention and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), questions remain about the best regimens. During 1990-91, 6774 babies were recruited to an international multicentre trial to assess when administration of Exosurf, a synthetic surfactant, should be started and how often it should be given. The clinical outcome is known for 6757 (99.7%) infants. 2690 babies, judged to be at high risk of RDS when less than 2 hours of age, were randomly allocated to either early administration or delayed selective administration; 96% versus 73% received surfactant, at median ages of 118 and 182 min. The risk of death or dependence on extra oxygen at the expected date of delivery was 16% (95% CI 25% to 7%) lower among infants allocated early administration. Early administration was also associated with a 32% lower risk of pneumothorax. These 2690 infants were further randomised in a factorial design to either two doses of surfactant 12 hours apart, or the option of third and fourth doses at 12-36 hour intervals if signs of RDS persisted or recurred. 4067 other infants who later developed RDS were also recruited to this comparison, giving a total of 3376 infants allocated up-to-four doses (of whom, 45% received more than two) and 3381 allocated two doses. The outcome was similar in the two groups in respect of death, long-term oxygen dependence, and other major morbidity, even in secondary analyses restricted to infants who met the criteria for additional administration. There were more reports of poorly tolerated administration in the up-to-four doses group but no clear increase in serious morbidity, such as pulmonary haemorrhage. The OSIRIS trial suggests that early administration of surfactant to an estimated 32 babies, when compared with treatment of established RDS, would prevent 1 baby from dying and another from being dependent on extra oxygen long-term, but would entail the additional use of surfactant in 8 of these babies. It provides no evidence that a regimen including the option of third and fourth doses when signs of RDS persist or recur is clinically superior to a regimen of two doses.

Drug Administration Schedule↗
PubMed1990

Performance testing of the OSIRIS dust monitoring system.

OSIRIS is a monitoring system for non-fibrous dusts based on optical scattering methods. It was developed by HSE's Safety Engineering Laboratory primarily for use in the coal-mining industry as an alternative to gravimetric sampling. Up to eight dust monitors can be controlled by a microcomputer via a two-wire telemetry link at distances of up to 8 km. The paper reports the results of comparative tests between OSIRIS and the MRE 113A gravimetric sampler in a calm air dust box, in a wind tunnel and in field trials at two collieries. Results show that OSIRIS can be calibrated against the MRE 113A for a given dust and that the calibration is maintained over the normal working range of 0-40 mg m-3. Results of tests against a variety of available test dusts show that the physical and optical properties of the dust particles have a significant effect on the response of the instrument. OSIRIS therefore needs to be calibrated against a gravimetric sampler for each dust which it will be used to monitor. Once calibrated, OSIRIS would be useful in monitoring respirable dust concentrations in a wide range of industrial or laboratory situations.

Coal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Breast carcinoma and benign breast lesions. Diaphanography and quantitative evaluation using the computer-controlled image scanner OSIRIS.

A total of 110 diaphanograms from women with breast carcinoma and 154 diaphanograms from women with benign breast disorders were quantitatively evaluated using the OSIRIS image scanner. Optical density values in the green and red spectral bands were recorded. The malignant and the benign groups, were statistically evaluated using linear discriminant analysis. Correct classification was obtained in 73.5 per cent of women with breast carcinoma and in 84.6 per cent of women with benign breast disorders. Visual interpretation of the findings alone classified 84.5 per cent of the malignant lesions correctly and 90.8 per cent of the benign lesions correctly. Quantitative evaluation combined with visual interpretation improved the accuracy of classification of breast carcinoma (91.8%), but not of benign breast disorders, which was about the same (83.8%).

Analog-Digital Conversion↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Musca osiris--a new intermediate host of Thelazia gulosa].

Musca osiris Wd. was first recorded as an intermediate host of the nematode Th. gulosa. In Tadjikistan Musca autumnalis Deg. was first recorded as an intermediate host of Th. gulosa and Th. skrjabini. The flies are suggested to be used as indicators of thelaziasis infection by using a key suggested for the first time for the definition of species of larvae belonging to the genus Thelazia during differentiation of infected larvae from flies.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Physical interpretation of diaphanograms using the computer-controlled image scanner OSIRIS.

Experiments have shown that the light recorded in diaphanography covers approximately the wavelength region of 645 to 900 nm. No significant change in image quality was noted by changing the camera distance between 10 and 25 cm and the light source aperture between 5 and 30 mm. Experiments using polarising filters indicated that the breast is optically isotropic; therefore the results cannot be improved by using polarising filters. In a comparison of various films. Kodak Ektachrome Infrared Film gave the best results. No degradation or variation in image quality was observed when different batches were compared or when the exposed film was stored for 3 weeks before processing. The exposure level is a critical factor and a series of 3 images is needed for optimum evaluation of diaphanograms. The experiments indicate that diaphanography gives consistent results.

Adult↗
PubMed2026

A novel relationship between time offsets in capillary electrophoresis and DNA sequence variations in short tandem repeats.

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) provides increased discriminatory power in forensic DNA analysis due to the detection of isoalleles. Differences in sequences between alleles allow for a second layer of differentiation between DNA contributors beyond the number of short tandem repeat (STR) repeat units. However, because NGS is a more time and resource-intensive analysis than conventional capillary electrophoresis (CE), laboratories may benefit from indicators that suggest NGS is likely to provide added value. This study examined whether CE migration offsets, measured as residuals in the OSIRIS analysis software, can differ significantly among STR isoalleles. Residuals represent the time offset between a sample allele peak and its corresponding allelic ladder peak. Paired CE and NGS data from 95 single source samples were analyzed for CE-based residual differences, as the NGS data provided the sequence information of the corresponding isoalleles. Residual values differed significantly among isoalleles at several STR loci. Statistically significant differences were identified at D16S539 and D3S1358, as well as at specific allele lengths within D12S391, D13S317, and D8S1179. These findings demonstrate that CE residual variation can reflect underlying STR sequence differences between contributors. In practice, residual-based metrics could help laboratories to identify casework reference samples where NGS is likely to provide additional discrimination, without the need for processing outside of a routine CE workflow. Due to the potentially large number of isoalleles, community wide efforts to aggregate CE residual differences versus isoallele sequences may be useful in the validation and implementation of this approach to add value to forensic DNA analyses.

Electrophoresis, Capillary↗
PubMed1975

Computer-assisted derivation of a screening interview for alcoholism.

A short screening interview for the diagnosis of alcoholism has been developed with the assistance of the automatic interaction detector (AID) program (a multivariate sequential analysis strategy) that is part of the OSIRIS statistical package. Retrospective and prospective tests of the effectiveness of the interview have shown that it permits a diagnosis of alcoholism with less effort than a larger, more comprehansive research interview. The performance of the screening and research interviews have been compared to assess the effects of severity of illness and reliability of individual replies on the diagnoses made by each interview.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1992

Lung mechanics and gas exchange in ventilated preterm infants during treatment of hyaline membrane disease with multiple doses of artificial surfactant (Exosurf)

Eight premature infants ventilated for hyaline membrane disease and enrolled in the OSIRIS surfactant trial were studied. Lung mechanics, gas exchange [PaCO2, arterial/alveolar PO2 ratio (a/A ratio)], and ventilator settings were determined 20 minutes before and 20 minutes after the end of Exosurf instillation, and subsequently at 12-24 hour intervals. Respiratory system compliance (Crs) and resistance (Rrs) were measured by means of the single breath occlusion method. After surfactant instillation there were no significant immediate changes in PaCO2 (36 vs. 37 mmHg), a/A ratio (0.23 vs. 0.20), Crs (0.32 vs. 0.31 mL/cm H2O/kg), and Rrs (0.11 vs. 0.16 cmH2O/mL/s) (pooled data of 18 measurement pairs). During the clinical course, mean a/A ratio improved significantly each time from 0.17 (time 0) to 0.29 (time 12-13 hours), to 0.39 (time 24-36 hours) and to 0.60 (time 48-61 hours), although mean airway pressure was reduced substantially. Mean Crs increased significantly from 0.28 mL/cmH2O/kg (time 0) to 0.38 (time 12-13 hours), to 0.37 (time 24-38 hours), and to 0.52 (time 48-61 hours), whereas mean Rrs increased from 0.10 cm H2O/mL/s (time 0) to 0.11 (time 12-13 hours), to 0.13 (time 24-36 hours) and to (time 48-61 hours) with no overall significance. A highly significant correlation was found between Crs and a/A ratio (r = 0.698, P less than 0.001). We conclude that Exosurf does not induce immediate changes in oxygenation as does the instillation of (modified) natural surfactant preparations. However, after 12 and 24 hours of treatment oxygenation and Crs improve significantly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMed1992

Portable image-manipulation software: what is the extra development cost?

A hospital-wide picture archiving and communication system (PACS) project is currently under development at the University Hospital of Geneva. The visualization and manipulation of images provided by different imaging modalities constitutes one of the most challenging component of a PACS. It was necessary to provide this visualization software on a number of types of workstations because of the varying requirements imposed by the range of clinical uses it must serve. The user interface must be the same, independent of the underlying workstation. In addition to a standard set of image-manipulation and processing tools, there is a need for more specific clinical tools that can be easily adapted to specific medical requirements. To achieve this goal, it was elected to develop a modular and portable software called OSIRIS. This software is available on two different operating systems (the UNIX standard X-11/OSF-Motif based workstations and the Macintosh family) and can be easily ported to other systems. The extra effort required to design such software in a modular and portable way was worthwhile because it resulted in a platform that can be easily expanded and adapted to a variety of specific clinical applications. Its portability allows users to benefit from the rapidly evolving workstation technology and to adapt the performance to suit their needs.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1977

Murder will out.

A 1974 showing of more than 200 oils and water colors at the Tate Gallery, London, has led to a revival of interest in the 19th century English painter, Richard Dadd (1817 to 1886). In 1843, Dadd killed his father, cutting his throat, because he believed him to be the devil in human form. On a trip to the Near East, Dadd became deluded that the Egyptian god Osiris was directing him to eliminate the devil's influence. Four months after he returned to London he murdered his father, and was institutionalized for the last 43 years of his life. We advance the hypothesis that one particular painting. 'The Fairy Feller's Master-Stroke,' symbolically re-enacts the murder and makes talion restitution. The painting shows minute attention to detail and altogether occupied the artist for 9 years. He also made a water color copy of it entirely from memory, and wrote a 22-page poem explaining the picture with the title, 'An Elimination.' We suggest that this hints at the same theme of undoing. Some art critics have seen in Dadd's other art works a projection of his inner feelings, especially a series of more than 30 water colors entitled 'Sketches to Illustrate the Passions,' amongthem 'Murder,' 'Anger,' 'Hatred,' 'Grief,' and 'Melancholy.' We construe these to support the thesis of redoing and undoing following the trauma of murder. We also mention Dadd's reminiscing, visible in his art, and its usefulness in reaffirming his self-identity. In the art work of Dadd's last 25 years, violent scenes are remarkably absent. Instead, imaginary landscapes and seascenes--the subject matter of his earliest adolescent art--reflect an inward absorption in and continuity of lifelong interests. We suggest that the long process of painting 'The Fairy Feller's Master-Stroke' recapitulated and made restitution for the murder, encapsulating it so that compulsive expression of violent ideation was largely reduced, allowing other memories and activities to be engaged and expressed.

Art↗
PubMed1987

How the sacrum got its name.

The os sacrum (sacred bone) was so named by the Romans as a direct translation from the older Greek hieron osteon. Explanations of the attribute "sacred" or "holy" in the past have included misinterpretation of the Greek word hieron, use of the bone in sacrificial rites, the role of the bone in protecting the genitalia (themselves considered sacred), and the necessity for the intactness of this bone as a nidus for resurrection at the Day of Judgment. A more plausible explanation may be that the holiness of the sacral bone was an attribute borrowed from the ancient Egyptians, who considered this bone sacred to Osiris, the god of resurrection and of agriculture.

History, Ancient↗
PubMed1985

The laser reflection method. Computerized analysis of speckle pattern.

The laser reflection method of remote measurements permits registration of small tooth movements. Its precision was investigated by studying the errors associated with patient repositioning in the apparatus using the computer controlled image scanner OSIRIS. Fifty repositionings of healthy subjects were evaluated. The results show that the mean error of repositioning is 2.8 micron laterally and 9.2 micron sagittally. This agrees with earlier manual-visual measurements but the higher precision due to computer evaluation of the speckle patterns gives much more reliable estimate of the repositioning error. The study confirms the fact that the laser reflection method permits accurate measurements of tooth movements.

Adult↗