Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ORGAN WEIGHT”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Impact of environmental enrichment in mice. 1: effect of housing conditions on body weight, organ weights and haematology in different strains.

Currently, environmental enrichment is a very common means of improving animal well-being, especially for laboratory animals. Although environmental enrichment seems to be a possible way for improving the well-being of animals, the consideration of housing laboratory animals should not only focus solely on animal well-being, manpower and economics but also on the precision and accuracy of the experimental results. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of enriched cages (nest box, nesting material, climbing bar) on body weight, haematological data and final organ weights. BALB/c, C57BL/6 and A/J mice, originated from Harlan Winkelmann, were used for the experiments - 16 animals of each strain. Animals at 3 weeks of age were marked and separated randomly to enriched or non-enriched cages, in groups of four, half for each housing condition. Both cages were type III Makrolon cages, only the enriched cages contained a nest box, a wood bar for climbing and nesting material. Animals were kept in a clean animal room under specific pathogen free (SPF) conditions. Body weights were recorded every week. Blood samples were collected at 14 weeks of age (white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), haemoglobin (HGB), and haematocrit (HCT) were analysed). At 15 weeks of age, the animals were euthanized by CO(2) in their home cages, and final body weight and organ weights (heart, liver, kidney, adrenal, spleen and uterus) were recorded immediately. Although nearly all the test variables were not affected by environmental enrichment in their mean values, the enriched group showed higher coefficients of variation in many variables, and strain differences of both housing conditions were not consistent. The influences of enrichment were shown to be strain- and test-dependent. Such effects may lead to an increase in the number of animals which is necessary or may change the experimental results, especially when a study, using enriched housing conditions, focuses on strain differences. Since the same enrichment design can result in different influences, a positive or a negative or no adverse effect, due to the strain and the variables studied, researchers need to collect more information before enrichment designs are introduced into experimental plans.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1972

Comparison of body weights, organ weights and histological features of selected organs of gnotobiotic, conventional and isolator-reared contaminated pigs.

Twenty-seven pigs from three litters were used in a comparison of body weights, organ weights, and selected histological features of germfree, conventional and isolator-reared contaminated pigs. At three weeks of age conventional pigs were heavier than pigs of the other two groups. The mandibular lymphnodes, stomachs, and small intestines of contaminated pigs were significantly heavier than the same organs of germfree pigs. This difference was not found in superficial inguinal or prefemoral lymph nodes. Other statistically significant organ weight differences were found.Histologically, the lymph nodes of conventional and contaminated pigs were much more active than those of germfree pigs, although secondary nodules were occasionally found in lymph nodes of germfree pigs. Greater quantities of iron-containing pigment were found in the spleens of germfree pigs than in spleens of the other two groups. Hepatic interlobular septa were somewhat more developed in conventional pigs than in germfree or contaminated pigs.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed2001

Characterization of age-related changes in body weight and organ weights from birth to adolescence in humans.

The pharmacokinetics and tissue dose of chemicals may differ among individuals of a population, particularly between adults and children. The adult-children differences in pharmacokinetics arise from age-related changes in the physiological, biochemical, and physicochemical determinants of uptake and disposition of chemicals. The objectives of this study were to review the published literature to assemble data on the human body weight and organ weights as a function of age (specifically between birth and 18 yr old) and to analyze these data, in order to develop regression equations for calculating body weight and organ weights of children using age as the dependent function. The specific organs/tissues for which the data on age-related weight were obtained and analyzed include blood, adipose tissues, liver, lungs, brains, heart, kidneys, spleen, the reproductive organs (male: prostate gland, seminal vesicle, testes, and epididymis; female: ovaries, uterus, and uterine tubes), glands (adrenal, pituitary, thymus, pancreas, and thyroid), bone marrow (total and red), intestinal tract, stomach, muscle, skin (epidermis and dermis), and skeleton. In both male and female children, the sum of these organs is systematically lower than the body weight, and this discrepancy may be resolved with the additional availability and consideration of data on hypodermis weight. The equations and data on body weight and organ weights presented in this article should be useful for constructing age-specific, physiologically based pharmacokinetic models for children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Organ weights and organ:body weight ratios of the African white-tailed rat (Mystromys albicaudatus).

Fifty-three adult female and 51 adult male white-tailed rats (Mystromys albicaudatus) were killed with ether and weighed; the spleen, kidneys, liver, heart, lung, pancreas, brain and gonads were dissected free of adhering tissue and weighted. The mean absolute organ weight and organ:body weight ratios by sex and organ were calculated and compared. The male rats were significantly (p less than or equal to 0.05) heavier. The mean weight of the males was 110.0 +/- 23.8 g versus 82.9 +/- 16.1 g for the females. The absolute weights of the heart, liver and kidneys were significantly (p less than or equal to 0.05) greater for the males. The organ:body weight ratios, except for heart and brain (excluding ovary and testicle), were unaffected by sex. The heart to body weight ratio and the brain to body weight ratio were significantly (p less than or equal to 0.05) larger in female rats.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Physico-chemical properties of a novel (-)-hydroxycitric acid extract and its effect on body weight, selected organ weights, hepatic lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation, hematology and clinical chemistry, and histopathological changes over a period of 90 days.

Garcinia cambogia-derived (-)-hydroxycitric acid (HCA) is a popular and natural supplement for weight management. HCA is a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme ATP citrate lyase, which catalyzes the conversion of citrate and coenzyme A to oxaloacetate and acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) in the cytosol. Acetyl CoA is used in the synthesis of fatty acids, cholesterol and triglycerides, and in the synthesis of acetylcholine in the central nervous system. Studies have demonstrated the efficacy of a novel 60% calcium-potassium salt of HCA derived from Garcinia cambogia (HCA-SX, Super CitriMax) in weight management. Results have shown that HCA-SX promotes fat oxidation, enhances serotonin release and availability in the brain cortex, normalizes lipid profiles, and lowers serum leptin levels in obese subjects. Acute oral, acute dermal, primary dermal irritation and primary eye irritation toxicity, as well as Ames bacterial reverse mutation studies and mouse lymphoma tests have demonstrated the safety of HCA-SX. However, no detailed long-term safety of HCA-SX or any other HCA extract has been previously assessed. We evaluated the dose- and time-dependent effects of HCA-SX in Sprague-Dawley rats on body weight, selected organ weights, hepatic lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation, hematology and clinical chemistry over a period of 90 days. Furthermore, a 90-day histopathological evaluation was conducted. The animals were treated with 0, 0.2, 2.0 and 5.0% HCA-SX of feed intake and were sacrificed on 30, 60 or 90 days of treatment. The body weight and selected organ weights were assessed and correlated as a % of body weight and brain weight at 90 days of treatment. A significant reduction in body weight was observed in treated rats as compared to control animals. An advancing age-induced marginal increase in hepatic lipid peroxidation was observed in both male and female rats, while no such difference in hepatic DNA fragmentation was observed as compared to the control animals. Furthermore, selected organ weights individually and as a % of body weight and brain weight at 90 days of treatment exhibited no significant difference between the groups. No difference was observed in hematology and clinical chemistry or the histopathological evaluation. Taken together, these results show that 90 day treatment of HCA-SX results in a reduction in body weight, and does not cause any changes in major organs or in hematology, clinical chemistry, and histopathology.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

Lymphoid organ weights and organ:body weight ratios of growing beagles.

Although dogs, especially beagles, are used extensively in biological and clinical investigations, the literature dealing with normal biological measurements of their lymphoid organs is scanty. This study was undertaken to provide the information on the weight of lymphoid organs of beagles. The thymus, spleen, and prescapular, popliteal, and mesenteric lymph nodes of 95 normal beagle dogs, from one day to 11 months of age, were weighed and compared with body weights. The weight of the thymus and spleen increased drastically at and after 2 months of age, although the organ:body weight ratios remained the same at 2 months of age and decreased afterward. Similar increases in the weight of the mesenteric lymph node complex, but with an increase in the organ:body weight ratio, occurred also at and after 2 months of age, reflecting the importance of the gut-associated lymphoid organs after weaning. The increases in the size of the cutaneous nodes, prescapular and popliteal, were less pronounced and their organ:body weight ratios remained the same from birth through 11 months of age.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Changes in body weight and organ weight of Ishibashi (IS) rats with growth.

Changes in body weight (25-175 days old, every 10 days) and weights of various organs (70, 105, 140 and 175 days old), i.e., cerebrum, cerebellum, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, thymus, heart, liver, spleen, adrenal gland, kidney, seminal vesicle, prostate, epididymis, testes, bulbourethral gland and ovary, of Ishibashi (IS) rats with growth, which are model animals for congenital vertebral malformation (spontaneous kyphoscoliosis) were examined as compared with Brown Norway (BN) rats, which are genetically irrelevant to IS rats, and also with hybrid rats (IBF, rats) which are between IS and BN rats. The experimental results showed that body weight and weights of various organs except cerebrum, cerebellum and thymus were greater in IS rats than in BN rats, and body weight and weights of various organs of IBF, rats were intermediate between the two strains of rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Prediction of food intakes, weight gains, organ weights, and tumor size in tumor-bearing rats by the four-parameter mathematical model for physiological responses.

Groups of male weanling rats bearing the transplantable Novikoff ascites hepatoma were fed diets containing graded levels of protein. The food intakes and weight gains were recorded daily. Seven days after inoculation of the rats with the tumor (6 days in Experiment 2), the rats were sacrificed, their organs were weighed, and the tumor and ascites fluid volumes were determined. These results were analyzed by the four-parameter mathematical model for physiological responses. It was found that tumor-bearing rats eat and gain weight at the same rates as control rats fed identical diets, implying that this rapidly growing tumor does not interfere with the normal food intake and growth control mechanisms and that food intakes and weight gains are predictable by the four-parameter model. Organ growth was regulated in both normal and tumor-bearing rats but some actual organ weights in tumor-bearing rats were smaller than in control rats due to the presence of the tumor. However, other organs (spleen, lung, kidneys, and small intestine) of the tumor-bearing rats showed significant differences (p less than 0.01, Student's t test) from control rats. It was also possible to predict the growth of the tumor on the basis of the casein content of the diet.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The effects of pituitary, thyroid, pancreatic and sexual hormones on body length and weight and organ weights of Snell dwarf mice.

A dose-dependent increase in body length and weight can be induced in Snell dwarf mice by human, porcine and bovine growth hormones, ovine prolactin, bovine TSH, T4 and T3, and to a lesser extent by insulin. In contrast, porcine FSH, equine LH, testosterone, oestradiol and glucagon influenced neither body length nor weight. Beside body length and weight, the weight of many organs is stimulated by hormonal treatment. GH, T4 and T3 have a rather similar spectrum of effects, with exceptions for the skinfold and epididymal fat-pads. LH had no effect, but in contrast FSH had a strong effect on the seminal vesicles and a less pronounced one on the testis. Oestradiol induced a marked enlargement of the uterus, whereas testosterone increased the weights of the kidneys and seminal vesicles. The main action of insulin is probably localized on body fat. Glucagon, however, did not stimulate organ growth. These data illustrate again the complexity of hormonal regulation of growth.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Effects of p-nonylphenol and resveratrol on body and organ weight and in vivo fertility of outbred CD-1 mice.

The aim of this study was to analyse the multigenerational effects of para-nonylphenol (NP) and resveratrol (RES) on the body weight, organ weight and reproductive fitness of outbred CD-1 mice. The data indicate that in male mice, NP had an effect on the weight of selected reproductive organs and the kidneys in the parental (P) generation males. Effects on selected reproductive organs, the liver and kidneys in the F1-generation males were also seen. In females, effects of NP on body weight and kidney weight were seen in the P generation, but no effects on any measured parameter were seen in the F1 generation. RES had no effect on body weight but did have some effect on selected male and female reproductive organs in the P generation. RES altered the spleen and liver weights of P-generation males and the kidney weight of F1-generation males. Acrosomal integrity (using a monoclonal antibody against intra-acrosomal sperm proteins) was assessed for both generations of NP- and RES-treated mice. A significant reduction in acrosomal integrity was seen in both generations of NP-treated, but not in RES-treated, mice. Fewer offspring were observed in the second litter of the F2 generation of mice treated with NP; no similar effect was seen in RES-treated mice. The litter sex ratio was not different from controls. Unlike RES, NP had a negative effect on spermatogenesis and sperm quality with a resultant impact on in vivo fertility.

Acrosome↗