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Examining collaborative relationships between anesthesiologists and certified registered nurse anesthetists in nurse anesthesia educational programs.

The purpose of this research was to examine the collaborative perceptions that Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNAs) and anesthesiologists have of each other in nurse anesthesia educational programs. Methods included a cross sectional survey of all nurse anesthesia programs in the United States. Data was collected from the program director and one anesthesiologist of each program. Results highlight important areas of potential conflict between the two groups. Data reflected unequal and hierarchal relationships existing between CRNAs and anesthesiologists regarding shared responsibility, access, power, and recognition in healthcare decision making. Conclusions from this study show there are definite philosophical and political issues that have an impact on nurse anesthesia education and can be destructive not only to programs of nurse anesthesia but also to the entire field of anesthesiology. A major area of concern raised in the present study was that inadequate collaborative practices persist which could be indicative of critical deficiencies in the educational system and clinical practice settings of both providers. Efforts by all involved must be made at the national, state, and local levels to establish better relationships between CRNAs and anesthesiologists. Mending counterproductive differences is imperative for cost-effective and high quality anesthesia services.

Adult↗

Carpal tunnel syndrome in female nurse anesthetists versus operating room nurses: prevalence, laterality, and impact of handedness.

UNLABELLED: Nurse anesthesia may be a high-risk occupation for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in the workplace. We designed a cross-sectional investigation to study the prevalence of CTS in nurse anesthetists (NAs) as compared with operating room nurses (ORNs). Two-hundred forty-four female operating room workers were classified by job title as NAs (n = 63) and ORNs (n = 181). The case definition of CTS was established by a history of surgical correction or a combination of four positive historical and physical findings. There were 10 cases of CTS in NAs and 10 cases of CTS in ORNs. The crude odds ratio (OR) for CTS in NAs was 3.23 (95% confidence interval, 1.27-8.17, P = 0.021). The crude OR for left-hand CTS in NAs was also 3.23 and 3.58 for bilateral CTS. When adjusted for nondominant left-hand or bilateral CTS, the OR for CTS in NAs was 3.85. The Yates-corrected chi(2) for CTS in NAs was 5.346 (P = 0.021) and 5.075 (P = 0.024) for nondominant left-hand or bilateral CTS in NAs as compared with ORNs. On the basis of our data analysis, nondominant left-hand CTS and bilateral CTS were significantly more prevalent in NAs than ORNs. IMPLICATIONS: Repetitive stress injuries have now exceeded back injuries as the most commonly reported workplace injuries in the United States. Female nurse anesthetists may face greater occupational risks for developing left hand and bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome than female operating room nurses.

Adult↗

AANA Journal course: update for nurse anesthetists--ERR WATCH: anesthesia crisis resource management from the nurse anesthetist's perspective.

Anesthesia crisis resource management (ACRM) was developed by David Gaba, MD, and colleagues at Stanford University in the early 1990s. Derived from cockpit resource management of the aviation industry, ACRM addresses the issues of human performance and patient safety in anesthesia. Due to the inherent complexity of our dynamic work environment, we are frequently faced with situations that could escalate into critical incidents. ACRM explains the role of personal and environmental factors that can contribute to the evolution of critical incidents and provides the practitioner with some behavioral and intellectual guidelines to manage the risks more effectively. ERR WATCH is an acronym I developed to interpret the principles of ACRM from the nurse anesthetist's perspective. It provides a quick review of the major principles of ACRM, which are Environment, Resources, Reevaluation, Workload, Attention, Teamwork, Communication, and Help. Used together with good clinical management, these principles may provide an edge in solving complex problems and improving performance.

Crisis Intervention↗

The practice and distribution of Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists in federally designated nurse shortage areas.

Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNAs) provide the majority of clinical anesthesia services to underserved populations in rural America. The United States Office of Shortage Designation, Bureau of Primary Health Care, has compiled a list of counties in the United States with a shortage of nurses. This study examines the distribution of CRNAs within these predominantly nonmetropolitan areas employing the Department of Agriculture's Rural-Urban Continuum classification system. Findings indicate a shortage of CRNAs in designated nurse shortage areas, and demographic characteristics of these practitioners hint at incentives and disincentives for nurse anesthesia clinical practice in rural areas.

Adult↗

Newly graduated nurse anesthetists' experiences and views on anesthesia nursing--a phenomenographic study.

This qualitative study identifies and describes different ways in which newly graduated nurse anesthetists (NAs) experience and perceive nurse anesthesia. It explains different approaches to nurse anesthesia care and, thus, to clinical nursing care (in an anesthesia and surgical context), provided by new NAs. One month after graduation, all NAs who had completed an anesthesia nursing program responded to 4 open-ended questions. A phenomenographic method was used to analyze their responses. The results were divided into 3 categories, which describe nurse anesthesia from the perspectives of (1) maintaining physical well-being; (2) being protectors and advocates; and (3) ability to perform good nurse anesthesia given all the demands placed on the NAs. The results indicate that, for the new NAs, the nurse anesthesia care situation was largely influenced by context and generated feelings of inadequacy because the NAs could not provide the emotional support that they believed their patients required.

Adult↗

Credentialing of certified registered nurse anesthetists.

Certified registered nurse anesthetists (CRNAs) have provided anesthesia services in this country since the mid-1800s. As the earliest advanced practice nurse specialists, CRNAs have been leaders in the development of educational programs, accreditation, certification, and recertification. This article will describe the history of credentialing in nurse anesthesia and the achievements in the development of a valid and highly respected credentialing mechanism. Recertification and hospital credentialing are also discussed.

Certification↗

A new beginning: the International Federation of Nurse Anesthetists.

In 1978, two European nurse anesthetists attended the 1978 AANA Annual Meeting in Detroit. Mr. Hermi Lohnert, Switzerland, inquired about the willingness of the AANA to support international cooperation among nurse anesthetists. The AANA agreed. In 1985, the First International Symposium was held in Lucerne, Switzerland. A Second International Congress of Nurse Anesthetists was held in Amsterdam in 1988, and in June 1989, the AANA joined 10 other countries in Teufen, Switzerland, to sign the founding charter of the International Federation of Nurse Anesthetists (IFNA). At the close of the meeting, the bylaws had been adopted, officers elected and 11 countries admitted as charter members. This editorial highlights events that led to this historic meeting. It discusses the purpose and function of the IFNA and summarizes its organizational structure. Education, practice and organizational backgrounds of the founding countries precede comments regarding the future of the IFNA.

Humans↗

[Nurse anesthetist in France].

We present the system of nurse anesthetist (Infirmier Anesthésiste Diplômé d'Etat: IADE) in France to the community of Japanese anesthesiologists. This French system with 70 years' history is older than the Japan Society of Anesthesiologists itself. There are 7000 nurse anesthetists in France now and the number of nurse anesthetists increases by 450-500 each year. Training to become a nurse anesthetist requires at least two years' experience as a general nurse and the general nurse must pass an examination after two years' special training in an anesthetistic nurse school to acquire the national certification. The nurse anesthetist's profession is regulated by French law. They work in a team with certified anesthesiologists. They can perform many kinds of anesthetic tasks including tracheal intubation and insertion of arterial catheter under the responsibility and supervision of certified anesthesiologists. The nurse anesthetists are not allowed to perform spinal, epidural, conduction and local anesthesia, although they can maintain these anesthesia and control these methods, e.g., by injecting local anesthetic agents through epidural catheter, following a specified prescription. The nurse anesthetists are not allowed to insert central venous and pulmonary artery catheters, although they can manage them. They are allowed to administer inhalation anesthetic agents, and inject venous anesthetic agents, muscle relaxants, their antagonists, and opioids by their own initiatives, but the decision for the use of catecholamine and emergency drugs is reserved to certified anesthesiologists. The nurse anesthetists perform other tasks preparing and checking anesthetic agents and equipment such as anesthetic machine, monitor, and defibrillator everyday, and sometimes use autologous blood recovery systems. The relationship between the certified anesthesiologist and the nurse anesthetist is marked by mutual respect, confidence and cooperation at each step of the anesthetic management, from induction to recovery of anesthesia. We believe that it is very safe for the patients to undergo anesthesia performed by nurse anesthetists under the control of certified anesthesiologists. We suggest that the introduction of the system equivalent to the French concept and improved training of nurse anesthetists can be the solution to overcome our current shortage of certified anesthesiologists in Japan.

France↗

Findings of the 1990 and 1992 student nurse anesthetist survey.

A Student Nurse Anesthetist Survey was sent to each nurse anesthesia educational program in 1990 and in 1992 to assess students' perception of clinical experiences during their training. Two students (one first-year and one second-year student) were selected by each nurse anesthesia program director to represent the program and complete the surveys. The survey included questions directed at such topics as student administration of regional anesthesia, student performance of different techniques of intubation, student placement of invasive lines, and student perception of their overall clinical experiences. The findings indicated that nurse anesthesia students' clinical experiences and perceptions of their clinical experiences were very similar in both 1990 and 1992 for first-year and second-year student respondents.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

The International Federation of Nurse Anesthetists: 10 years later.

In 1978, 2 European nurse anesthetists attended the Annual Meeting of the American Association of Nurse Anesthetists (AANA). Their interest in international cooperation among nurse anesthetists and AANA's agreement planted the seed for what would later become the International Federal of Nurse Anesthetists (IFNA). In this article we describe the history, philosophy, objectives, and functions of the IFNA. We also address the role of a nurse anesthetist worldwide, educational and research activities, and the importance of networking with other organizations. The article concludes with steps toward globalization of the profession and the future of the IFNA.

Europe↗

The International Federation of Nurse Anesthetists: its role in the globalization of nurse anesthesia education and practice.

Since its beginning in 1989, the International Federation of Nurse Anesthetists (IFNA) has had as its major goal in the advancement of educational standards and practices that support and enhance patient care and safety. This article highlights the development of the IFNA, its purpose, and its structure. Educational and practice standards are discussed and quality assurance in international education highlighted.

Educational Measurement↗