Dietary fiber--nostrum or critical nutrient?
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Charleston, South Carolina, USA has a rich history extending over 300 years. The plantations of the Carolina Low Country produced rice, indigo and cotton. Mosquitoes, which abounded in the wetlands, transmitted diseases such as Yellow Fever and epidemics occurred almost every year. African slaves, however, had a natural immunity to the disease and, together with the climate and the nature of the work, this shaped the economic and social system of the area. Physicians offered all sorts of cures to deal with the medical problems of the area and apothecaries also sold many nostrums including leeches. Newspaper advertisements reveal that these bloodsuckers were extensively used for many decades.
Elephantiasis verrucosa nostrum occurs when lymphatic obstruction of sufficient magnitude causes back pressure in the lymphatic channels forceful enough to produce superficial vessel dilation which has a "pebbly" or cobble-stone appearance. Unchecked this can progress to a marked verrucous or mossy appearance, frequently complicated by infection, with swelling and gross deformity. The patient presented here was both post-phlebitic and post-lymphatic with significant deformity. He showed dramatic improvement on a regimen of antibiotics and elevation followed by decompression and routine use of pressure-gradient support garments. This has not recurred and he has remained under control since 1979.
Soon after the discovery of radium, a school of practitioners arose who were interested primarily in the physiological rather than the tumoricidal powers of this new radioactive element. This treatment philosophy was called "mild radium therapy" and involved the oral or parenteral administration of microgram quantities of radium and its daughter isotopes, often as cures for rheumatic diseases, hypertension, and metabolic disorders. Manufacturers of patent medicines responded to this market by producing a variety of over-the-counter radioactive preparations including pills, elixirs, and salves. One such nostrum was Radithor, a popular and expensive mixture of radium 226 and radium 228 in distilled water. Radithor was advertised as an effective treatment for over 150 "endocrinologic" diseases, especially lassitude and sexual impotence. Over 400,000 bottles, each containing over 2 muCi (74 kBq) of radium, were apparently marketed and sold worldwide between 1925 and 1930. The death of the Pittsburgh millionaire sportsman Eben M. Byers, who was an avid Radithor user, by radium poisoning in 1932 brought an end to this era and prompted the development of regulatory controls for all radiopharmaceuticals.
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Sixty-nine patients or parents of patients were interviewed during a five-week period. Each interviewee was given a questionnaire listing commonly recommended unproved drugs, diets, and miscellaneous treatments, and was instructed to respond to each remedy as follows: Have you tried it? Have you considered trying it? Has it been recommended by someone else? Six patients (8.7%) had tried at least one unproved remedy, four (5.8%) considered trying some other remedy, and recommendations to seek other remedies had been made to 17 patients (24.6%). Laetrile and assistance from faith healers were the remedies named most frequently.
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