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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Significance of electron microscopy in the diagnosis of undifferentiated neoplasms of the nose and nasal sinuses].

Undifferentiated neoplasms of nose and nasal sinuses are very rare. They are very difficult to diagnose by both light and electron microscopies. Twelve cases of undifferentiated neoplasms of nose and nasal sinuses were collected and the morphological features under light and electron microscopes compared histologically. The results showed that correct diagnoses were only obtained in six cases by light microscopy. The other six cases were diagnosed by electron microscopy as malignant melanomas in two cases, leiomyosarcoma in one case, olfactory neuroblastomas in two cases and malignant fibrous histiocytoma in one case. It showed that a correct diagnosis for undifferentiated neoplasm of nose and nasal sinuses was impossible to obtain by light microscopy only. Poorly differentiated olfactory neuroblastoma was also difficult to diagnose under electron microscope because the neurosecretory cytoplasmic granules were not easy to find and several hours would be required to search for them under electron microscope.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Treatment of patients with malignant neoplasms of the nose and paranasal sinuses].

The author analyzes and discusses characteristic features of the results of combined treatment in 260 patients with malignant tumours of the superior maxilla, nose and accessory sinuses. The majority of patients were from 40 to 60 years old (81.5%). These were 158 men and 102 women. Epithelial tumours were diagnosed in 91.5%, sarcomas in 8.5% cases. The flattened-cell form of cancer with or without keratosis was diagnosed in 82.7%; other forms of cancer-in 17.3% cases. Sarcoma in women was diagnosed 3.5 times as often as in men. Tumours of the I stage were found in 12, of the II stage in 34. of the III stage in 146, of the IV stage in 73 patients. All patients were subjected to combined treatment-telegammatherapy and resection of the tumour with an electroknife. Patients with cancer of the I stage were first operated on with the electroknife and then subjected to radiotherapy with a focal dose of 3000-4000 rad. The 34 patients with cancer of the II stage underwent preoperative radiotherapy with a focal dose of 4500 to 5000 rad, then surgical intervention followed in 2-5 weeks. Preoperative radiotherapy was practiced in the 146 patients with cancer of the III stage, the total dose per focus being 5000-6000 rad, surgical intervention followed in 3-5 weeks. The 73 patients with cancer of the IV stage were operated on after radiotherapy with a focal dose of 6500-700 rad. Early and remote results of combined treatment in 260 patients were favourable. The length of life was up to 3 years in 119 (45.77%), up to 5 years in 74 (28.46%), up to 10 years in 48 (18.5%), over 10 years in 22 (8.5%) patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The association of selected cancers with service in the US military in Vietnam. III. Hodgkin's disease, nasal cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, and primary liver cancer. The Selected Cancers Cooperative Study Group.

As part of a series of investigations into the health of Vietnam veterans, we conducted case-control studies involving 310 men with Hodgkin's disease, 48 with nasal carcinoma, 80 with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, 130 with primary liver cancer, and 1776 controls between 1984 and 1988. All men born between 1929 and 1953 and diagnosed in an area covered by eight cancer registries were considered eligible as cases; controls were recruited by random-digit dialing. Whereas the study had excellent power (96%) to detect a twofold increase in risk for Hodgkin's disease among Vietnam veterans, its ability to detect a similarly elevated risk in the other cancers was limited, ranging from 38% (nasal carcinoma) to 75% (primary liver cancer). Analyses showed that risks among Vietnam veterans relative to other men were 1.1 (Hodgkin's disease), 0.7 (nasal carcinoma), 0.5 (nasopharyngeal carcinoma), and 1.2 (primary liver cancer). None of these relative risks was significantly different from 1.0. Similar results were obtained if Vietnam veterans were compared with (1) other veterans or (2) men who never served in the military. An examination of several attributes of military service in Vietnam (eg, branch, duration of service, and other characteristics that may have been associated with the use of Agent Orange) failed to identify any groups of veterans who were at increased risk for Hodgkin's disease. Small numbers limited further analyses of nasal, nasopharyngeal, and liver cancer. These results provide no evidence that, 15 to 25 years following service in Vietnam, the risk of these malignant neoplasms is higher among veterans.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Cytology of bronchial washings: a study of patients with malignant neoplasms of the head and neck.

Among 18 patients with locally advanced malignant neoplasms of the head and neck region, bronchial washings failed to reveal tumor cells despite the demonstration of exfoliated tumor cells in washings from the region of the primary tumor in 13 (72 percent) of the patients. Among 17 patients with bronchogenic carcinomas, however, tumor cells were isolated from the bronchial washings in 14 (82 percent). These results indicate that, in patients with malignant neoplasms of the head and neck, tumor cells found in bonchial washings probably are not from the primary head and neck neoplasms. Thus, cytologic examination of bronchial washings may be validly employed in the differential diagnosis of the pulmonary tumors in patients with malignant neoplasms of the head and neck region.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1976

Nonepithelial tumors of the nasal cavity paranasal sinuses, and nasopharynx: a clinicopathologic study. V. Skeletal muscle tumors (rhabdomyoma and rhabdomyosarcoma).

In a study of nonepithelial tumors involving the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and nasopharynx, 19 lesions (three rhabdomyomas, 16 rhabdomyosarcomas) showed skeletal muscle differentiation. The clinical findings associated with these neoplasms are reviewed, the histologic features are illustrated, results of treatment are presented, and clinicopathologic correlations are discussed. The rhabdomyomas grew as localized masses in the nasopharynx, were excised locally, and behaved clinically like benign tumors. The rhabdomyosarcomas were found predominantly in children and were associated with a poor prognosis; most of the patients died within 2 years following diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

High-energy photon and electron beam.

The optimum radiation treatment plan for any given clinical situation can be achieved by combining various irradiation modalities and beam energies. The availability of equipment that provides photon and electron beams of energies from 4 MeV to 25 MeV permits optimal dose distribution throughout the treatment volume. Since no difference in the biological effectiveness of electrons compared with megavoltage photons has been demonstrated in laboratory studies, there is no hesitation in combining electrons with photons. The selection of the various energies, the combination of electrons with photons, and the ratio of the given doses of each beam depend on the location of the tumor and the maximum depth to be treated. With the use of one beam alone, a combination of 25 MeV and 4 to 6 MeV photon beams, or a combination of photons and electrons, the most effective treatment plan with the available beams can be designed for any clinical situation.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Nonepithelial tumors of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx. A clinicopathologic study. IX. Plasmacytomas.

Plasmacytomas occasionally may arise in extraosseous sites, of which the upper respiratory tract is the most common. In our series of 256 nonepithelial tumors involving the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx, 10 (4%) were apparently primary extramedullary plasmacytomas. Of our patients with adequate follow-up information, four died of disseminated disease 2, 4, 5 and 6 years after the initial diagnosis. One was alive 6 years after diagnosis with locally persistent tumor. Another was living without recurrence 12 years later. Based on our findings and on the cases reported in the literature, extramedullary plasmacytomas arising in the head and neck area may evolve into one of several different patterns. 1) Some patients have localized disease which is apparently controlled (by surgery, radiotherapy or both) and which never recurs locally or becomes disseminated. 2) In some cases, the tumor recurs locally and is controlled by further therapy. 3) Other patients have a locally persistent and aggressive lesion which cannot be eradicated and which eventually leads to the patient's death by uncontrolled local growth. 4) Still other patients eventually develop evidence of plasma cell neoplasms elsewhere in the body and/or multiple myeloma.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Nonepithelial tumors of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx: a clinicopathologic study. X. Malignant lymphomas.

In our series of 256 nonepithelial tumors involving the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx, 21 were apparently primary malignant lymphomas, including 17 ordinary lymphomas and 4 cases of "midline malignant reticulosis." Of the 15 patients who had ordinary lymphomas and had adequate follow-up, 8 died of lymphoma, 4 were living with disseminated disease, 1 died of other causes with persistent lymphoma and only 2 (13%) had no evidence of recurrence at 8 and 9 years after diagnosis. The tumor was controlled in its primary site by radiotherapy in 13 of 14 patients; however, all but 2 of these patients eventually developed disseminated disease. Of the 3 patients who had midline malignant reticulosis (MMR) and had adequate follow-up, all died of disease. MMR represents an unusual variant of malignant lymphoma and often produces the clinical picture of lethal midline granuloma.

Adult↗