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In experiment on cockerels, the interaction of sulphadimidine with nitrovin manifested itself in an effect on the distribution of sulphadimidine, and particularly on its bloodlevel; this depended, among other factors, on the age of the animals. At nitrovin medication, the bloodlevels of sulphadimidine were higher, mainly soon after administration, and their drop was quicker than in untreated animals. This effect on the levels of sulphadimidine in the blood was pronounced in three-week-old chickens, whereas in older birds it was feeble or absent. Except the higher level 30 min. after application to.five-week-old chickens given feed with 120 g t-1 of nitrovin, the differences were statistically insignificant. The changes in the concentration of sulphonamide in the liver and kidneys corresponded with the changes observed in the blood; the concentration in muscle was not affected by nitrovin under the given conditions. The favourable effect of nitrovin on weight gains, demonstrated in principle during the experiment, was directly dependent upon the concentration of nitrovin in feed. As to the effect of the length of its administratiion, the three-day administration of nitrovin (before weighing) to cockerels up to five weeks of age had a better influence on gains than administration from the sixth day after the medicated of the chickens. In older cockerels the gains were better in the groups treated for a longer time, i. e. from the sixth day from hatching.
The effect of the Czechoslovak product Nitrovin, administered at a rate of 15 mg per kg of feed mixture, was studied as exerted on the growth activity, meat quality, and the development and intensity of occurrence of patho-morphological changes ascribable to Marek's disease. An increase of weight gains and dressing percentage was recorded in the group of birds given Nitrovin, as well as in those which had Nitrovin in their feed and were infected with a highly virulent virus of Marek's disease. No significant changes occurred in the contents of dry matter and protein, but there was a much lower fat content in breast muscle in the groups of chickens infected with the Marek disease virus. Internal organs were subjected to biometrical measurements. The birds treated with Nitrovin and infected with the highly virulent virus of Marek's disease had significantly lighter hearts and heavier spleens. Liver, nervus ischiadicus, gonads and spleen were affected most intensively by the changes testifying to Marek's disease. The results are just preliminary and the investigation continues.
Nitrovin, a nitrofuran feed additive, is shown to be directly mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 and TA 100 between 0.1 and 2.5 microgram per plate (0.09--2.3 micrometer). Addition of a rat-liver homogenate reduces the mutation rates. Nitrovin inhibits growth of the same bacteria in suspension cultures at concentrations above 0.09 micrometer.
Nitrovin is extracted from a medicated feed by means of a solvent mixture consisting of dichloromethane, methanol and ammonia solution and then the nitrovin is determined in the extract by high-performance liquid chromatography using a cyano-column.
In order to establishe the length of the protective period for which the animals are given food without chemical growth stimulators before slaughter two methods are proposed permitting wide use in sanitary control: 1/ A highly sensitive method of pulse-polarography has been worked out for the estimation of widely used growth stimulator nitrovin residues/ 1.5-bis/5-nitro2-furyl/1.4-pentadiene-3-on amidinohydrazone / and its metabolites. In the tissues of the experimental animals examined were found residues at a level of about 50 ppb. The limit of sensitivity of the procedure used is 10 ppb. 2/ Based upon double-electron reduction of the quinoxaline circle a simple and sufficiently sensitive polarographic method was worked out for the estimation of carbadox residues / quinoxaline-1.4-N-dioxide-2-methylcarbazate/and its main metabolite / quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid/. With the sensitivity of the method of 0.1 ppm excretion curves were designed and residue levels were determined in tissues of pigs fed up to 56 days of age by feed containing 20 - 50 ppm of carbadox.
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