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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Carrier screening for cystic fibrosis, Gaucher disease, and Tay-Sachs disease in the Ashkenazi Jewish population: the first 1000 cases at New York University Medical Center, New York, NY.

BACKGROUND: By late 1993, the genes for cystic fibrosis and Gaucher disease and the mutations common among Ashkenazi Jews had been identified. In response to these advances, heterozygote screening for cystic fibrosis and Gaucher disease was added to the more than 20-year-old Tay-Sachs disease screening program at New York University Medical Center, New York, NY. OBJECTIVE: To review the outcomes from the first 1000 patients screened through this program. METHODS: Patients and their referring physicians were informed about the new carrier tests. At the time of screening, patients could choose their tests (hexosaminidase A by enzyme analysis for Tay-Sachs disease or mutation analysis for cystic fibrosis and Gaucher disease). All partners of Tay-Sachs and cystic fibrosis carriers were tested. Prenatal diagnosis was offered and performed for carrier couples or mixed-marriage couples in whom the Ashkenazi Jewish partner was a carrier of Gaucher disease. Outcomes were measured by: (1) choice of tests, (2) decisions regarding prenatal diagnosis, and (3) phenotypes of children born to patients who underwent screening. RESULTS: The majority of Ashkenazi Jewish patients chose to have testing for all 3 diseases. If they previously underwent screening for Tay-Sachs disease, then they chose to undergo testing for cystic fibrosis and Gaucher disease. All carrier couples for each of these diseases went on to have prenatal testing. All mixed-marriage couples in whom the Jewish partner was found to be a carrier for Gaucher disease chose to have prenatal diagnosis. One fetus was identified as having cystic fibrosis. Since the program was initiated, no Ashkenazi Jewish baby has been born with any of these diseases at New York University Medical Center. CONCLUSIONS: New tests can be readily incorporated into established heterozygote screening programs. The Ashkenazi Jewish population described herein tends to choose testing for all conditions for which heterozygote screening is available.

Cystic Fibrosis↗
PubMed1989

History of the renal section, New York University School of Medicine 1926-1986, New York University Medical Center.

This history of the Renal Section at New York University School of Medicine ascribes its birth to a policy introduced by John Henry Wyckoff in 1924 that divided the Department of Medicine into sections devoted to the various subspecialties. Physicians selected to head each section sought further training. William Goldring, asked to organize the kidney section, spent a sabbatical year working with Homer William Smith, chairman and professor of the department of physiology at New York University School of Medicine. The second event was the development of a postdoctoral fellowship program in which medical school graduates, following completion of their intern and residency program, returned to basic science departments for exposure to and training in research in preparation for their return to clinical medicine. The aim of this fellowship program was to introduce the experimental method, which had been productive in the physical sciences, to the study and treatment of disease in man. The third event was the continuous collaboration between members of the Department of Medicine and the Department of Physiology under the chairmanship of Homer Smith. Experimental protocols in cardiovascular and renal physiology developed in the laboratory were carried over to Bellevue Hospital for studies and treatment of patients with hypertensive and renal diseases under the direction of members of the Renal Section. The final step conceived by Saul J. Farber, Chairman and Professor of the Department of Medicine was unification into a single group of all faculty members working in the field of hypertensive and renal diseases in Bellevue, University, and Manhattan Veterans Administration Hospitals. The Renal Section then can attribute its origin and development to the establishment of divisions within the Department of Medicine, the postdoctoral fellowship program, and the collaboration between the Departments of Medicine and Physiology. The establishment of the Renal Section served as a prototype for organizing medical school faculties into teams responsible for teaching, investigation, and treating hypertensive and renal diseases and spawned nephrology as a subspecialty of Internal Medicine.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed1997

Neurological surgery at New York University Medical Center.

New york university Medical Center underwent a complex evolution in a rapidly growing and dynamic city. Care for the hospital-based poor resulted in international preeminence in surgical techniques. Neurosurgery at New York University has also evolved to meet the demands of the Medical Center and the community. Developments in high technology surgery and telecommunications will provide an international resource and trainees who are prepared to face the challenges of practice in the next century.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Facility report: New York University Imaging Science Center.

Current activity at the New York University Imaging Science Center, New York, is focused on diagnostic ultrasonographic imaging of soft tissues and computerized neurosurgery. For the latter, a new computed tomographic scanner has been designed.

Connective Tissue↗
PubMed1998

Pallidotomy technique and results: the New York University experience.

The authors relate the New York University experience with 171 pallidotomies performed on 160 consecutive patients over a 6-year period. Details of their patient selection criteria, operative technique, preliminary clinical results, and surgical complications are reported. They conclude that unilateral posteroventral pallidotomy is a safe and effective treatment for a subset of Parkinson's disease patients who suffer with rigidity, bradykinesia, tremor, and L-dopa-induced dyskinesia. Patients with Parkinson's Plus syndromes can be definitively identified with positron emission tomography and do not improve with pallidotomy. The routine performance of bilateral pallidotomy remains controversial.

Globus Pallidus↗
PubMed2001

The New York University Pediatric Heart Failure Index: a new method of quantifying chronic heart failure severity in children.

OBJECTIVE: The assessment of the severity of heart failure in pediatric patients is handicapped by the subjectivity of diagnostic parameters. This study evaluated the feasibility of a new standardized heart failure index, the New York University Pediatric Heart Failure Index (NYU PHFI), to quantify the degree of heart failure in a selected pediatric population. METHODS AND RESULTS: The index is a weighted, linear combination of scores based on symptoms, physical signs, and medical regimen. Overall, healthy children (n = 12) scored very low (0 to 2) on this index. Mean scores of children (<2 years; mean age, 4.8 months; n = 12) with a left-to-right shunt lesion declined from 11.4 (SD +/- 4.1, P <.001, 2-tailed test) before surgery to 1.8 (SD +/- 1.3) after surgical correction of their cardiac defects. The average inter-observer correlation coefficient was 0.95 (P <.001), despite a wide range of scores. CONCLUSIONS: The NYU PHFI appears to be a reliable and convenient instrument for measuring heart failure severity in children. These initial results support further testing in broader diagnostic and age groups and over longer periods.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Medical humanities at New York University School of Medicine: an array of rich programs in diverse settings.

The New York University School of Medicine has a rich tradition of cultivating programs in medical humanities and professionalism. They are drawn from the departments, centers, students, and faculty in the School of Medicine, have linkages throughout the university, and are interwoven into the fabric and culture of the institution. Some are centrally based in the School of Medicine's deans' office, and others are located in individual departments and receive support from the dean's office. This article describes representative programs for medical students and faculty. Curricular initiatives, the fundamental components of medical students' learning, include a course entitled "The Physician, Patient, and Society," a clerkship essay in the Medicine Clerkship, an opportunity for reflection during the medicine clerkship, and a medical humanities elective. In 2002, the Professionalism Initiative was launched to enhance and reflect the values of the medical profession. Its curriculum consists of a series of events that coordinate, particularly, with existing elements of the first-year curriculum (e.g., orientation week, a session during anatomy, a self-assessment workshop, and a peer-assessment workshop). The Master Scholars Program is a group of five, theme-based master societies consisting of faculty and students who share common interests around the society's themes. Programs developed for the societies include colloquia, faculty-led seminars, a mandatory student-mentoring program, and visiting scholars. Finally, the authors describe three high-quality literary publications created at New York University School of Medicine. Each of the initiatives undergoes regular critical examination and reflection that drive future planning.

Clinical Clerkship↗
PubMed1989

Serial angiographic assessment of coronary artery obstruction and collateral flow in acute myocardial infarction. Report from the second Mount Sinai-New York University Reperfusion Trial.

In the Second Mt. Sinai-New York University Reperfusion Trial, in which change of ejection fraction was the primary end point, the following secondary end points were prospectively assessed by serial coronary angiography: patency of the infarct artery both before intervention and 10-14 days later, acute and delayed recanalization rates, presence or absence of collateral flow, and complication rates of acute interventional catheterization. We assigned 393 patients randomly to groups receiving acute cardiac catheterization and a double-blind intracoronary infusion of streptokinase (SK arm), both streptokinase and nitroglycerin (SK-NTG arm), nitroglycerin alone (NTG arm), or conventional therapy without acute catheterization (control arm). Prospective stratification was based on duration of infarct pain before randomization: group A, less than 2 hours; Group B, 2-12 hours. Baseline patency rates were comparable in patients studied within 6 hours (30%, 40 of 135) and those studied later (24%, 32 of 133). This finding refutes the hypothesis that spontaneous recanalization occurs frequently after 6 hours. The acute recanalization rates of the SK arm (60%, 40 of 67) and the SK-NTG arm (63%, 29 of 62) did not differ. During streptokinase infusion, more vessels recanalized in group A (81%, 22 of 27) than in group B (56%, 57 of 102) (p less than 0.01); this was due to a significant reduction of recanalization rates from 75% (48 of 64) to 45% (26 of 62) with treatment after 6 hours (p less than 0.01). Delayed recanalization, that is, patency at end point but not postintervention, was seen in 17% (17 of 100) of total occlusions treated with streptokinase. In group A, all total occlusions treated with streptokinase recanalized either acutely (20 of 22) or delayed (two of 22), whereas in group B, 23% (18 of 78) remained obstructed. The reocclusion rate in the SK arms was 17% (11 of 65). In the NTG arm, recanalization occurred during intervention in 4% (two of 47) and delayed in 45% (21 of 47). At end-point angiography, the patency rates of the NTG arm (62%, 41 of 66) and the control arm (58%, 36 of 62) were comparable; those of the SK arms were higher (75%, 105 of 140) (p less than 0.01). Total occlusion was associated with collateral flow in 33% (66 of 199) at baseline; the prevalence of collaterals did not increase with time to angiography, which indicates that they had developed before the index event.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Angiography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Department of Ophthalmology at the New York University Medical Center, 1960-2001. A personal journey.

This autobiographical narrative describes many of the activities of the Department of Ophthalmology at New York University Medical Center that took place under the stewardship of Goodwin M. Breinin, who was chairman from 1958 to 2000. The author recalls his 40 years of collaborative research during this period, exploring the visual system with many faculty members at New York University and participating in departmentally sponsored studies elsewhere.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1963

TEMPERATURE LIMITS, GENEALOGICAL ORIGIN, DEVELOPMENTAL COURSE, AND ULTIMATE FATE OF HEAT-INDUCED FILAMENTS IN ESCHERICHIA COLI MICROCULTURES.

Hoffman, Heiner (New York University, New York, N.Y.) and Michael E. Frank. Temperature limits, genealogical origin, developmental course, and ultimate fate of heat-induced filaments in Escherichia coli microcultures. J. Bacteriol. 85:1221-1234. 1963.-The heat induction of filaments in microcultures of Escherichia coli occurred through a wide range of temperature, with 43.5 C being the upper limit at which all cells continued to grow. The lower temperature limit was not determined, but filaments were obtained at room temperature in overnight cultivations. The evidence from genealogical histories, growth rates, and cell and filament lengths strongly suggested that the filaments are collections of morphologically undifferentiated, but quasi-independent cell units which continue to grow and multiply while retaining the capacity eventually to break off completely as normal, nonfilamented cells. Filaments which failed to give off a daughter by the end of the second generation after their inception lyse explosively. The evidence obtained contradicts the hypothesis that the mother cell of a clonal microcolony becomes a filament and eventually lyses, although the cell length patterns upon which this hypothesis is based were reproduced. A high degree of synchronization of division was obtained and maintained through the entire period of incubation, which in some cultivations extended into the tenth generation.

Cold Temperature↗
PubMed1963

TIME-LAPSE PHOTOMICROGRAPHY OF THE FORMATION OF A FREE SPHERICAL GRANULE IN AN ESCHERICHIA COLI CELL END.

Hoffman, Heiner (New York University, New York), and Michael E. Frank. Time-lapse photomicrography of the formation of a free spherical granule in an Escherichia coli cell end. J. Bacteriol. 86:1075-1078. 1963.-Only a single case of the formation of a free spherical granule at an Escherichia coli cell end was found among several thousand cells recorded by time-lapse photomicrography. The spherical end body apparently arose immediately upon or soon after binary fission, at the newly formed cell end. Several minutes elapsed between the appearance of the end body and its full separation, apparently by constriction, from the mother cell. The end body showed no cytological changes during a 51-min period of observation after its separation from the mother cell. A hypothesis concerning the nature of end bodies and the mechanisms underlying their production is presented.

Cytoplasmic Granules↗
PubMed1964

"GERMINATION TUBE" GROWTH IN ESCHERICHIA COLI MICROCULTURES.

Hoffman, Heiner (New York University, New York, N.Y.), and Michael E. Frank. "Germination tube" growth in Escherichia coli microcultures. J. Bacteriol. 88:1151-1154. 1964.-Analysis of extensive time-lapse photomicrographic records of Escherichia coli microcultures uncovered two cases in which there occurred aberrant cell growth resembling a germination tube. Although previously observed by a number of investigators in gram-positive bacteria, the present observations appear to constitute the first time-lapse photomicrographic record concerning a gram-negative form. In the first case, with photographs taken at 15-sec intervals, the cell initially exhibited a clublike deformation, and the "germ tube" then issued from the club head. The "tube" had developed into a separate cell by the time the photographic record was concluded. In the second case, with the photographs taken at 1-min intervals over a longer period of time, the "germ tube" cell assumed a plastic dumbbell-like form after separation from its sister. It is suggested that the phenomenon results from a disturbance in cell-wall synthesis, while cytoplasmic growth continues unabated.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1965

TIME-LAPSE PHOTOMICROGRAPHY OF CELL GROWTH AND DIVISION IN ESCHERICHIA COLI.

Hoffman, Heiner (New York University, New York, N.Y.), and Michael E. Frank. Time-lapse photomicrography of cell growth and division in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 89:212-216. 1965.-Photomicrographs at 15-sec intervals of cells growing at 37 C disclosed that in a cell with a generation time of 21.0 min the processes of furrowing, cross-wall formation, and cell separation are completed within 2.5 min after the division furrow first becomes clearly visible. Among a large number of cultivations examined, only a few cells late in one microculture at 43.5 C failed to separate once the cross wall was completed. Measurements of cell lengths during a 5-min period, extending from just before to just after division, showed that elongation of the cell is a discontinuous process, although the growth rate over the 5-min period is exponential. At the time of cell division, it appears that the synthesis of cell-wall material is diverted entirely into formation of the cross wall.

Cell Cycle↗