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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Maternal deprivation, 1972-1978: new findings, new concepts, new approaches.

Research since 1972 in the field of "maternal deprivation" is critically reviewed. The results are used to reassess briefly the formulations proposed in 1972 and to discuss more fully the meaning and practical implications of fresh findings on new or recently revived topics. These include the development of social relationships and the process of bonding, critical periods of development, the links between childhood experiences and parenting behavior, influences on parenting, and the possible reasons why so many children do not succumb to deprivation or disadvantage.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Plasma cholesterol levels and ischemic heart disease: new findings and new approaches].

The information explosion characteristic of recent years has presented a series of findings enabling a more effective prevention of ischemic heart disease by controlling low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels of cholesterol. The detection of LDL receptors has provided new information on the mechanisms regulating the level of plasma LDL. Data on competitive inhibitors of endogenous cholesterol synthesis have afforded new possibilities of pharmacological control of LDL levels. Studies of primary prevention of ischemic heart disease have yielded evidence showing that a 1% decrease of cholesterol level reduces coronary risk by 2%. A prospective study of the relationship between cholesterol levels and coronary mortality, absolutely unique as to its extent (368,000 middle-aged men followed up over a period of 6 years) has demonstrated that there is no borderline cholesterol level below which coronary risk would be absolutely excluded. Between total cholesterol level and coronary mortality there is a close, continual and graded relationship. In light of these findings, total cholesterol levels have been reclassified: desirable levels -5.2 x 10(-3) mol.l-1, borderline risk levels under 5.2-6.2 x 10(-3) mol.l-1, and high risk levels--above 6.2 x 10(-3) mol.l-1. In subjects with several risk factors (smoking, hypertension, familial occurrence of heart, heart disease, obesity, diabetes mellitus, HDL cholesterol below 0.9 x 10(-3) mol.l-1) the level of total cholesterol should be brought down below 4 x 10(-3) mol.l-1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Hereditary motor sensory neuropathy type II with neurofilament accumulation: new finding or new disorder?

Peroneal muscular atrophy is now known to be heterogeneous and to be due to various underlying genetic mechanisms. Exploring this heterogeneity further, we report on a German kinship with the clinical, genetic, and nerve conduction features of hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type II (HMSN type II) but whose sural nerves on biopsy were found to show infrequent axonal swellings with neurofilament accumulations not previously described. The dominant inheritance and absence of kinky hair set this disorder apart from giant axonal neuropathy. There was no history of toxic exposure to industrial chemicals. We conclude that the disorder either is a new type of HMSN or is HMSN type II with previously unencountered neurofilament accumulations. Neurofilament accumulation indicates that the axon could be a site for primary derangement and may implicate an abnormality of slow axonal flow. In addition, some of the patients exhibited features suggestive of a cardiomyopathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[New findings in the genetics of type II diabetes].

The review of new findings from the sphere of clinical, molecular genetic and physiological investigations is focused on the interpretation of the genetic transmission of type II diabetes, on possibilities of the early identification of relatives of diabetics liable to develop the disease and on the assessment of primary genetic defects. Associations of type II diabetes are sought in particular with polymorphism of the gene for insulin, insulin receptor and glucose transport. The author discusses also the problem of regulating genes and impaired dynamics of insulin secretion. The key problem of effective use of pretentious methods of genetic research is the selection of families of type II diabetics suitable for genealogical studies.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2↗
PubMed1976

[Trends and new findings in the assessment of the somatic radiation risk (author's transl)].

New findings are described which enable a more precise estimation of the leukemia and cancer risk by radiation. They concern the risk ratio of cancer to leukemia after whole body irradiation, the shape of the dose-risk-relationship and the time factor problem. Finally a balance of the somatic radiation risk from whole body irradiation is set up and the consequences for the establishment of dose limits are discussed.

Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation↗
PubMed1989

[New findings on the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis].

In the submitted review the authors present some new findings and approaches pertaining to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). First they describe cells participating in the development of the articular inflammation and mediators which transmit signals between these cells and which may lead to their activation. The authors mention the immune complex role of rheumatoid factors and some new theories on their development. They describe effector substances directly responsible for the resulting damage and emphasize their final role in the entire cycle preceding the inflammatory reaction in which lymphocytes, macrophages, polymorphonuclear leucocytes and dendritic cells participate. The possible role of viruses in the aetiology of RA is also mentioned. In the conclusion the authors present the sequence of mechanisms which lead to the development and maintenance of the chronic inflammatory reaction which develops probably on the background of the persisting autologous mixed lymphocytic reaction.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1992

Facial expressions of emotion: an old controversy and new findings.

Evidence on universals in facial expression of emotion and renewed controversy about how to interpret that evidence is discussed. New findings on the capability of voluntary facial action to generate changes in both autonomic and central nervous system activity are presented, as well as a discussion of the possible mechanisms relevant to this phenomenon. Finally, new work on the nature of smiling is reviewed which shows that it is possible to distinguish the smile when enjoyment is occurring from other types of smiling. Implications for the differences between voluntary and involuntary expression are considered.

Emotions↗
PubMed1979

Jerk nystagmus: some new findings.

Eye movements in a subject with jerk nystagmus were recorded during a variety of tracking tasks using a photoelectric method. New findings included ability to reduce nystagmus amplitude and frequency when instructed "to hold the eye steady" rather than "to fixate" in the presence of a visible target, changes in nystagmus characteristics and visual acuity as a function of head position which related to overall retinal-image motion, marked variability of nystagmus especially during reading, and necessity of a prolonged period of visual feedback for generation of nystagmus to approach a "steady-state" level. Clinical implications of these findings are discussed, including use of the "hold" command during ophthalmoscopy in patients with nystagmus.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[New findings on echinococcosis].

The following new aspects of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis (= infections with the metacestode stages of Echinococcus granulosus and E. multilocularis respectively) are reported: identification of a Swiss E. granulosus isolate as "cattle strain" which differs from the "sheep strain"; new observations on proliferation and metastasis formation of larval E. multilocularis; information on chemotherapy of human echinococcosis; recent developments in immunoserology. The latter includes a new technique for serological differential diagnosis of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis, the determination of parasite-specific immunoglobulin classes (IgG, IgM, IgA and IgE) and circulating antigens in ELISA, and the introduction of arc-5 detection in routine serodiagnosis. A highly purified, species-specific antigen from E. multilocularis is now available for seroepidemiological studies.

Anthelmintics↗
PubMed1989

Approaches for finding new types of antipsychotic compounds.

There is strong evidence that pharmacological interaction with central dopamine transmission at several levels may induce antipsychotic effects in psychiatric patients. All the pharmacological principles interacting with other systems have so far not been established with regard to antipsychotic potential. Besides the dopamine system pharmacological manipulation of central serotonergic, gabaergic and noradrenergic mechanisms may also be of therapeutic value in schizophrenia. The interaction of peptidergic mechanisms and central dopaminergic mechanisms is another avenue for further exploration regarding to pathophysiology of psychosis and its treatment. Elucidation of the heterogeneity and molecular structure of central dopamine receptors seems the most rational approach for creating new dimensions for further development of drug design for pharmacotherapy of psychosis. The detailed mapping of afferent and efferent systems coupled to central dopamine neurons is also an approach that may give guide-lines for finding new types of antipsychotic drugs.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Heart-hand syndrome II. A report of Tabatznik syndrome with new findings.

The association of upper limb malformations and congenital cardiac anomalies was established as a definite clinical and genetic entity by Holt & Oram in 1960. Significant variability of malformations in both the upper limbs and the cardiovascular system has been well documented. In 1978, Temtamy & McKusick reported a family studied by Tabatznik, in which upper limb deformities, including type D brachydactyly, occurred in association with cardiac arrhythmias as a dominant, either autosomal or X-linked trait. They called this apparently new entity "Heart-Hand syndrome II" to distinguish it from the Holt-Oram syndrome. No other similar cases have subsequently been reported. We describe here the second family affected with the Tabatznik syndrome and add some new findings to the clinical spectrum of this condition.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1979

The gingival platinum line: a new finding following cis-dichlorodiammine platinum (II) treatment.

Cis-dichlorodiammine platinum (II) (DDP) is the salt of a heavy metal with a wide spectrum of antineoplastic activity. Its toxicity is multisystem and similar to that of other heavy metals, including lead and thallium. A young man being treated with primary adjuvant Adriamycin and DDP for osteogenic sarcoma is described who developed a gingival line which temporally was related to DDP administration. Although not chemically or histologically analyzed, we believe this to be a new finding related to DDP which corresponds to the lead line of plumbism and other heavy metal intoxication.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Spontaneous necrosis of the femoral condyle--new findings in T2-weighted spin-echo sequences and gradient-echo studies].

The spontaneous necrosis of the femur condyles might cause diagnostic problems because clinical symptoms precede the radiologic changes on conventional x-ray. MRI offers an early detection of the necrosis of the femur condyle like bone necrosis of other localisation. Nine patients were examined by T1- and T2-weighted spin echo- and by T2*-weighted gradient echo sequences. All patients had reduced signal intensity in the subchondral bone marrow on T1-w SE sequences. In three patients new findings were observed on T2-w SE and gradient echoes respectively. These findings allow better understanding in the underlying pathologic-anatomical changes.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Lead neuropathy. 1) Morphometry, nerve conduction, and choline acetyltransferase transport: new finding of endoneurial edema associated with segmental demyelination.

Morphometric and pathologic studies along the length of the peripheral nervous system were obtained in groups of rats fed 4% lead carbonate for 3 and 6 months and in match-fed controls. The number and diameter histograms of L6 cytons of spinal ganglia and of myelinated fibers of proximal and distal portions of peroneal and sural nerve were not significantly different from the control groups. On the other hand, segmental demyelination occurred approximately as frequently in proximal as in distal parts of nerves. At 3 months approximately 1/3 of teased myelinated fibers showed changes of segmental demyelination (Condition C), or of remyelination after segmental demyelination (Condition F) or of both segmental demyelination and of remyelination (Condition D), while at 6 months more than 4/5ths of fibers showed these changes. As expected, regression lines of axonal area on number of lamellae of myelin, were less steep in nerves of rats fed on lead for 6 months as compared to controls. Axonal transport of choline acetyltransferase in lead neuropathy did not differ from that in control rats. As expected from the studies of others, conduction velocity of myelinated fibers of caudal nerve were low. A new finding was the often quite striking increase of transverse fascicular area of peripheral nerves. This was due to edema which appeared to develop at about the time of onset os segmental demyelination. Although the edema may be an epiphenomenon, it could be an important observation bearing on the development of lead neuropathy. It would be important to know next whether or not the blood nerve barrier is altered in lead neuropathy.

Animals↗