Quantitative approaches to neuroscience research. 1990 annual meeting of the Neuroscience Society.
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Abstracts of the Second European Neuroscience Meeting, Florence, Italy, September 4-9, 1978 sponsored by the European Neuroscience Association.
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Abstracts of the Third European Neuroscience Meeting. Rome, Italy, September 11-14, 1979. Sponsored by the European Neuroscience Association.
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Neuroscience in Yugoslavia.
This survey is a personal account of the present status of neuroscience in Yugoslavia within the context of recent upheavals in Eastern Europe. The current situation in Yugoslavia, characterized by the absence of a Federal Ministry of Science and a poor scientific communication between federal states (republics), does not allow a comprehensive overview of neuroscience at the federal level. Even more difficult is to envisage the prospects of Yugoslav neuroscience in the light of European integration. Several problems serve to illustrate the present situation concerning Yugoslav neuroscience. First, the weakness of the self-organization of science in Yugoslavia during the past 20 years is still the most important denominator in the current trend of neuroscience. Second, different Yugoslav republics have significantly different systems of science funding and evaluation, which reflect very plainly different levels of democratic (and socioeconomic) changes that were attained during 1990. Third, due to the different numbers of trained scientists, facilities and equipment, funds and levels of international scientific cooperation there are major differences between republics in the tempo of progress towards real achievements in science. Finally, the present explosive development of neuroscience and the proclamation of the 'Decade of the Brain' will hopefully stimulate Yugoslav neuroscientists to seek better programmes of neuroscience research and to improve the extent and quality of international cooperation.
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An analysis of trends in neuroscience nursing research: 1960-1988.
This study examined trends in neuroscience nursing research from 1960 to 1988. The review was an extension of a study analyzing trends in cardiovascular nursing from 1960 to 1985. Four questions (similar to those developed by Yarcheski regarding elements essential to development of a scientific base) framed the present analysis of neuroscience nursing research studies. The sampling frame for the study consisted of four journals: Nursing Research, 1960-1988; Western Journal of Nursing Research, 1979-1988; Research in Nursing and Health, 1978-1988; Journal of Neurosurgical Nursing, 1969-1985; and Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, 1986-1988. These journals were canvassed for studies meeting specified criteria as neuroscience nursing research studies. A total of 71 studies meeting the stated criteria were included in the final sample and reviewed in a systematic manner to identify such characteristics as variables measured, type of approach to theory development, type of research design, number and type of subjects, data analysis procedures, interpretation and conclusions of the study. Findings of the study indicate there has been a substantial increase in the number of neuroscience studies conducted and reported by nurses and an increase in the number of principal authors with advanced degrees. The orientation of studies has shifted from chronic care or rehabilitation to acute care research. An absence of studies about prevention of head and spinal cord injury was noted. Although a trend toward the theory-then-research approach was detected, the research-then-theory approach has been and continues to be the primary strategy for the development of a body of scientific knowledge. It is possible that clinical nurses are using research more frequently to solve problems. Finally, the scientific methods employed in this group of studies have become more complex and varied over time.
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The neurosciences and neurosurgery.
Enhancing the time-honored bonds between the neurosciences and neurosurgery is essential. The basic neurosciences are the foundation upon which fundamental scientific training and clinical research depend. Together these form the resource essential to improving the public health. Both now face severe restraints in the support systems available to them, limited degrees of reciprocity, and uncertain human resources. It is critical that the neurosurgical and neuroscience communities renew and enhance their joint commitment and trust so that both can more effectively work together to secure resources appropriate to maintaining the cutting edge on behalf of the public health.
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Understanding implicit memory. A cognitive neuroscience approach.
Dissociations between implicit and explicit memory have attracted considerable attention in recent memory research. A central issue concerns whether such dissociations require the postulation of separate memory systems or are best understood in terms of different processes operating within a single system. This article presents a cognitive neuroscience approach to implicit memory in general and the systems-processes debate in particular, which draws on evidence from research with brain-damaged patients, neuroimaging techniques, and nonhuman primates. The article illustrates how a cognitive neuroscience orientation can help to supply a basis for postulating memory systems, can provide useful constraints for processing views, and can encourage the use of research strategies that the author refers to as cross-domain hypothesis testing and cross-domain hypothesis generation, respectively. The cognitive neuroscience orientation suggests a complementary role for multiple systems and processing approaches.
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Neuroscience in Poland.
Earlier this year I tried to locate and count the scientists who may possibly want to join the Polish Neuroscience Society. A first rough estimate indicated about 200-250 scientists, including graduate students, who do research on the nervous system. It seemed worthwhile to attempt to highlight their work so that Polish neuroscience might share in the impetus coming from the historical changes sweeping across Europe.
Forecasting↗
Novel approaches to clinical trial design in cancer neuroscience.
The emerging field of cancer neuroscience has revealed profound bidirectional interactions between the nervous system and cancer cells, identifying novel therapeutic vulnerabilities across diverse malignancies. This review examines the unique challenges and strategies for translating these insights into effective therapies. We propose innovative approaches to overcome these barriers through drug repurposing, enhanced biomarker development, and optimized trial designs. Repurposing neuroactive drugs with established safety profiles offers an accelerated path to clinical impact, particularly for targeting glutamatergic, adrenergic, and neurotrophic signaling pathways. Emphasizing mitigation of neurotoxicity and improved patient quality of life will be paramount moving forward. Repurposed agents that show preliminary potential for "dual use" (i.e., simultaneous toxicity mitigation and synergistic anti-tumor effects) are highlighted for special consideration. Master protocols and window-of-opportunity trials provide platforms to rapidly validate mechanisms while addressing patient-centered outcomes. By systematically addressing these foundational elements across disciplines, cancer neuroscience can translate its profound mechanistic insights into meaningful therapeutic advances for patients with treatment-resistant malignancies.
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Neuroscience nursing: designing the research proposal.
Writing a research proposal for a neuroscience nursing research project is much the same as writing a proposal for any other kind of research project. The same information is included in all proposals. Differences for the neuroscience nurse researcher include the nature of problems investigated (effects of various nursing care strategies on intracranial pressure, for example) and the nature of the target population, many of whom are cognitively impaired, very ill or both. More time may be involved in the collection of data from neurologically impaired persons than from normal persons.
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Clinical trials: the role of the neuroscience nurse.
Participation in clinical drug trials is becoming a common expectation of many neuroscience nurses. Prior to assuming responsibilities associated with a research study, the roles, rights and responsibilities involved must be thoroughly understood. The effective neuroscience nurse brings to the research arena a thorough knowledge of the drug under study, outstanding skills as a clinician and a commitment to ensure the safety and comfort of the participant as the search is made for better and more effective drug regimens.
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Managing pressure ulcers in the neuroscience patient.
Neuroscience patients, even with vigorous preventive efforts, are often at risk for developing pressure ulcers. Recognition of risk factors and institution of preventive techniques are essential aspects of initial management. Neuroscience nurses familiar with current treatment principles and products will be better prepared to offer their patients comprehensive skin care.
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Advances in the neurosciences and implications for nursing care.
There have been numerous advances in the neurosciences in the last decade. These include discoveries in the area of neurogenetics, as well as advances in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of neurologic diseases such as stroke, epilepsy and Parkinson's disease. These advances raise issues which have dramatic implications for nursing. In our society there is an increasing focus on technology. This focus, coupled with the reductionism of cellular and biochemical advances in the neurosciences, tends to take the focus away from the patient. Nursing care is critical in bridging the gap created by technological and biochemical discoveries.
Education, Nursing↗
A new role for neuroscience nurses: the case manager.
Nurse case managers are becoming more visible within the nursing profession. Practice settings range from acute care to independent companies developed for the purpose of case management. In each area, the development of a more autonomous nurse is emphasized. Neuroscience nurses are particularly suited for the role of case manager since their patients often require extensive rehabilitation and nursing care. As patients face earlier discharges, neuroscience case managers will be the link to vital resources in what is now an often fragmented system of care.
Forms and Records Control↗
Implementing managed care and case management: the neuroscience experience.
The case management model for patient care in the neuroscience area was recently implemented in the neurosciences area at a tertiary care hospital. Understanding of the concepts of case management and managed care were essential to the implementation process. Clustering of case types and appointment of group leaders made the development of individual care maps a manageable task. Case management of 2 case types, Parkinson's disease and Guillain Barré syndrome are described, including the rationale for selection, care map development and education. The process of continuing education focused on operational issues regarding utilization of the map and professional issues such as health teaching responsibilities.
Cost Control↗
Use of computer-assisted courseware in teaching neuroscience: the Graphic Brain.
We describe the development of a computer-assisted instructional tool for the neurosciences. Designed to run on readily available MS-DOS computers, the Graphic Brain utilizes computer-generated static and animated images and accompanying text to assist in instruction of neuroanatomy and neurophysiology. We have used the Graphic Brain in our medical neuroscience course and report that, as measured anecdotally and by test scores, it facilitates student comprehension of the space- and time-varying aspects of anatomy and physiology. When the Graphic Brain is used as an adjunct to lecture, we find that we can cover the same material in 75% of the time required using traditional methods.
Brain↗
[Neurosciences and philosophy].
The goal of this paper is to show the paralelism between the objectives of both, neurosciences and philosophy. First, a historical review of the common works on both fields of study is made; next, the implications of the brain-mind relationship and how the use of a cerebral function theory that help us to solve the problem are discussed. Finally, the social implications of cooperation between neurosciences and philosophy are analyzed.
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On psychoanalysis and neuroscience: Freud's attitude to the localizationist tradition.
This study examines the relationship between psychoanalysis and neuroscience. It argues that the Project, the traditional starting-point for such an examination, provides few substantial links between Freud's neurological and psychoanalytic careers. The neurological model that the Project endorsed was not derived from Freud's formal neurological education, as has so often been assumed. It was based, instead, on the Jacksonian model that he developed in 'On aphasia' in 1891. 'On aphasia' appears to be the real 'missing link' between Freud's neurological and psychological years. The fundamental principles that it endorsed provided the framework within which psychoanalysis developed. After Freud's death, Luria developed the science of dynamic neuropsychology, which is based on the same fundamental neurological assumptions as 'On aphasia'. Dynamic neuropsychology approaches brain functioning in a way that would have been entirely acceptable to Freud. Considering the deep-rooted compatibility between Luria's neuropsychology and Freud's psychoanalysis, it would be beneficial for both sciences if they were to collaborate on issues of common interest. This makes Freud's lifelong ambition that psychoanalysis be rejoined with neuroscience a very real possibility.
Aphasia↗