Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Nerve Compression Syndromes”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Cochleovestibular nerve compression syndrome. II. Vestibular nerve histopathology and theory of pathophysiology.

The present study was undertaken to systematically examine and characterize pathological changes in vestibular nerve specimens obtained at surgery in patients with symptomatic cochleovestibular nerve compression syndrome (CNCS). Vestibular nerves were obtained in six cases of CNCS and were intermingled with vestibular nerves obtained in cases of Meniere's disease. All of the nerve specimens were coded and reviewed microscopically in a blind-study fashion by the neuropathologist. The vestibular nerves obtained from CNCS cases showed significant endoneurial fibrosis, compared to controls (specimens from patients with Meniere's disease). Based on observations in this study, as well as the clinical symptoms and audiovestibular test findings in these patients, a theory of pathophysiology in CNCS of the cochleovestibular nerve is proposed. The implications of this theory are discussed with respect to the diagnosis of CNCS.

Axons↗
PubMed1992

Cochleovestibular nerve compression syndrome. I. Clinical features and audiovestibular findings.

Cochleovestibular nerve compression syndrome (CNCS) is the term used to describe a group of audiovestibular symptoms thought to be due to a vessel compressing the cochleovestibular nerve. These symptoms include recurrent vertigo, continuous disequilibrium and acquired motion intolerance. Recently, Moller reported that CNCS can be diagnosed based on abnormalities in the auditory brainstem response (ABR). After specifically excluding all other vestibular disorders, 63 patients with symptoms suggestive of CNCS were identified. These patients were systematically evaluated with a standard neurotologic test battery, and the results were reviewed retrospectively. Hearing loss was found in 51 (81%) of 63 cases, including 33 cases of unilateral high-frequency loss and 14 cases of middle-frequency loss. ABR data were interpreted with respect to Moller's criteria, and abnormal studies were found in 42 (75%) of 56 cases. Abnormal electronystagmograms were found in 57 (93%) of 61 cases. Thirteen of the patients subsequently underwent a posterior fossa procedure for vertigo and, vessels were found in contact with the cochleovestibular nerve in 11 of 13 cases. The results of this study suggest that the majority of CNCS patients have neurotologic test findings that suggest an abnormality of the cochleovestibular nerve. The results and their implications are discussed.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1977

[Vascular causes of median and ulnar nerve compression syndromes].

From a group of more than 200 patients with median and ulnar nerve compression syndrome three cases of interest are demonstrated in detail. In these cases vascular complications led to acurate events accompanied by grave symptoms. In order to prevent irreversible damage surgical treatment of such cases is indicated as soon as possible.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Medial epicondylectomy for ulnar nerve compression syndrome at the elbow.

Nineteen patients were evaluated 6--17 months after medial epicondylectomy (22 extremities) for ulnar nerve compression syndrome at the elbow. Medial epicondylectomy removes the prominence against which the ulnar nerve can be traumatically compressed and no operative handling of the nerve is necessary. Pre- and postoperative nerve conduction velocities were combined with subjective and objective evaluations of all patients. Statically significant correlations were found between the result and the postoperative nerve conduction velocity and the result and the per cent change of nerve conduction velocity. Ten extremities were classified as good results (48%), 4 as fair results (17%), and 8 as poor results (35%). Four limbs in the poor category and one limb in the fair category had electrical evidence of proximal compression neuropathy which compromised the end result. Exclusion of the patients with evidence of proximal neuropathy would yield 76% good or fair results. Measurement of ulnar nerve lengths in fresh cadavers demonstrated that ulnar nerve conduction velocity studies should be performed at 70 degrees of elbow flexion if accurate pre- and postoperative velocities are to be obtained.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[The pronator teres syndrome. Clinical aspects, pathogenesis and therapy of a non-traumatic median nerve compression syndrome in the space of the elbow joint].

The proximal compression neuropathy of the median nerve is described by 11 personal cases and a review of literature. The most reliable diagnostic sign is "pronation-pain", discomfort in the forearm localised under the pronator teres, produced by passive supination of the wrist, by active pronation from this position against resistance, okr by local pressure. A nearly constant finding is weakness of grip and paraesthesia or hypaesthesia of the fingers, not always following the normal median nerve distribution. Three different anatomic points of possible compression are described: 1. The supracondylar process of the humerus, or Struthers' ligament, a rare compression mechanism. 2. The passing of the nerve through the two variable heads of the pronator teres muscle. 3. The sharp edged superficialis bridge. Apart from compression of the entire median nerve single branches of the median nerve can be entrapped seperately (the anterior interosseus nerve, the Martin-Gruber-anastomosis to the ulnar nerve) Conservative treatment with immobilisation and local electric interference current application may be satisfactory. If clinical improvement is insufficient, surgical decompression is indicated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Chronic ulnar nerve compression syndrome at the elbow. Apropos of 74 cases].

Seventy-four patients were operated at Bichat hospital for chronic ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow between 1982 and 1988. For 62 of them, the etiology of the compression was idiopathic and these cases were treated by neurolysis only or, if the nerve was unstable, by neurolysis associated with medial epicondylectomy. For 12 of them, the etiology of the compression was post-traumatic and these cases were treated by anterior subcutaneous transposition of the nerve using a fat sling. The average follow-up is 28 months and the results take into account the clinical preoperative grading according Mac Gowan's classification: grade I subjective symptoms combined with hypoesthesia in ulnar fingers grade II: weakness and wasting of the interossei combined with subjective symptoms, grade III: marked weakness and wasting of the interossei, adductor pollicis, and hypothenar muscles combined with anesthesia in ulnar fingers. The 62 idiopathic compressions treated by neurolysis only or, if the nerve was unstable, by neurolysis associated with medial epicondylectomy showed 51 very good and good results. The 12 post-traumatic compressions treated by anterior subcutaneous transposition of the nerve using a fat sling showed 9 very good and good results. The authors stress the importance of their approach which takes account of the clinical preoperative grading and the etiology of the compression in order to apply correct surgical treatment.

Elbow↗
PubMed1975

Femoral nerve compression syndrome with paresis of the quadriceps muscle caused by radiotherapy of malignant tumours. A report of four cases.

Four patients showed signs of femoral nerve compression with subsequent paresis of the quadriceps muscle, after radiation therapy of malignant tumours. The compression was caused by scar tissue due to radiation treatment of the inguinal region. The first symptom was radiating pain in the front of the thigh and lower leg which appeared 12-16 months after X-ray treatment. A decrease in the strength of quadriceps muscle occurred some months later. In one case the femoral nerve was decompressed, another patient was treated by an intradural phenolglycerin injection and one patient was treated with cortisone and oxiphenbutazone. In these cases the pain decreased considerably, but in one case only the paresis of the quadriceps muscle improved after treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Functional mechanisms of the proximal ulnar nerve compression syndrome].

The proximal ulnar compression syndrome when it is not a result of trauma, tumors, inflammatory and degenerative processes, inborn deformations or external pressure, is caused by two mechansims, namely the pinching of the ulnar nerve between the proximal edge of the ligamentous and muscular coverings of the cubital tunnel and of the exit of the nerve from the tunnel under the tendinous arch of the flexor carpi ulnaris. The compression itself is dependent upon the possibility of subluxation of the ulnar nerve. Therapy should consists not only in "decompression", but also in a simultaneous anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve.

Elbow↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Nerve compression syndrome caused by synovial cyst of the hip joint].

Synovitis of the iliopectineal bursa have been described in pigmented villanodular synovitis, synovial chondromatosis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and necrosis of the femoral head. We report a case of enlargement of such a cyst in necrosis of femoral head and consecutive osteoarthritis, leading to entrapment of the femoral nerve. Simple drainage of the cyst did resolve pain for a short period and only elimination of the primum pathologicum agens did definitively release pain, irradiating to the ipsilateral leg.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1975

[Rare location of an epidermoid cyst in the forefoot region with nerve compression syndrome. Contribution to the differential diagnosis of Morton's metatarsalgia (author's transl)].

The case of a rare location of an epiderman cyst in the forefoor region is reported. Very intense pain on pressure or tension in the plantar region of the second and third metatarsals suggested a metatarsalgia and the existing diffuse swelling a synovitis. Surgical revision revealed an epidermoid cyst the size of a hazelnut which pressed the N. digitalis plantaris communis against the head of the third metartarsal.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Proximal ulnar nerve compression. Cubital tunnel syndrome.

Ulnar nerve compression about the elbow is common. If diagnosed and treated early, satisfactory results can be expected. Severe chronic nerve compression may lead to permanent nerve damage. The diagnosis can be made by careful history, physical examination, knowledge of the nerve anatomy, and sometimes electrodiagnosis. Cubital tunnel syndrome must be differentiated from TOS and ulnar tunnel syndrome. Double-crush syndrome should be ruled out. Nonoperative treatment must be attempted first, whereas surgical treatment is indicated in severe and chronic cases. Satisfactory results can be achieved after surgery if nerve damage is absent and careful attention to technical details and gentle handling of the nerve are exercised.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗