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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Ear surgery camps in Nepal and the work of the Britain Nepal Otology Service (BRINOS).

The Britain Nepal Otology Service (BRINOS), founded as a registered charity in 1988, has so far held four ear surgery camps in Nepal, sponsored and organised a nationwide survey of the prevalence and causes of ear disease and deafness and is sponsoring a pilot scheme of primary care for ear disease. Seven thousand outpatients have been seen, 270 major and 170 minor ear operations have been performed in the four ear surgery camps.

Cholesteatoma↗
PubMed2003

Bancroftian filariasis in Nepal: a survey for circulating antigenemia of Wuchereria bancrofti and urinary IgG4 antibody in two rural areas of Nepal.

Serum and urine samples were randomly collected from residents in two rural areas at different altitudes in Nepal, and were examined for Wuchereria bancrofti antigens and antibodies (IgG4) to filarial antigens, respectively. In Judigaun, located at 900 m in altitude, 25.2% of 238 serum samples were positive for antigen, and 50.8% of 244 urine samples were positive for antibody. The level of IgG4 antibodies was higher among antigen positive individuals than among the antigen negatives. In Kotyang, located at 1100-1300 m, the prevalence of antigenemia was 15.4% of 117 serum samples.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Caesarean delivery at Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal.

This is a retrospective study conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. The study includes all delivery in Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital (NMCTH) from March 09, 1997 to April 13, 2002. The objective of this study is to find out the incidence, indications, complications and fetal outcome in all caesarean deliveries. All files of caesarean deliveries were obtained from hospital records and studied. Data were collected and analysed. In 5 years period total deliveries in NMCTH were 1727. There were 163 cases of caesarean delivery with caesarean delivery rate 9.4%. Slow progression of labour, previous CS, fetal distress and breech presentation were the first four common indications of caesarean delivery in NMCTH. Regarding complication and caesarean delivery the incidence of complications was 23.9% of all deliveries. We found postpartum haemorrhage (n=27) 69.2% of all cases with complications. Few cases of wound infection and UTI also noticed in this study. Total babies born were 165 with 2 sets of twins. Three babies had APGAR score less than 3 and there were 2 neonatal death after caesarean delivery.

Cesarean Section↗
PubMed1981

Natural regulation of rhesus monkey populations in Kathmandu, Nepal. Rhesus monkey groups near Kathmandu, Nepal, show demographic patterns of intrinsic population stability.

In Kathmandu valley, two populations of rhesus monkeys which are totally protected, have shown relatively stable numbers over a period of several years. Population stability within heterosexual troops appears to have been maintained through lower birth rates and slightly higher infant and adult mortality rates than in comparable rhesus populations in India which have been subject to trapping. Although the behavioral and physiological mechanisms by which these demographic changes occur are not known, behavioral observations on these populations suggest several possibilities. These data represent the first indication of possible mechanisms for population regulation in natural rhesus populations.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Availability and acceptability of medical abortion in Nepal: health care providers' perspectives.

Abortion was legalised in Nepal in September 2002 and manual vacuum aspiration is the main procedure used for safe abortion. Although medical abortion has not yet officially been introduced in Nepal, with the highly porous Indo-Nepal border and the easy availability of mifepristone and misoprostrol in Indian chemists' shops, it is possible the drugs are entering from Indian markets illegally. This study aimed to gauge current awareness of the availability of medical abortion drugs in Nepal and explore what health professionals and paramedics felt about the use of medical abortion to expand access to safe abortion in the country. Data were drawn from interviews with private obstetrician-gynaecologists, general physicians, paramedics, ayurvedic and homeopathic practitioners and chemists in 24 urban municipalities and peri-urban areas in Nepal. Various types of allopathic and indigenous forms of medicine for menstrual regulation in the Nepalese market were widely known whereas knowledge of the availability of mifepristone and misoprostrol was low. Almost all respondents had a positive view of the potential for providing mifepristone and misoprostol in Nepal and most thought that obstetrician-gynaecologists, general physicians and other certified abortion care providers should be able to provide the drugs. Many respondents were interested in doing so themselves. Registration of mifepristone and misoprostrol is the key to introducing medical abortion in Nepal and should happen as soon as possible.

Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chemoprophylaxis use and the risk of malaria in travelers to Nepal.

BACKGROUND: Malaria transmission in Nepal is focal and seasonal. Based on data in returning travelers the risk of malaria is low. Sources of advice give contradictory information regarding the need for chemoprophylaxis. As a result, a degree of confusion exists among visitors. The aim of this study was to describe chemoprophylactic practices among travelers to Nepal and to document differences in advice according to its source and the country in which it was given. METHODS: A questionnaire survey of tourists attending the CIWEC Clinic Travel Medicine Center, Kathmandu between June 2000 and May 2001. Resident expatriates and indigenous Nepalese were excluded. RESULTS: Completed questionnaires were obtained from 1,303 respondents. Two hundred and eighty-eight respondents were taking chemoprophylaxis specifically for their trip to Nepal (22%), whereas 958 were not. Travelers from the United Kingdom and Denmark were significantly more likely, and those from the United States and Germany significantly less likely, to be taking chemoprophylaxis. Most travelers sought pretravel advice (71%), and all sources were more likely to advise them not to take chemoprophylaxis than to take it. However, travelers advised by a family practitioner were significantly more likely to be taking chemoprophylaxis than those advised by a travel medicine specialist. Of those taking chemoprophylaxis, 53% were doing so for a visit to the Terai alone, 33% for all areas of Nepal, and 6% for the Kathmandu Valley. Nine different chemoprophylactic regimes were in use. Six hundred and forty respondents who were not taking chemoprophylaxis had been advised that it was not necessary; 276 had made the choice themselves; and 131 had been taking chemoprophylaxis but had stopped while in Nepal. Twenty-eight of these respondents had stopped because of side effects. The most common reason for choosing not to take chemoprophylaxis was either the occurrence of side effects or the fear of them (31%). CONCLUSIONS: The variable and ultimately low risk of contracting malaria in Nepal has resulted in a lack of consensus and a wide range of opinion regarding the need for chemoprophylaxis. There is a need for clarification and tighter definition of the malaria risk faced by travelers to Nepal to avoid unnecessary chemoprophylaxis use while protecting those at significant risk.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Dental hygienists on top of the world: supporting oral health education in Nepal.

This article describes the oral health situation in Nepal. Based on research and strategic planning reports from the WHO and the Ministry of Health in Nepal the value of Oral Health Promotion in Nepal is being promoted. The implications of possible dental treatment and/or oral health promotions are being discussed. A plan for support of improvement of the oral health in Nepal is presented. The main focus is the support of the development of the dental hygiene education and profession in Nepal. Another focus of attention is the ability of dental hygienists in Nepal to develop them individually and to create independent professionalization. This article forms the basis for developing a 5-year collaborative programme with Kantipur School of Dentistry and the Dental Hygiene Education, Amsterdam. It can be a means to inspire dental hygienists around the world to put efforts into improving oral health in developing countries.

Dental Care↗
PubMed2001

[Eliminating iodine deficiency disorders in Nepal through precede-proceed].

OBJECTIVES: Assess the PRECEDE-PROCEED model's suitability for developing countries. Analyze the Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) control program in Nepal according to PRECEDE-PROCEED. METHODS: Primary and secondary data analysis within the framework of PRECEDE-PROCEED's first five steps. Key informant interviews. Qualitative data from Nepal's IDD control program participants were assessed according to PRECEDE-PROCEED's third through fifth steps. RESULTS: According to the first and second steps of PRECEDE-PROCEED for social and epidemiological assessment, Nepal's IDD control program needs improvement. Limited data were available for the assessment, making it difficult to execute the first two steps with certainty. Social and epidemiological assessments can be problematic in any developing country since the necessary data are typically not available. Behavioral and environmental assessments (step three) showed that: Most people are unaware of IDD and manage iodized salt poorly. The environment within which iodized salt is managed is insufficient for maintaining proper salt iodination at the consumer level. Educational and ecological assessments (step four) pointed out several problems, including: Inadequate understanding of IDD Incorrect beliefs about refined salt Poor supply of refined salt in markets Weak regulation of non-iodized salt importation and sales Finally, administrative and policy assessments (step five) emphasized the need for an active role of the Salt Trading Corporation in Nepal, with a significant manpower and budget, in improving the IDD program. Data for completing PRECEDE-PROCEED steps three through five were readily available. In addition to providing a framework within which to assess Nepal's IDD control program, the model helped highlight specific action goals for behavioral and environmental objectives (consume more iodized salt, improve quality of salt warehouses and increase iodized salt's market availability). DISCUSSION: Though it was difficult to obtain data for social and epidemiological assessments, the PRECEDE-PROCEED model proved useful in analyzing IDD control in Nepal. The model can comprehensively analyze ongoing interventions and assess the status of various nation-wide health programs, highlighting areas of modification needed to help programs achieve their goals.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed1993

Anaesthesia services and the education of anaesthetists in Nepal: a model for sustainable development?

In 1985 the University of Calgary in Canada and Tribhuvan University in Kathmandu, Nepal Jointly established the Diploma in Anaesthesiology (DA) programme in Nepal. To evaluate the impact of the DA Programme and provide a data base for long-term planning we conducted a national survey in 1992. We sought to describe anaesthesia manpower and workloads, and to make an inventory of facilities, equipment, and supplies in different sized hospitals. Twenty-seven hospitals providing surgical services were included, nine inside and 18 outside the Kathmandu valley. Seventeen of the 21 respondent hospitals had at least one specialist anaesthetist. The results identify both strengths and weaknesses in Nepal's anaesthesia services and provide important guidelines for planning. When the DA course was launched there were only seven specialist anaesthetists in Nepal. The shortage of anaesthetists was an important factor limiting surgical services, and after DA graduates were posted to zonal (50 bed) and regional (150-200 bed) hospitals the surgical case loads doubled. There are now about 40 specialist anaesthetists in the country, of which half are DA graduates, but many hospitals have only one anaesthetist. That isolation, plus lack of continuing education (CME), are important factors threatening quality of care. Recognizing the singular role of the DA programme in alleviating Nepal's shortage of anaesthetists, we conclude that it should be renewed and strengthened to meet the needs of the next decade. Techniques commonly used at the zonal level: regional, draw-over, and total IV anaesthesia, should be stressed. At the same time fresh initiatives are required in CME and higher education for the renewal of teaching staff.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anesthesia↗
PubMed2006

Training and development of anesthesia in Nepal - 1985 to 2005.

PURPOSE: To describe the self-sustaining anesthesia training and development program in Nepal from 1985 through 2005, and the Canadian contributions. METHODS: We examined the training program and outcome of the diploma in anesthesia (DA) and MD anesthesiology programs in Nepal over a 20-year period. Issues related to recruitment, funding, specialist training opportunities and professional development were examined and summarized. RESULTS: In 1985 there were seven Nepalese physician anesthesiologists in Nepal. With Canadian support of faculty members and the Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society International Education Fund, a one-year DA training program began in 1985, and a three-year MD anesthesia program began in 1996. As of 2005, 43 anesthesiologists were trained in the DA program, and 19 Nepalese completed MD anesthesia training. Thirteen (30%) of DA graduates have since left the country, compared to only two (10.5%) physicians from the MD anesthesia training program. Annual anesthesia symposia began in 1986, and the Society of Anesthesiologists of Nepal was formed in 1987. Nepalese anesthesiologists have been attending and presenting papers at international scientific meetings since 1991. CONCLUSION: The devotion of Nepalese anesthesiologists in teaching and training, strong guidance from Canadian medical faculties, and local government support have contributed to the successful development of Nepalese anesthesia training programs. Establishment of the training programs has assisted recruitment of trained anesthesiologists to different regional hospitals. Finally, the formation of a national society, with an organized annual symposium has improved professional self-esteem, and raised the profile of anesthesiology in Nepal.

Anesthesiology↗
PubMed1986

Primary health care for whom? Village perspectives from Nepal.

Over the last decade, many developing nations have embraced Primary Health Care (PHC) within their national health plans. PHC, in contrast to earlier approaches to national health development, emphasizes community participation and basic health care for the poorer segments of society. The research reported here finds that in the enthusiasm for the PHC concept in Nepal, important sociocultural processes have been overlooked. This paper describes the relationship between certain sociocultural factors and PHC activities in rural Central Nepal. It reveals a contradiction between the stated PHC intentions to address local interests and promote community participation on the one hand, and the actual approach taken on the other hand. Specifically it argues that PHC is encountering problems in Nepal for three reasons: (1) PHC fails to appreciate villagers' values and their own perceived needs. In particular, PHC is organized primarily to provide health education, whereas villagers value modern curative services and feel little need for new health knowledge. (2) PHC views rural Nepali culture only pejoratively as a barrier to health education. Alternatively, local cultural beliefs and practices should be viewed as resources to facilitate dissemination and acceptance of modern health knowledge. (3) In attempting to incorporate Nepal's traditional medical practitioners into the program, PHC has mistakenly assumed that rural clients passively believe in and obey traditional practitioners. In fact, clients play active roles and are themselves in control of the therapeutic process. Thus, instead of attempting to recruit traditional practitioners to do its work, PHC should recognize the precedent for community participation in Nepal's traditional medical system and develop the respect for villagers' own ideas and values that traditional practitioners already possess.

Attitude to Health↗