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Results for “Neoplastic Cells, Circulating”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Molecular detection of circulating neoplastic cells in patients with clinically localised gastric and non-gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma.

BACKGROUND: Unlike other low-grade lymphomas, extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type usually presents with localised disease. AIM: To detect peripheral blood lymphoma involvement to establish the incidence of occult lymphoma dissemination. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a series of 18 cases, peripheral blood was analysed by polymerase chain reaction, with primers directed to the third-complementarity determining region of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The presence of circulating neoplastic cells was detected in 21% of clinically localised cases. Moreover lymphoma cells were detected in 2 out of 6 morphologically normal bone marrow specimens. The present data show that, combining morphological and molecular methods, occult dissemination can be found in a large proportion of cases thus stressing the need for careful staging procedures. However, it has still to be clarified whether the presence of polymerase chain reaction-detectable circulating lymphoma cells can influence the outcome of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma patients submitted to antibiotic treatment (for gastric localisation) or local therapy (surgery or radiation, for non-gastric tumours).

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Prognostic value of multiple reverse transcription-PCR tyrosinase testing for circulating neoplastic cells in malignant melanoma.

BACKGROUND: The reverse transcription-PCR tyrosinase assay (TYR test) cannot reliably detect malignant melanoma (MM) cells in blood as the cells often circulate at low concentrations. We evaluated the prognostic value of multiple TYR testing, the prognostic significance of individual positive TYR test results (TYR+) in asymptomatic melanoma patients, and whether statistical analysis could help in the interpretation of results of a test that measures phenomena that typically occur below its detection threshold. METHODS: MM patients in stages I-IV (n = 150) underwent multiple testing with the TYR test during the course of their disease. TYR testing was performed as described by Smith et al. (Lancet 1991;38:1227-9). Statistical analyses were performed with the logistic function and t-test procedures. RESULTS: The relationship between MM stage and the frequency of TYR+ was statistically significant (P = 0.011). Higher frequency of TYR+ in clinically asymptomatic patients after complete resection of the primary tumor was associated with an increased risk of recurrence of MM (prognostic sensitivity, 62%; specificity, 78%). CONCLUSIONS: A single positive TYR test provides a warning for disease relapse, suggesting that multiple TYR testing might provide more reliable predictions of disease progression. Multiple testing and statistical analysis using a logistic function might allow for the interpretation of apparently inconsistent results of tests for very rare cells.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Detection of epidermal growth factor receptor mRNA in peripheral blood: a new marker of circulating neoplastic cells in bladder cancer patients.

Despite the large number of studies performed in solid tumors, few attempts at molecular detection of urothelial cells in blood have been made. Specifically, only uroplakin II (UP-II) and cytokeratin 20 (CK-20) have been suggested as tumor markers in the blood of bladder cancer patients. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mRNA expression was found in the blood of patients with some types of carcinoma; nevertheless, its expression has been never investigated in the blood of patients with urothelial tumors. We used a EGFR-based reverse transcription-PCR assay for the detection of tumoral cells in the blood of 27 patients with bladder cancer, in 30 healthy donors, and in 9 patients with cystitis. EGFR expression was compared with that of known markers of circulating epithelial cells, CK-19 and CK-20, and to a urothelial-specific marker, UP-II. Analysis by reverse transcription-PCR and Southern blot hybridization showed no evidence of EGFR and UP-II mRNA expression in any of the samples used as controls. Analysis of healthy donors showed mRNA expression for CK-19 and CK-20 in 6 of 30 and in 4 of 30 samples, respectively. All patients with cystitis resulted negative for EGFR expression, whereas 3 of 9, 2 of 9, and 3 of 9 were found expressing CK-19, CK-20, and UP-II, respectively. Among blood samples from tumoral patients, 74% had EGFR mRNA and 41% had positive signals for CK-19, whereas positivity for CK-20 and UP-II was found in 15% and 37% of patients, respectively. These results seem to indicate that EGFR mRNA in the blood may be a useful tumor marker in bladder cancer patients, as well as in other patients with epithelial tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Cytokinetic studies on circulating neoplastic cells of Hodgkin's disease.

In two patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease the DNA content, the mitotic index and the in vitro tritiated thymidine labeling index of the neoplastic cells found in peripheral blood, bone marrow and, in one case, in ascitic fluid have been determined. Cytologically the tumor cells were classified into three groups: atypical mononuclear cells, Hodgkin (H) cells and Reed-Sternberg (R-S) cells. Two populations with clearly different kinetic features were recognized. The first one was that of atypical mononuclear cells which exhibited diploid DNA content and proliferative activity of moderate degree: tetraploid cells were, however, observed more frequently than expected. The second population grouped together H and R-S cells, had tetraploid modal DNA content and very high proliferative activity. Hodgkin cells had tetraploid or slightly greater DNA content while R-S cells exhibited also DNA values as high as octoploid and sometimes greater. It can be postulated that by endomitosis some atypical mononuclear cells give origin to H cells and that these assume the monstrous features of R-S cells while increasing their DNA content during the DNA synthesis phase.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Detection of circulating neoplastic cells by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in malignant melanoma: association with clinical stage and prognosis.

PURPOSE: Circulating melanoma cells can be detected in peripheral blood by means of tyrosinase mRNA amplification by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We conducted a prospective study to evaluate the clinical significance of the presence of circulating neoplastic cells in the blood of patients with malignant melanoma (MM). METHODS: A sensitive RT-PCR assay was used to detect tyrosinase mRNA in the peripheral blood of patients with stages I to IV melanoma. Healthy subjects or patients with other malignancies were used as negative controls. RESULTS: Ninety-one assessable patients were included in the study. There was a statistically significant association between RT-PCR positivity and clinical stage. Circulating melanoma cells were detected in 36% of patients with localized disease (stages I and II), in 45% of patients with regional nodal involvement (stage III), and in 94% of patients with metastatic disease (stage IV) (P < .001). In stage II-III patients who were RT-PCR-positive for mRNA tyrosinase in blood, the recurrence rate and disease-free survival were significantly worse than patients who were RT-PCR-negative. In multivariate analysis, RT-PCR was an independent prognostic factor for recurrence in patients with nonmetastatic disease (P = .002). CONCLUSION: The detection of circulating melanoma cells in peripheral blood by RT-PCR correlated with the clinical stage of patients with melanoma and was an independent prognostic factor for recurrence. Further studies are warranted to better assess the significance of this test in the evaluation of prognosis, early detection of relapse, and in monitoring the effectiveness of systemic therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Detection of circulating neoplastic cells by reverse transcriptase and polymerase chain reaction in melanoma].

BACKGROUND: Circulating melanocytes can be detected in peripheral blood of patients with malignant melanoma by means of tyrosinase messenger RNA amplification. In this study we especially examined peripheral blood from patients with stage II melanoma before and after lymph node dissection for the detection of these circulating melanoma cells. Indeed the presence of regional nodal metastasis is one of the most important prognostic factors in patients with cutaneous melanoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Blood samples were collected from 20 normal patients, 42 patients with stage I melanoma and 23 patients with stage III melanoma. Twenty patients with stage II melanoma were tested 3 days before lymph node dissection and 2 à 8 weeks after. To identify circulating melanocytes, we used coupled reverse-transcription and polymerase chain reaction to target tyrosinase messenger RNA. RESULTS: None of the 20 patients with stage II melanoma had detectable circulating melanocytes before lymph node dissection. By contrast, 7 of them became transiently PCR positive in the 8 weeks following surgery. We observed no evidence of correlation between the presence of circulating melanocytes after lymph node dissection and the risk of relapse within 6 months after surgery or the presence of capsule breaking or the number of involved lymph nodes. Sixty-nine percent of stage III patients and none of stage I patients were found to have circulating melanocytes. DISCUSSION: Our study suggests that melanoma cells could circulate transiently after lymph node dissection. Confrontation of our results with literature data, despite important discrepancies related in part to sensibility technique, shows that the presence of circulating melanoma cells is correlated to the clinical stage. Prognostic value of these circulating cells need to be further assessed by prospective studies with large number of patients and long follow-up.

Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of circulating neoplastic cells.

The differentiation of tissues and organs during ontogeny increases the necessity of integration of the different structures. These developmental processes of integrations by body fluids, immunologic, endocrine and nervous systems culminate in mammals, since they possess the most diversified system of body fluids. Typical of the most developed mammals are the bone marrow, the lymphatic system with regional lymph nodes and consequently the pathologic development of the diversity of leukemias, malignancies without stroma. In the German literature the leukemias are considered systemic diseases because the floating cells they discharge are more or less uniformly pathologically underdeveloped. The leukemias are named according to the major abnormal cell type (e.g. monocytic acute leukemia). Acute and chronic is the distinction of the time limitation regarding the development and duration of the disease. More complicated is the discharge of motile cells from primary tumors or daughter tumors deriving from solid tumors. These motile cells enter into the circulation via the lymphatic spaces or by penetration of the endothelium of the blood vessels. They move freely in the circulatory system until settling in a more or less distant region. The process of detecting these cells is known as carcinocythemia. Other movable cells during neoplastic progression are those populating effusions in the coelomic cavities. Non-movable, that is only growing in succession like a tissue chain are those tumors which distribute by direct tumor spread within the veins, keeping the connection with the primary tumor. This condition is especially well-known in renal cell carcinoma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Neoplastic circulating endothelial cells in multiple myeloma with 13q14 deletion.

In multiple myeloma (MM), circulating endothelial cells (CECs) represent a vascular marker of angiogenesis and may reflect tumor mass. In this report, we showed that, in 5 MM patients with 13q14 deletion, CECs carried the same chromosome aberration as the neoplastic plasma cells (11%-32% of CECs with 13q14 deletion). Most of the CECs displayed immunophenotypic features of endothelial progenitor cells as they expressed CD133, a marker gradually lost during endothelial differentiation and absent on mature endothelial cells. To the contrary, in 3 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and 13q14 deletion, CECs were cytogenetically normal and had a mature immunophenotype. In MM CECs, immunoglobulin genes were clonally rearranged. These findings suggest a possible origin of CECs from a common hemangioblast precursor that can give rise to both plasma cells and endothelial cells and point to a direct contribution of MM-derived CECs to tumor vasculogenesis and possibly to the spreading and progression of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Clonogenicity of circulating neuroblastoma cells: implications regarding peripheral blood stem cell transplantation.

Peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) are being used as an alternative to autologous marrow rescue for hematopoietic reconstitution after high-dose chemotherapy in patients with neuroblastoma and other solid malignancies. Use of PBSCs is preferred by some because of the belief that there is less risk of tumor contamination. Because tumor stem cell contamination is thought to be one contributing cause of relapse after myeloablative therapy and autologous reconstitution, we examined the potential risk of reinfusing circulating neuroblastoma cells by in vitro evaluation of their clonogenicity. Immunocytologic and tumor cell clonogenic analyses were performed on 74 blood samples obtained from 56 children with advanced-stage neuroblastoma. Concurrently drawn bone marrow specimens were evaluated in 30 instances. Circulating neoplastic cells were detected in 19 of 74 (26%) for all specimens and by immunologic techniques (26%). Using a clonogenic assay, 13 grew identifiable tumor colonies. Comparing results with the two techniques showed tumor colony growth in 10 of the 19 positive specimens by immunocytology. However, 3 of 53 samples (6%) that were negative by immunocytology were positive by the clonogenic assay. Of the 11 positive blood samples, 9 concurrent marrows contained neuroblastoma cells; of the 19 negative blood specimens, 3 concurrent marrows had metastatic disease. We conclude that circulating neuroblastoma cells are present in peripheral blood and have clonogenic properties in vitro. This supports the view that tumor cell contamination may well be one cause of relapse after autologous reconstitution. Consequently, PBSC collections should also undergo meticulous monitoring for tumor contamination before autologous reinfusion.

Child↗
PubMed1980

Morphological and cytochemical studies of circulating Hodgkin's and Reed-Sternberg cells.

Morphological and cytochemical studies of circulating neoplastic cells were carried out in a patient who presented a preterminal leukaemic phase of Hodgkin's disease (HD). Three types of abnormal cells were found in the peripheral blood: abnormal mononuclear cells, Hodgkin's cells and Reed-Sternberg cells. All neoplastic cells were cytochemically negative to Sudan black B, peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase. Some neoplastic cells were positive to PAS and all were positive to acid phosphatase, alpha-naphthylacetate esterase and beta-glucuronidase. The origin of the neoplastic population in HD is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Role of organ selectivity in the determination of metastatic patterns of B16 melanoma.

The preferential growth of B16 melanoma metastases in specific organs was studied. Following the i.v. injection of B16 melanoma cells into syngeneic C57BL/6 mice, tumor growths developed in the in situ lungs and in grafts of pulmonary or ovarian tissue implanted either s.c. or i.m. In contrast, neoplastic lesions failed to develop in control grafts of similarly implanted renal tissue or at the site of a surgical trauma. Parabiosis experiments suggested that the growth of the B16 melanoma in ectopic lung or ovary tissue was due to the immediate arrest of circulating neoplastic cells and not to shedding of malignant cells from foci growing in the in situ lungs. Quantitative analysis of tumor cell arrest and distribution using cells labeled with [125I]-5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine indicated that the growth of tumors in the implanted organs was not due to an enhanced initial arrest of B16 cells. No significant differences in immediate tumor cell arrest were detected between implanted fragments of lungs (tumor positive) and kidney (tumor negative) or between organ-bearing and contralateral control limbs. We conclude that the outcome of metastasis is dependent on both tumor cell properties and host factors. This conclusion supports the "seed and soil" hypothesis to explain the nonrandom pattern of cancer metastasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Pathogenesis of hypercalcemia in lymphosarcoma cell leukemia. Role of an osteoclast activating factor-like substance and a mechanism of action for glucocorticoid therapy.

The pathogenesis of hypercalcemia and mode of action of glucocorticoid therapy was examined in a patient with lymphosarcoma cell leukemia. Circulating neoplastic cells were cultured in vitro and secreted a bone-resorbing factor. The bone-resorbing factor was partially purified with the use of a bioassay for bone resorption, and was found to be chromatographically and pharmacologically similar to osteoclast activiating factor (OAF), which is produced by normal mitogen-activated peripheral blood lymphocytes. Other factors which stimulate bone resorption, such as parathyroid hormone, prostaglandins and the vitamin D metabolites, were excluded by criteria which included dose-response curves, radioimmunoassays, extraction in organic solvents and failure of glucocorticoids to inhibit bone-resorbing activity. The patient's hypercalcemia responded rapidly to prednisone therapy. The effects of the bone-resorbing factor secreted by the neoplastic cells on bone cultures to which cortisol was added were examined. Cortisol inhibited bone resorption directly at low doses (10(-8) M), which suggests that prednisone may have lowered the serum calcium in this patient by direct inhibition of bone resorption.

Aged↗