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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

The index of narrative microstructure: a clinical tool for analyzing school-age children's narrative performances.

PURPOSE: This research was conducted to develop a clinical tool-the Index of Narrative Microstructure (INMIS)-that would parsimoniously account for important microstructural aspects of narrative production for school-age children. The study provides field test age- and grade-based INMIS values to aid clinicians in making normative judgments about microstructural aspects of pupils' narrative performance. METHOD: Narrative samples using a single-picture elicitation context were collected from 250 children age 5-12 years and then transcribed and segmented into T-units. A T-unit consists of a single main clause and any dependent constituents. The narrative transcripts were then coded and analyzed to document a comprehensive set of microstructural indices. RESULTS: Factor analysis indicated that narrative microstructure consisted of 2 moderately related factors. The Productivity factor primarily comprised measures of word output, lexical diversity, and T-unit output. The Complexity factor comprised measures of syntactic organization, with mean length of T-units in words and proportion of complex T-units loading most strongly. Principal components analysis was used to provide a linear combination of 8 variables to approximate the 2 factors. Formulas for calculating a student's performance on the 2 factors using 8 narrative measures are provided. CONCLUSIONS: This study provided a method for professionals to calculate INMIS scores for narrative Productivity and Complexity for comparison against field test data for age (5- to 12-year-old) or grade (kindergarten to Grade 6) groupings. INMIS scores complement other tools in evaluating a child's narrative performance specifically and language abilities more generally.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2004

Pain narratives and narrative practitioners: a way of working 'in-relation' with children experiencing pain.

Children's narratives about their pain are often drowned out by the more pervasive, scientific, dominant, academic and professional discourses. The ideas I propose in this paper are drawn from narrative inquiry and from the narrative medicine movement to illustrate how a narrative approach can positively influence nursing (and other) practice. Sharing children's narratives of pain allows to be 'in-relation' with children and their experiences of pain, requiring practitioners to be less distanced and passive. In order to start and to understand their pain we need to be prepared to be hurt by it. Attending to children's stories helps them to articulate their experiences and gives them voice and agency. A narrative approach to practice can help us to be more the sort of professionals we wanted to be, i.e. more generous, more affective, more remembered and more effective. By helping to 'fix' children's broken stories we can help them move towards stories of healing.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2000

Narrative production by children with and without specific language impairment: oral narratives and emergent readings.

The research reported in this paper was based on the premise that oral and written language development are intertwined. Further, the research was motivated by research demonstrating that narrative ability is an important predictor of school success for older children with language impairment. The authors extended the inquiry to preschool children by analyzing oral narratives and "emergent storybook reading" (retelling of a familiar storybook) by two groups of 20 children (half with, half without language impairment) age 2;4 (years;months) to 4;2. Comparative analyses of the two narrative genres using a variety of language and storybook structure parameters revealed that both groups of children used more characteristics of written language in the emergent storybook readings than in the oral narratives, demonstrating that they were sensitive to genre difference. The children with language impairment were less able than children developing typically to produce language features associated with written language. For both groups, middles and ends of stories were marked significantly more often within the oral narratives than the emergent readings. The children with language impairment also had difficulty with other linguistic features: less frequent use of past-tense verbs in both contexts and the use of personal pronouns in the oral narratives. Emergent storybook reading may be a useful addition to language sampling protocols because it can reveal higher order language skills and contribute to understanding the relationship between language impairment and later reading disability.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1993

Narrative representation, narrative enactment, and the psychoanalytic construction of history.

This paper develops the idea that the fundamental tension between representation and enactment described by psychoanalytic historical theories also determines and limits our theorizing attempts themselves. Freud moves toward this recognition in his late work as he brings a challenge to the lifting-of-repression model of historical recovery. One basis of this challenge is that Freud now implicates the analyst, as well as the analysand, in the tension between the capacity of historical narratives to represent the past, and their tendency to enact it. From the perspective of Freud's explicitly dialogic model in 'Constructions in analysis', the task of establishing historical reference in psychoanalysis cannot be separated from the narrative actions of the analyst. These narrative actions would necessarily include manifestations of denial and disavowal that I designate as 'narrative enactments'. My discussion expands upon this linguistic dimension of questions Freud raises about the limits of the psychoanalytic construction of history. Narrative enactments work against an interpretive restoration of historical reference based upon the lifting of repression, but at the same time, seen as an aspect of narrative functioning, they are founding acts upon which our historical constructions rest.

Defense Mechanisms↗
PubMed1997

Emotion regulation in mother-child narrative co-construction: associations with children's narratives and adaptation.

The associations were studied between early mother-child co-construction of a separation-reunion narrative and children's concurrent and later (a) emotion narratives and (b) behavior problems. Fifty-one children and their mothers were observed during a co-construction task when the children were age 4 1/2. At ages 4 1/2 and 5 1/2, children's narratives were elicited using the MacArthur Story-Stem Battery (MSSB), and mothers completed the Child Behavior Checklist. Results showed that children who were more emotionally coherent during the co-constructions had MSSB narratives that were more coherent, had more prosocial themes, and had fewer aggressive themes at ages 4 1/2 and 5 1/2. Moreover, such children had fewer behavior problems at both ages. The relations between narrative processes and emotion regulation are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Caring narratives and the strategy of presence: narrative communication in nursing practice and research.

Professional nursing care is formed and carried out in a social cultural process. The discipline of nursing should study narrative communication to understand how individual and collective levels are connected in experiences of sickness and cure. Narrative as transformative acts of caring and the narrative structure of preverbal acts and contexts of care are waiting for further research and are naturally connected to the art of nursing. Personal presence, listening, and engagement are important to ethnographic research with a focus on narrative as well as to first-rate nursing care.

Anthropology, Cultural↗
PubMed1994

Developmental changes in narrative and non-narrative discourse in children with and without brain injury.

This study presents a set of narrative and non-narrative tasks and analytic procedures for examining the discourse development of children with perinatal brain injury and typically developing children. Three oral discourse genres were collected at ages 5, 6, and 7: script, picture description, and replica play narration. Genre performances were assessed for the presence of hypothesized genre features. Results suggest these tasks and procedures are able to characterize development in discourse abilities for both a normative group and for children with perinatal brain injury. The group of children with brain injury produced shorter discourse performance with more off-task talk. This group also showed difficulty in fully differentiating the various genre types and in creating integrated discourse performances. However, most of these children demonstrated considerable growth in control of genre features over this time period. The possible utility of these tasks and procedures for clinical assessment is discussed.

Brain Injuries↗
PubMed2005

Exporting ethics: a narrative about narrative research in South India.

The article notes some problems with the prepositional discourse of research ethics that is dominant in the West, and joins the call for an ethics-in-context approach in the human sciences. Using detailed examples from my fieldwork in South India to develop a narrative about ethical conflicts, I explore the problematics of informed consent, confidentiality and other concepts central to research ethics in the USA. The article underscores the inherent and practical risks associated with ethical universalism - applying 'universal' moral principles that have been constructed (that is, derived) in one cultural context and exporting them, without modifications, to another. The personal narrative includes my emotions in the field; they do moral work. The article draws theoretically from Bakhtin, Rabinow and feminist scholars of the Indian diaspora.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Nursing our narratives: towards a dynamic understanding of nurses in narrative tales.

Previous research on the representation of nurses in literature has tended to rely on a 'quasi-scientific' method that ultimately produces catalogues of static images. This paper argues that literary representations of nurses must be analysed in terms of situational context. In order to accomplish this the narratological concepts of the chronotope and the donor are used, resulting in a dynamic and powerful reading of nurses in narrative tales.

Feminism↗
PubMed2000

Medicine and story: a novel clinical panorama arising from a unitary mind/body approach to physical illness.

Since 1987, all patients referred by family physicians for internal medicine consultation at the Institute for Integrative Health Studies (Christchurch, New Zealand) have been assessed by the author from both physical (normative internal medicine) and psychological (psychodynamic, interpersonal, object relations, and self psychological) perspectives. Depending upon the material emerging in each case, the treatment options available for the particular disorder, and patient preferences, many patients have gone on to mind/body oriented discussions or psychotherapy with the author (detailed in Broom 1997), or with one of a team of therapists supervised by the author. This clinical experience, mixing internal medicine and psychotherapy approaches to physical illnesses (with or without organic findings), points to the following: (1) Profound connections between the patients' perceptions of their life-events and experience and the development of illness in both organic and nonorganic illnesses; (2) a rich fund of information in the patients' verbal language about the meaning of the illnesses; (3) the crucial importance of clinical attunement to macro- and micro-life events surrounding symptom emergence; and (4) the decisive role a clinician's implicit paradigm of "personhood" plays in patient care. This paper broadly outlines the presuppositions for this integrative clinical approach, and illustrates the approach with case material. Additionally, it summarizes the kinds of listening, and other skills, that have proved clinically useful. In all, the material illustrates that a combination of orthodox biomedical approaches and a "story approach" (which focuses on meaning leading to illness) offers considerable potential benefits to patients with physical symptomatologies including those with organic findings.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Narrative vigilance: the analysis of stories in health care.

The idea of narrative has been widely discussed in the recent health care literature, including nursing, and has been portrayed as a resource for both clinical work and research studies. However, the use of the term 'narrative' is inconsistent, and various assumptions are made about the nature (and functions) of narrative: narrative as a naive account of events; narrative as the source of 'subjective truth'; narrative as intrinsically fictional; and narrative as a mode of explanation. All these assumptions have left their mark on the nursing literature, and all of them (in our view) are misconceived. Here, we argue that a failure to distinguish between 'narrative' and 'story' is partly responsible for these misconceptions, and we offer an analysis that shows why the distinction between them is essential. In doing so, we borrow the concept of 'narrativity' from literary criticism. Narrativity is something that a text has degrees of, and our proposal is that the elements of narrativity can be 'sorted' roughly into a continuum, at the 'high narrativity' end of which we find 'story'. On our account, 'story' is an interweaving of plot and character, whose organization is designed to elicit a certain emotional response from the reader, while 'narrative' refers to the sequence of events and the (claimed) causal connections between them. We suggest that it is important not to confuse the emotional persuasiveness of the 'story' with the objective accuracy of the 'narrative', and to this end we recommend what might be called 'narrative vigilance'. There is nothing intrinsically authentic, or sacrosanct, or emancipatory, or paradigmatic about narrative itself, even though the recent health care literature has had a marked tendency to romanticize it.

Attitude to Health↗