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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Potency status and efficacy of measles vaccine administered in Nigeria: a case study of three EPI centres in Lagos, Nigeria.

The potency status and efficacy of measles vaccines were studied in three immunization (EPI) centres in the suburban area of Lagos, Nigeria. A total of 14 vials of measles vaccine were collected and subjected to potency testing while, 203 measles-vaccinated children were recruited for this study. Only 85 (41.87%) of the vaccinees reported back for the post-vaccination follow-up screening. The seroconversion pattern showed that 51(60%) had potent antibody titres ranging from 1:40 to 1:1280, while the remaining 34 (40%) had a low antibody titres between < 1:20 and 1:20. The vaccine potency test showed that only 1 (7.14%) of the 14 vaccine vials collected at these centres had virus titre of 3.5 Log while the remaining 13 (92.86%) had virus titres lower than 3.0 Log: the recommended human dose by the World Health Organisation (WHO) for measles vaccine. The administration of these subpotent and/or impotent vaccines vis-à-vis the status of immune response elicited in the vaccinees may be one of the reasons for the occurrence of measles infection in vaccinated children in the recent time in Nigeria. We herein suggested the subjection of all vaccines to a thorough standard laboratory screening before use in Nigeria.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1984

Dental survey in Nigeria. Part I. Prevalence of dental caries in Nigeria.

A joint dental epidemiological survey was carried out in 1981 in the ancient city of Ile-Ife and its environs in the Federal Republic of Nigeria. The survey was made with the University of Ife, Ile-Ife, Oyo State, Nigeria, as the base. The occurrence of caries in 898 Nigerian school children of 509 urban and 389 rural children was compared with the occurrence of caries in the Japanese children. The results showed that the incidence of caries in the Nigerian school children was much lower than that of their Japanese counterpart. However, it is projected that with the increase in the consumption of sweet drinks and food in Nigeria, if superimposed on the existing poor oral hygiene, the incidence of caries will increase greatly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Antenatal screening for syphilis at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria--a six year survey.

Between January 1979 and December 1984, 29,083 out of 42,515 antenatal patients booking at the Antenatal Clinic of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, underwent full screening for syphilis. The results showed that 890 patients (3.06%) had positive VDRL test. Of those that reacted positively in the VDRL test, 103 (11.6%) had positive TPHA test. A prevalence rate of sero-positivity of 0.35% was obtained indicating a low incidence of syphilis in our pregnant women compared with results from other parts of Nigeria. A strong recommendation was made to treat all seropositive cases whether there was historical or clinical confirmation of syphilis or not.

Female↗
PubMed2000

Nutritional status of nursery school children: a comparison between Lagos State (Southern Nigeria) and Jos, Plateau State (Northern Nigeria).

This comparative study was carried out to assess the nutritional status of preschool children in the Southern part of Nigeria (Lagos) and Jos, Plateau State in the Northern part of Nigeria. A total of 393 nursery school children aged 24-77 months in 5 schools (3 in Jos, 2 in Lagos) were randomly selected by multistage sampling. Anthropometric data (height, weight and age) were taken from the subjects and dietary information, weaning and breastfeeding history and general socio economic data were obtained from the parents by administering questionnaires. Weight/Height Z-score (WHZ) differed significantly between Jos (3.0%) and Lagos (11.6%), while weight/age (WAZ) was found to have the same prevalence rate in both locations (2.5%) each. This WAZ score is the normal expected prevalence in a standard population of children. Height/Age Z-scores (HAZ) were not statistically different in both South and North, 2.5% HAZ < -2.0 SD in Jos and 0.0% HAZ < -2.0 SD in Lagos. The intestinal parasitosis rates in this study were as follows: in Jos, a 13.5% infection rate was found, and in Lagos, the infection rate was 8.8%.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2002

Morbidity in rural southwestern Nigeria: a one year follow up of voluntary health worker consultations in Idere, Oyo State, Nigeria.

There is paucity of information on morbidity pattern at the community level in Nigeria. Available literature shows that most are based on hospital data from which rates cannot be generated. In addition, the low access to hospitals in the country especially in rural areas, coupled with inappropriate health care seeking behaviour in the community limits the usefulness of information derived from hospital data. This study was aimed at determining disease patterns in a rural community in Nigeria using the records of voluntary health workers. We followed up a well-defined rural community for one year and collated records of active voluntary health workers (VHWs) who provide health care to these communities. Results showed that Malaria, upper respiratory tract infections (URTI), diarrhoea, measles and accidents were the most common ailments for which the community members sought health care. The annual morbidity rates were malaria 25.4%, URTI 6.0%, accidents 3.2%, and diarrhoea 2.7%. Rates generally decrease with increasing age, except for accidents, for which the rates were highest amongst school-aged children (5-14 years) and lowest amongst adults. Recommendations made include strengthening malaria control efforts, improving routine immunization coverage and providing health education regarding accident prevention.

Accidents↗
PubMed2004

Nigerian women's reproductive aspirations in relation to their knowledge of the obstetric risks associated with grandmultiparity as seen at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if Nigerian women's knowledge of the risks of grandmultiparity has any correlation with their reproductive aspirations. METHOD: A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire survey of booked antenatal mothers seen over a 13-month period at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria. RESULTS: One thousand, four hundred and thirteen (1413) women were interviewed from 1st July 2000 to 30th July 2001. Eighty-one (5.7% ) of the respondents felt that bearing 'too many' children was harmless while the remaining 1332 (94.5% ) felt it was harmful to their health. For these 1332 respondents, their definition of 'too many' ranged from 3 to 12 with a mean of 6.3 +/- 1.7. Over 60% of the 1332 respondents knew the common complications associated with grandmultiparity. Their mean desired family size was 5.0 +/- 1.4 (range: 3-10). At the beginning of their reproductive career, 38.9% of the respondents desired to be multiparous while the remaining 61.1% desired to be grandmultiparous. There was a significant positive correlation between the respondents' definitions of grandmultiparity and their desired family sizes (r = 0.5, p = 0.000). The respondents were categorized into: (a) those likely to become grandmultiparous,based on a desired family size = 5 and (b) those unlikely to, based on a desired family size < 5. Twelve of 33 variables tested as predictors of grandmultiparity were statistically significant on univariate logistic regression (p = 0.05). Apart from the respondents' definition of grandmultiparity, most of the other significant variables were socio-cultural factors; e.g., lack of post-secondary education (OR = 2.0); need to compensate for the small size of husband's family (OR = 2.3) and need for children who will take care of the respondents in old age (OR = 1.8). Knowledge of the specific obstetric risks associated with grandmultiparity was one of the 21 variables that were not statistically significant. On multivariate logistic regression, the respondents' definition of grandmultiparity was the only significant predictor of grandmultiparity (B = 0.6, OR = 1.8, p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: The higher the number of pregnancies a Nigerian woman perceives as being harmful, the more likely is she to become grandmultiparous. However,. there is no significant correlation between her knowledge of specific obstetric risks associated with grandmultiparity and her likelihood of becoming grandmultiparous. The implications of the results are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Pattern of vulval warts at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria.

A retrospective analysis of 45 cases of condyloma acuminata seen at the gynecology clinic of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital between January 1976 and December 1985 was carried out. The prevalence of condyloma acuminata was found to be highest in the single, young and sexually active age group. There was no definite trend in the yearly incidence of vulval warts. Marked association with moniliasis and trichomoniasis was found. Gonorrhea was detected in two patients, but there was no confirmed case of syphilis seen. The mainstay of treatment was the application of 25% podophyllin resin in benzoin tincture either alone or in combination with cold knife excision or diathermy excision. The overall response to all methods of treatment was 64% while treatment with podophyllin alone gave a success rate of 80% and 60% in mild and moderate cases, respectively. The overall incidence of condyloma acuminata was 2.7 per 1000 women seen.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Management of protein-energy malnutrition in Nigeria: an evaluation of the regimen at the Kersey Nutrition Rehabilitation Centre, Nigeria.

An evaluation of the performance of the Kersey Nutrition Rehabilitation Centre in Nigeria was undertaken with particular focus on mortality, rate of weight gain, and the management strategy. During 1987-1991 the total number of admissions for protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) was 803. The age group most commonly represented were those aged 12-29 months. Kwashiorkor cases formed the largest proportion of admissions (66%). Marasmic cases consistently predominated among children aged < 18 months. Average mortality was 22% during the 5 years. Mortality among oedematous patients was 25% compared with 15% among marasmic cases. The rate of weight gain averaged 7 g/kg/d for marasmic and marasmic-kwashiorkor cases and 6 g/kg/d for kwashiorkor cases. Specific recommendations are made to improve case-management, focusing particularly on the prevention of deaths in the first few days after admission.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2001

Contraceptive use at the family planning clinic of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria.

During the five year review period (January 1993-December 1997), 19,470 clients visited the family planning clinic of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu. Of these, 2402 clients (12%) were new patients and 17,068 (88%) were old patients. Among the new clients, 2262 (94%) eventually accepted a contraceptive method. The majority of the women (60%) chose the intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD), 20% chose the injectables, while bilateral tubal ligation and norplant were chosen by 8% and 7%, respectively, of the clients. The oral contraceptive pill was the least popular (1%). Variations in the pattern of contraceptive use among clients at the family planning clinic were discussed. Measures to increase the contraceptive prevalence, and particularly strategies to meet the specific contraceptive needs of clients at the clinic, were also examined.

Contraception Behavior↗
PubMed1989

Dermatophyte fungi in the Guinea Savannah region of Nigeria and the changing phase of dermatophytosis in Nigeria.

Approximately 8,000 patients with various skin diseases were seen at the Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Kaduna, Nigeria between January 1983 and December 1986. 174 (2.2%) presented with features in which a clinical diagnosis of superficial fungal infection was made or suspected. 69 out of 190 (36.3%) of specimens taken from skin lesions or nails from these patients were mycologically positive. The fungi isolated were Trichophyton rubrum (24.6%), Tr. soudanense (13.0%), Candida albicans (5.8%) Hendersonula toruloidea (2.9%), Microsporum audouinii (1.5%) and Epidermophyton floccosum (1.5%); 34.8% of the specimens were positive on microscopy but failed to grow. Malassezia furfur was demonstrated in 15.9% of the 69 positive specimens.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Schistosomiasis and intestinal parasites in rural villages in southwest Nigeria: an indication for expanded programme on drug distribution and integrated control programme in Nigeria.

A cross sectional survey of schistosomiasis, intestinal parasite infections and pattern of schistosomiasis transmission was undertaken in four rural villages around the Erinle dam, Nigeria. The prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium ranged from 10% to 60%. 30% of infected school children excreted over 50 eggs/10 ml urine and high rates of haematuria, proteinuria, leucocyturia and nitrites in urine were observed in infected children and the villagers. Prevalence of infection with S. mansoni ranged from 11.4% to 36.8%. Intensity of infection based on geometric mean eggs/gram of faeces ranged between 100 and 545.7 eggs/g. Malacological surveys showed that Biomphalaria pfeifferi was the predominant potential snail hosts recovered at all the contact sites. Higher infections with schistosome parasites were also recorded for B. pfeifferi than Bulinus globosus. The pattern of transmission of schistosomiasis by the snails is consistent and makes incorporation of community-based focal application of a molluscicide such as Tetrapleura tetraptera in integrated control of schistosomiasis feasible in the area. Prevalence and intensity with Ascaris lumbricoides was high. The highest prevalence was 68.9% while the highest intensity of infection was 2,440.9 eggs/gram of faeces. Multiple infections occured with various combinations of Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, S. haematobium, Fasciola gigantica, S. mansoni, and Entamoeba histolytica (as double, triple or quadruple infections). The results suggest an integrated approach to the control of schistosomiasis and intestinal parasites in this part of the country.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Anthropometric estimation of basal metabolic rate in Nigeria children and adolescents of Niger delta region of Nigeria.

Most data on basal metabolic rates (BMR) obtained are from developed countries of the world and a few from Asian countries. No literature is available on BMR in Nigerian children, hence this investigation was carried out in a total of 801 randomly sampled human subjects 606 of whom are children (ages 6 to 17 years) and 195 adolescents' (ages 14 to 19 years). Among the children, 264 were boys while 342 were girls. In adolescents, 119 were boys and 76 were girls. It was found that the BMR in Nigerian children ranged between 33.3 and 58.42 in males, 37.54 and 53.42 in females. The BMR's were higher at lower age groups than in the older children. The BMR's were higher than those of their counter part caucasian or Asian children. But the results were within the 15% deviation set as normal standards by Mayo foundation standard charts of BMR.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ventriculo peritoneal shunts in children. A ten year experience at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu-Nigeria.

In a ten year period (1977--1986) one hundred and fifty children with hydrocephalus who received ventriculo-peritoneal shunt as their modality of treatment were followed up. Seventy-one per cent of these children were neonates and infants, the majority of them presenting within the first 3 months of onset of symptoms and signs. The major causes of hydrocephalus in these children were congenital malformations, meningitis, tumours and trauma. Pudenz shunt systems were favoured in the 1977--81 period, while 1982--86 period witnessed an upsurge of self devised catheters because of dwindling national economy. The latter were cheaper and more readily available. Apart from blockage of shunts which occurred more in self devised catheters, the performance of these catheters in terms of shunt infections and other complications were same in both self devised and conventional catheters. The main complications encountered were blockage and infection of the shunts, while rare complications included migration and extrusion of shunts to and from the peritoneal cavity, CSF ascites and recurrent abdominal cysts.

Child, Preschool↗