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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Occasional parasitic infections of man in Papua New Guinea and Irian Jaya (New Guinea).

Most parasites of man in New Guinea are cosmopolitan species, widely distributed and highly prevalent in the island. Reports of other parasite infections are reviewed. This impoverished fauna includes anthroponotic species normally occurring at low prevalences, e.g. Isospora belli, Dientamoeba fragilis, Trichomonas hominis and a few zoonotic forms with pigs as reservoir hosts, notably Balantidium coli and Entamoeba polecki. Other zoonoses are very few and extremely rare. This may be due to the reduced placental mammal fauna. The potential for the spread of Taenia solium infection is highlighted, as is the unique zoogeographical distribution of the Strongloides species resembling S. fuelleborni. Enterobius gregorii is recorded for the first time from Papua New Guinea.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

AFLP analysis of genetic variability in New Guinea impatiens.

New Guinea impatiens ( Impatiens hawkeri) is an economically important floral crop, however, little work has been conducted to further our understanding of the genetics of this crop. In this study, we used amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technology to investigate the level of polymorphism present among 41 commercial cultivars of New Guinea impatiens, study their genetic relatedness, and assess the genetic diversity in this material. An efficient DNA extraction protocol was developed, and a total of 48 EcoRI and MseI primer combinations were used for PCR amplification. Amplification products were then subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The AFLP analysis showed that all 41 cultivars generated between 73 and 130 scoreable polymorphic bands per primer combination. Gower's Genetic Dissimilarity estimates for the entire set of cultivars ranged between 0.940 and 0.488. A dendogram was generated from these dissimilarity data that revealed four groupings among these 41 cultivars. The implications of these results on genotypic variation, genetic relationships, and genetic diversity in New Guinea impatiens will be discussed.

DNA, Plant↗
PubMed1980

Further evidence for heterogeneity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Papua New Guinea.

Four new G6PD variants have been characterized in individuals from Papua New Guinea. This study demonstrates that the previously reported Markham variant and the newly characterized Salata variant may be widely distributed in Papua New Guinea. Th data presented here together with those of previously published studies demonstrate a degree of heterogeneity of G6PD deficiency that is much higher than that in other regions of the world where G6PD deficiency is common.

Electrophoresis, Starch Gel↗
PubMed2001

The change from general nurse education to a nursing diploma in Papua New Guinea.

Papua New Guinea has started to change from a hospital based general nurse training to a competency based, university linked, diploma of nursing training program. This paper looks at the development of nurse education in Papua New Guinea. It also briefly outlines the present and proposed courses. The expected benefits and anticipated problems are then discussed and the paper ends with challenges being faced by those involved in nurse education.

Education, Nursing, Diploma Programs↗
PubMed2005

A rapid situation assessment of drug use in Papua New Guinea.

Papua New Guinea (PNG) is an Asia Pacific country that we hear little about in the drug and alcohol area. Recently at the APEC meeting in Chile, the Australian Prime Minister, Mr John Howard, announced that PNG would be one of the countries of focus with regards to public health programs and HIV AIDS assistance by Australia in the future. This is a timely report of a rapid situation assessment (RSA) of drug use and drug-related harm in Papua New Guinea (PNG) conducted in 1998-1999, with comments on developments since that time. The author of this paper, David McDonald, was appointed as the international consultant to work with the PNG National Narcotics Bureau to undertake an assessment of drug use in PNG, and is well-equipped to report on the drug and alcohol situation in that country. The rapid assessment study was conducted to provide up-to-date, factual information about drugs in PNG that could contribute to the development of a national drug strategy for PNG. The focus was on illegal drugs in accordance with the mandates of the auspicing bodies--namely cannabis and home-brewed alcohol. In keeping with the methodology for rapid assessment, the author utilised multiple information sources including published literature, administrative by-product data, case studies, a key informants' study and structured interviews with drug users. It was found that alcohol--both licit and home brew, as well as high potency cannabis, were the major substance problems in PNG. This paper, based on a more detailed report available through the author, provides a snap-shot of substance use problems in PNG. However, the author reports that problems in public sector management within and external to the sponsoring agency, the National Narcotics Bureau, have meant that the proposed national drug control strategy has not yet been developed.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1980

Venereal diseases in the Pacific Islands. Papua New Guinea.

Papua New Guinea, which contains nearly three-quarters of the population of the 20 islands, or island groups, studied by the South Pacific Commission has a commensurate proportion of reported cases of syphilis and gonorrhoea. It is a country with an exceptional interest for the venereologist as it exhibits all the facets of venereal disease problems as experienced the world over. With the opening up of communications syphilis has gained a foothold in what were areas previously endemic with yaws; moreover, some yaws still remains (particularly in the offshore islands)--the two conditions tending to be mutually exclusive. In the area around the capital, Port Moresby, the prevalence of Donovanosis is unparalleled.

Gonorrhea↗
PubMed1998

Crocodylocapillaria longiovata n. gen., n. sp. (Nematoda: Capillariidae) from the stomach of crocodiles in Australia and New Guinea.

A new nematode, Crocodylocapillaria longiovata n. gen. and n. sp., is described from the stomach of wild and farmed young crocodiles, Crocodylus johnstoni Krefft, and Crocodylus porosus Schneider, from northern Australia and Papua New Guinea; it is undoubtedly identical with the nematodes previously reported as Capillaria sp. from Crocodylus novaequineae Schmidt from Irian Jaya, Indonesia. This capillariid species represents a new genus, being characterized mainly by the presence of elongate eggs with unusually long protruding polar plugs, a well developed vulvar appendage, a weakly sclerotized spicule, proximal and distal parts of the spicular sheath with spines, and the male posterior end with 2 large lateral caudal lobes and a pair of papillae near the cloacal opening. The body length of C. longiovara males and females is 5,576-7,208 microm and 8,609-14,008 microm, respectively, the spicule is 276-369 microm long; the size of the egg proper is 48-60 x 15-21 microm, length of polar plugs 15-18 microm. Neocapillaria Yi and Guitang, 1994, a junior homonym of Neocapillaria Moravec, 1987, is re-named Sinocapillaria nom. n. and placed as a synonym of Pseudocapillaria Freitas, 1959. Indocapillaria De and Maity, 1995 is retained as a subgenus of Pseudocapillaria because of the possession of a vulvar appendage in the type species. Neocapillaria Moravec, 1987 remains a subgenus of Capillaria Zeder, 1800. A key to genera of the Capillariidae from poikilotherm vertebrates is provided; C. longiovata is the first capillariid species described from the digestive tract of crocodiles.

Alligators and Crocodiles↗
PubMed1991

Declining impact of oral rehydration therapy in a Papua New Guinea Highlands Province: a case study with implications for Papua New Guinea's National Diarrheal Disease Control Program.

A provincial diarrheal disease control program that was based on the delivery of oral rehydration solution (ORS) from health facilities now places greater emphasis on the management of diarrhea with fluids at home. The change in strategy has been associated with decreasing utilization of health facilities and increasing mortality from diarrheal disease. The declining impact is attributed to the promotion of home-based management with little preparation of the target population for their therapeutic role. National policy recommends home-based management for mild cases of diarrhea and ORS for more severe cases. Our observations in the Southern Highlands Province have important implications for the diarrheal disease control program in Papua New Guinea.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Papua New Guinea].

Papua New Guinea is an independent country located in Oceania with a population of 4.9 million. Urban development is low and the estimated population density is 9 inhabitants per square kilometre. The terrain is mountainous and accessibility for health care services is difficult in some locations. Medical care facilities are organized in 18 provinces that are divided into 2 to 8 districts in which basic health care and hospital services are delivered through 1765 first aid units, 319 dispensaries, 189 specialized clinics and centers and 19 hospitals. There are no local schools for training medical and paramedical personnel who come from outside the country. Malaria, filariasis, leprosy, tuberculosis, infant diarrheal diseases, viral hepatitis, and envenomation are major public health problems. Buruli ulcer, dengue fever and arboviruses are emerging diseases.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed2003

The epidemiology of malaria in Papua New Guinea.

Papua New Guinea (PNG) is a patchwork of different ecological zones, inhabited by human populations of exceptional cultural and linguistic diversity. This results in complex variations in vector ecology and malaria epidemiology. Malaria is the main cause of morbidity in many health facilities in lowland areas, but it is absent in much of the highlands. All four human malaria species occur, but endemicity varies widely, with Plasmodium falciparum locally reaching holo-endemic levels that are rarely found outside sub-Saharan Africa. The high frequency of Plasmodium vivax is an important difference to most African situations. PNG is therefore a prime location for studies of interactions between different parasite species, and of the biology of local human genetic adaptation and its implications for malaria morbidity and mortality.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Current opportunities and future challenges in child health in Papua New Guinea.

Papua New Guinea (PNG) is at a crossroads in child health care. We know how to treat or prevent most of the diseases causing child and maternal mortality, but we are failing to deliver the services to where most of the people are dying. There is much to be learnt from early achievements in the development of health services in PNG. Between the 1950s and 1970s the infant mortality rate fell from 250-500 per 1000 livebirths to 77-100 per 1000 livebirths. This occurred predominantly because of an emphasis on public health programs and cost-effective standard treatment. Now the public health services have deteriorated, vaccine coverage is poor and health workers are not fully using the standard treatment resources available to them. The greatest academic and practical challenges facing medicine in PNG are to implement effective and consistent delivery of vaccines, and nutritional, basic curative and maternal care to remote or impoverished communities. The other unmet prerequisites for improvement in health status are that communities participate in and take some responsibility for their health care needs. There are now unprecedented opportunities for collaboration with international partners, churches, non-government organizations and community groups to achieve these goals. Specific key strategies in child health include the more widespread utilization of the 10-Step Checklist, adoption of some of the World Health Organization Integrated Management of Childhood Illness strategies, increased output of child health nursing training, improving vaccine delivery and cold-chain services, and new immunization strategies for acute respiratory infections. The National Health Plan 2001-2010, launched in August 2000, emphasizes the vital importance of public health; the need for greater access to quality health services; improving clinical skills among health workers at all levels; and cooperation between all interested parties. By 2010 the National Health Plan must be judged not on how good the plan seemed on paper, but on whether there was a measurable reduction in maternal and child mortality over the first decade of this century.

Child↗
PubMed1996

Health insurance and medical schemes in Papua New Guinea.

Papua New Guinea (PNG) is an independent nation in the Pacific region. It is located due north of Australia. It is made up of a main island and about 100 smaller islands in the Bismark and Solomon Seas, to the north and east of the main island. The population of PNG is about 4.0 million, the total land area approximately 463,840 sq km and population density 8/square km. Only about 15% of the population is urban, average household size is 5.4 and 45.1% literate. Politically and administratively, it is divided into nineteen provinces and a National Capital District. Since 85% of the population lives in rural areas, the provision of services to the rural areas is constrained by difficult terrain, poor infrastructure and geographic dispersion of the rural population. PNG is a developing Pacific nation with an economy largely based on primary and mining industries. According to the 1993 World Bank estimates, more than 30% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is derived from agriculture. The expenditure on health, as a percentage of the GDP, was 2.8% in 1989, (Table 1). This is low compared to developed nations (ranging from 8% to 14%), but very reasonable compared to the rest of the developing world. Indonesia for example expends 2.7% of GDP on health care. All government expenditures declined sharply in the post 1989 period, including health care expenditures. However, by 1989, the expenditure per capita on health was almost back to 1986 levels. PNG has a small population base relative to the other countries in its World Bank peer group. However, its per capita GDP is reasonable at US$850, the third highest amongst its group and higher than Indonesia, for example, which is US$700/head. Like almost all countries in its gorup, it experienced a negative growth rate over the decade 1980-1991 but kept inflation at a reasonable 5.2% for the same period. On most other indicators PNG fares reasonably well, in comparison with other developing nations (Tables 2 & 3).

Adolescent↗