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Results for “NEUROLOGIC MANIFESTATIONS”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Neurotological auditory brain stem response findings in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients without neurologic manifestations.

Neurologic manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, rather than being a late complication of the disease, are principally correlated with the early central nervous system (CNS) localization of HIV. The CNS may be infected in the early stages of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) without evidence of neurologic disorders. Evoked potentials (visual, auditory, and somatosensory) and electronystagmographic test batteries have proven to be very sensitive in showing subclinical CNS disorders due to HIV. In this study, auditory brain stem response (ABR) and electronystagmographic test battery findings (smooth pursuit, saccades, caloric test) were performed in 29 neurologically asymptomatic, HIV-positive subjects at different stages of the disease. Compared to results of a control group, the ABR latencies of waves V, I, and III and interpeaks I-V and III-V were significantly increased in HIV patients. The same parameters did not differ significantly among the stages of the disease. In HIV-positive subjects, the accuracy of saccades was significantly reduced, while latency was normal. The velocity and the gain of pursuit were significantly reduced in HIV-positive patients, and 15 of 29 patients showed corrective saccades. Caloric tests revealed qualitative nystagmus abnormalities in 82% of HIV patients, while quantitative parameters were normal. The present results confirm that CNS involvement by HIV occurs early in the course of the disease. In particular, HIV does not seem to affect the labyrinth or the eighth cranial nerve, as demonstrated by the normality of the I-III value of the ABR and of the quantitative parameters of the caloric responses, but it does appear to involve the brain stem acoustic pathways, pontocerebellar pathways, and supratentorial areas.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Uveitis with neurological manifestations.

Neurological symptoms are not rare in patients with various uveitic syndromes, and they can be used as a guide to diagnosis. Some of the findings are nonspecific, but others can be typical of certain pathological conditions (table). After combining the information obtained in the medical history with the physical examination, target-oriented laboratory and diagnostic tests may then be obtained to confirm a diagnosis. Neurological manifestations can be of great value throughout this process and clearly should be carefully evaluated in every patient with uveitis.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

[Neurological manifestations in monoclonal gammapathies. Pure neurological manifestations. Immunofluorescence study].

Analysis of 105 peripheral and central nervous system complications in 1062 monoclonal gammapathies draws attention to two types of phenomena. The possibility of pure neurological manifestations of IgM monoclonal gammapathies with macroglobulinorachia leads to discussion of their nosological position in relation to Waldenström's disease, Burkitt's lymphoma and Marek's disease. It is suggested that these cases should be reclassified under the heading "secreting neurolymphomatosis". Immunofluorescence and electron microscopy of 10 biopsies of the peripheral nerve showed deposits of monoclonal immunoglobulin whose function in determining peripheral neuropathies is discussed. The simultaneous presence of lymphoid infiltration, amyloid deposits and the monoclonal immunoglobulin (M component) suggests that this immunoglobulin could be the link between the cellular infiltrate secreting it and amyloid infiltration which would be the visible manifestation of it.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis↗
PubMed2005

Focal neurological manifestations in Legionellosis.

Legionnaires' disease is an atypical pneumonia with protean multisystem manifestations. Neurological involvement in legionellosis is rare and tends to be among the presenting manifestations. We report a previously healthy young lady who developed focal sensory deficits and cerebellar dysfunction after clinical recovery from Legionella pneumonia. The care is unusual for the delayed appearance of striking focal sensory abnormalities and cerebellar dysfunction.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Fibrous dysplasia of the skull: neurologic manifestations].

The neurological manifestations of eight patients with osseous fibrous dysplasia of skull were retrospectively studied. In this series, the frontal bone was involved in 75% of the patients, the sphenoid or temporal bones in 37.5%, and the parietal in 25%. It was observed that cranial deformities occurred in all but one case, headache was present in 87.5% of the patients, visual disturbances in 50%, proptosis in 25%, and auditive symptoms in 12.5%. Six out of the eight patients were operated on: three of the four who presented progressive visual loss had postoperative improvement. In their follow up, none presented, until now, evidence of recurrence or worsening of symptoms, confirming the benign nature of fibrous dysplasia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Neurologic manifestations of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections: diverse spectrum of diseases. A report of six cases and review of the literature.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common cause of upper and lower respiratory tract infections of varying severity. It is also responsible for producing a wide spectrum of nonpulmonary manifestations including neurologic, hepatic, cardiac, and hematologic diseases. The neurologic manifestations are reported to be the most common nonpulmonary manifestations. We describe six patients demonstrating the protean neurologic manifestations of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections. Four patients presented with the central nervous system manifestations of pyramidal and extrapyramidal tract dysfunction, seizures, cognitive abnormalities, and cerebellar dysfunction. Two patients presented with transverse myelitis. The outcome of this condition ranges from normal to severe residual deficits. Increased awareness of this disease entity may facilitate early diagnosis and thereby expedite starting appropriate therapy that may modify the outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Neuro-ophthalmological disorders in HIV infected subjects with neurological manifestations.

AIMS: To determine the frequency and features of neuro-ophthalmological manifestations in neurologically symptomatic HIV infected patients and to assess whether or not the visual evoked potential (VEP) features in these patients differ from those of neurologically asymptomatic HIV infected patients. METHODS: Neuro-ophthalmological evaluation was performed in 166 neurologically symptomatic confirmed HIV positive patients, of whom 75 with normal ophthalmological examination were further studied by means of VEPs. The VEPs values were compared to those obtained from 53 other confirmed HIV positive subjects with neither ophthalmological nor neurological manifestations, who served as a comparison group and to the references values of our laboratory. RESULTS: An abnormal neuro-ophthalmological examination was noted in 99/166 patients (60%). Eye movement disorders were present in 99 patients (51%). Visual field defects were detected in 39% of the patients. Optic neuropathy was noted in 31%, papilloedema in 27% and ocular motor nerve palsies in 26% of the patients. Toxoplasmosis and cryptococcosis were the most frequent associated pathologies, though in some patients the HIV itself was the presumed cause. VEPs were abnormal in 57% and 42% of patients with and without neurological manifestations, respectively. Compared to asymptomatic patients, symptomatic patients had a significantly increased mean latency; however, both groups had significant increase in mean latency compared to reference values. CONCLUSION: Neuro-ophthalmological manifestations are common in neurologically symptomatic HIV infected patients. Subclinical dysfunction in the visual pathways is a common phenomenon in both HIV infected patients with and without neurological symptoms, but neurologically symptomatic patients seem to have more damage in their visual pathways.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Neurologic manifestations in trichinosis].

Neurologic manifestations are present in about 10-20 percent of patients with trichinosis. They could be a serious diagnostic problem in the absence of corresponding epidemiological data and typical symptoms and signs of the disease. In untreated patients the mortality rate is about 50%. Several pathogenic mechanisms are responsible for the neurological complications in trichinosis: obstruction of brain blood vessels by larvae, cysts or granulomas, toxic vasculitis with secondary thrombosis and haemorrhages, granulomatous inflammation of the brain parenchyma and allergic reaction. Neurotrichinosis is manifested with clinical symptoms and signs of meningitis, encephalitis, polyradiculoneuritis, poliomyelitis, myastenia gravis, paresis and paralysis, with the clinical picture of systemic disease of the connective tissue involving the nervous system and, extremely rare, as a sinus thrombosis. Thus, the broad spectrum of neurological lesions in trichinosis is, probably, the results of the fact that Trichinella spiralis larvae, during haematogenic dissemination has no special affinity for particular parts of the nervous system. We present five patients with encephalitis and focal cerebral lesions in trichinosis. In one patient the neurologic manifestations were the only sign of the disease. We believe that all pathogenic mechanisms mentioned above, were involved in the onset of neurological manifestations in our patients. The diagnosis of the disease was based on the clinical picture, epidemiological data, microscopic identification of larvae in the muscular tissue, the presence of antibodies against Trichinella spiralis in cerebrospinal fluid (with preserved blood brain barrier) and in serum confirmed by IIF method, computerised tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, eosinophilia in the peripheral blood picture. One patient died, and in the remaining patients the course of the disease was favourable; they were discharged from the hospital with minimal neurologic sequelae.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[The neurological manifestations of celiac disease in children].

Neurological manifestations are occasionally associated with celiac disease in both adults and children. In the past these manifestations were related to nutritional deficiencies. However, since neurological manifestations can be demonstrated in patients without nutritional deficiencies, the etiology may be immune or toxic mediated. We present an update on the neurological manifestations of celiac disease, particularly in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Neurologic manifestations in Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis: a review of 260 bacteremic cases in nondrug addicts.

PURPOSE: To investigate the neurologic manifestations of infective endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus in a population of nondrug addicts with special emphasis on the clinical presentation, epidemiology, and mortality. PATIENTS AND METHODS: During the period from 1982 to 1991 a total of 8,514 cases of bacteremia with S aureus were reported to the Staphylococcus Laboratory, Copenhagen, Denmark. The medical records of cases of suspected infective endocarditis were retrospectively reviewed and classified according to the new diagnostic criteria for endocarditis proposed by Durack. RESULTS: A total of 260 cases from 63 hospitals fulfilled the diagnostic criteria. Overall, 91 patients (35%) experienced neurologic manifestations. Sixty-one presented with neurologic symptoms, whereas 30 patients developed neurologic complications at various intervals (median: 10 days) after the debut of the disease. The most frequent neurologic manifestation was unilateral hemiparesis, which occurred in 41 patients (45%). Forty-two percent of the females had neurologic manifestations compared to only 30% of the males (P = 0.06). Cases with native mitral valve infection had a significantly higher frequency of neurologic manifestations compared with all other valvular involvement (44% versus 29%, P = 0.02) but the frequency of neurologic complications was only nonsignificantly higher in those patients with native mitral valve infection than in those patients with native aortic valve infection (44% versus 31%, P = 0.10). Only two of the patients with tricuspid valve infection and none of those with congenital heart disorder experienced neurologic manifestations. A neurologic manifestation occurred in 22 (35%) of the 63 episodes in which vegetations were detected on the echocardiograms, compared with 17 (26%) of the 65 episodes without vegetations (P = 0.38). The mortality was 74% in patients with major neurologic manifestations and 56% in patients without neurologic manifestations (P = 0.008). In patients with neurologic complications the mortality was significantly higher among those treated with antibiotics alone as compared with those treated surgically (65 of 81, 80% versus 2 of 10, 20%; P = 0.0003). CONCLUSIONS: In a population of nondrug addicts with infective endocarditis caused by S aureus the following main conclusions can be drawn: neurologic manifestations occur with a higher frequency in patients with native mitral valve infection. The presence of vegetations on echocardiograms is not a risk factor for developing neurologic complications but this conclusion is based on the results of transthoracic echocardiograms performed in only one half of the patients. The majority of the neurologic manifestations occur on presentation or shortly thereafter and the risk of recurrent embolism is low. Mortality is increased in patients with neurologic manifestations. A neurologic event per se may constitute an indication for surgical treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Neurological manifestations associated with bronchogenic carcinoma.

Neurological manifestations of bronchogenic carcinoma were studied in 50 cases, 42% of whom showed neurological abnormalities with 6% having more than one type. Recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis (20%) was the commonest, phrenic nerve paralysis (2%), paraneoplastic syndrome (12%), Pancoast's syndrome (10%) and metastatic involvement of central nervous system (4%) were other neurological manifestations. No evidence of encephalitis, motor neurone disease, myelopathy, Eaton-Lambert syndrome, myositis and drug-induced peripheral neuropathy was found in this study.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed2004

Autoantibodies against alpha-fodrin in Sjögren's syndrome with neurological manifestations.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnostic value of autoantibodies against alpha-fodrin in patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) with neurological manifestations compared to SS patients without neurological manifestations, a control group, and patients with other neurological autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with neurological manifestations and multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS: We evaluated alpha-fodrin autoantibodies in 31 patients with SS with neurological manifestations, 53 SS patients without neurological symptoms, 38 patients with SLE, 60 with MS, and 160 controls. RESULTS: Twenty of the 31 SS patients with neurological manifestations (64.5%) had an increased concentration of IgA and/or IgG anti-alpha-fodrin. This was not statistically different from that of SS patients without neurological symptoms (73.6%), but was higher than the number with SSA/SSB antibodies, which were found in 15 (48%) of our SS patients without neurological manifestations. When the results of the 2 tests were combined, 28 of the 31 (90.3%) patients had positive autoantibodies (alpha-fodrin and/or SSA/SSB). Alpha-fodrin antibodies were increased in 8 (13.3%) of the 60 patients with MS, in 6 (15.7%) of 38 patients with SLE, and in 10 (6.3%) of 160 controls. CONCLUSION: Our results confirm that alpha-fodrin antibodies are an additional diagnostic tool for SS. This test is of particular interest for patients with SS with neurological manifestations, in whom anti SSA/SSB antibodies are less frequently found.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

P300 and neuropsychological evaluation in Behçet's disease with and without neurological manifestations.

We evaluated cognitive dysfunction in Behçet's disease (BD) with and without neurological manifestations by P300 and neuropsychological tests. Thirty-four BD patients without neurological manifestations, eighteen BD patients with neurological manifestations and 15 controls were studied. P300 potentials and neuropsychological tests were performed. P300 latency values and neuropsychological tests were not significantly different from the normal controls in BD patients without neurological manifestations. In neurologically symptomatic patients attention and memory deficits and delayed P300 potentials were found.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Primary neurological manifestations of lung cancer--a retrospective analysis of 8 patients.

Neurological manifestations are reported in 5 to 10% of cases of lung cancer. We present a series of 216 consecutive patients of lung cancer of which 8 patients presented first with neurological manifestations without overt respiratory symptoms. The present study aimed to identify the number of patients of lung cancer presenting with primary neurological symptoms, the nature of the presentations, and the outcome of these patients among 216 patients who presented over a 2 year period in the Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata. Out of 8 patients, 3 patients presented with seizures, 3 patients with hemiparesis and 2 patients with paraparesis. Thus, 3.7% (8/216) of patients in our series presented with a neurological manifestation. We concluded that primary neurological manifestations are rare in lung cancer. The lungs should be the first site of evaluation in a case of a cerebral metastasis with an unknown primary.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neurological manifestations of uraemia and chronic dialysis.

BACKGROUND: The management of uraemic neurological manifestations is a major target of the treatment of the uraemic syndrome. Chronic dialysis is associated with novel neurological manifestations. OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical characteristics, pathogenesis and management of the main neurological syndromes encountered in uraemia and chronic dialysis. METHODS: Review of the pertinent literature. Selected references, which have been critical in the understanding of the topic, were included in this review. RESULTS: The main neurological manifestations of uraemia include encephalopathy, neuropathy that can affect cranial, peripheral and autonomic nerves, and proximal myopathy. Retention of uraemic toxins is the main putative cause of uraemic encephalopathy and neuropathy. Arrest or prevention of uraemic encephalopathy and neuropathy are main targets of the dialytic treatment and constitute major criteria of its adequacy. The main cause of uraemic myopathy is secondary hyperparathyroidism and parathyroidectomy is its main treatment. Chronic dialysis is associated with three main neurological syndromes, the disequilibrium syndrome, seen usually in the first few haemodialysis sessions and prevented by starting dialysis with a low dose and progressively increasing the dialysis dose in subsequent dialysis sessions, dialysis dementia, which results from aluminium overloading and is prevented by reducing exposure of the dialysis patients to aluminium, and nerve entrapment, particularly carpal tunnel syndrome, which is caused by beta2-microglobulin amyloidosis and may be prevented by the use of high-flux dialysers which provide relatively high clearance for beta2-microglobulin or by daily haemodialysis. CONCLUSIONS: Specific neurological manifestations are part of the uraemic syndrome and may complicate chronic dialysis. The diagnosis of these manifestations, their differentiation from other neurological syndromes that can complicate the course of renal failure or dialysis, and their specific treatment require clinical acumen and represent a major challenge for physicians treating patients with chronic renal failure or undergoing chronic dialysis.

Humans↗
PubMed2002

Neurologic manifestations of gastrointestinal disease.

Although previously considered rare, neurologic manifestations of gastrointestinal diseases are increasingly recognized. Understanding of Whipple disease and gluten sensitivity is in transition and these conditions are becoming the province of neurologists. Recent improvements in diagnostic testing have improved our understanding and case finding for vitamin B12 deficiency. Many patients with these conditions present with neurologic manifestations alone. Therefore, these conditions are becoming the province of neurologists, and neurologic manifestations of gastrointestinal disease are becoming a more common part of neurologic practice.

Cerebrovascular Disorders↗