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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Gamma knife radiosurgery as a primary treatment for prolactinomas.

OBJECT: The purpose of this study was to estimate the efficacy of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) in controlling tumor growth and endocrinopathy associated with prolactinomas. METHODS: Between 1993 and 1997, 164 of 469 patients with pituitary adenomas treated by GKS harbored prolactinomas. The dose to the tumor margin ranged from 9 to 35 Gy (mean 31.2 Gy), and the visual pathways were exposed to a dose of less than 10 Gy. The mean tumor diameter was 13.4 mm. The mean follow-up time for 128 cases was 33.2 months (range 6-72 months). Tumor control was observed in all but two patients who underwent surgery 18 and 36 months, respectively, after GKS. Clinical cure was achieved in 67 cases. Clinical improvement was noted with a decrease in the hyperprolactinemia after GKS. Nonetheless, in 31 (29%) of 108 patients who were followed for more than 2 years no improvement in serum prolactin levels was demonstrated, although this could be normalized by bromocriptine administration after treatment. Nine infertile women became pregnant 2 to 13 months after GKS and all gave birth to normal children. There was no visual deterioration related to GKS. Five women experienced premature menopause. In these patients there was subtotal disappearance of the tumor and an empty sella developed. CONCLUSIONS: Gamma knife radiosurgery as a primary treatment for prolactinomas can be safe and effective both for controlling tumor growth and for normalization of prolactin hypersecretion. A higher margin dose (> or = 30 Gy) seemed to be associated with a better clinical outcome. Gamma knife radiosurgery may make prolactinomas more sensitive to the bromocriptine.

Humans↗
PubMed2002

Radiosurgery for residual or recurrent nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma.

OBJECT: Nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas comprise approximately 30% of all pituitary tumors. The purpose of this retrospective study is to evaluate the efficacy and role of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) in the management of residual or recurrent nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. METHODS: A review was conducted of the data obtained in 42 patients who underwent adjuvant GKS at the University of Pittsburgh between 1987 and 2001. Prior treatments included transsphenoidal resection, craniotomy and resection, or conventional radiotherapy. Endocrinological, ophthalmological, and radiological responses were evaluated. The duration of follow-up review varied from 6 to 102 months (mean 31.2 months). Fifteen patients were observed for more than 40 months. The mean radiation dose to the tumor margin was 16 Gy. Conformal radiosurgery planning was used to restrict the dose to the optic nerve and chiasm. Tumor control after GKS was achieved in 100% of patients with microadenomas and 97% of patients with macroadenomas. Gamma knife radiosurgery was equally effective in controlling adenomas with cavernous sinus invasion and suprasellar extension. No patient developed a new endocrinological deficiency following GKS. One patient's tumor enlarged with an associated decline in visual function. Another patient experienced a deterioration of visual fields despite a decrease in tumor size. CONCLUSIONS: Gamma knife radiosurgery can achieve tumor control in virtually all residual or recurrent nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. Dose sparing facilitates tumor management even when the adenoma is close to the optic apparatus or invades the cavernous sinus.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1978

[Study of 108 cases of cervico-brachial neuralgia: the concepts of idiopathic cervico-brachial neuralgia and cervico-arthrotic cervico-brachial neuralgia].

On the basis of a series of 108 cases of cervicobrachial neuralgia a study was made of the clinical characteristics, circumstances of appearance, associated neurological signs, sequelae, relapses, and aetiologies of these observations. This series permits consideration of the aetiopathogenesis of cervicobrachial neuralgias of rheumatic origin from a new angle. The disco-osteophytic nodule does not appear to play the role classically attributed to it. Three forms are distinguished: idiopathic cervicobrachial neuralgia of transient occurrence with a cyclic duration and little tendency to recurrence and not related to concomitant arthrotic lesions; long-term cervicobrachial neuralgia lasting more than 20 weeks and always requiring a search for narrow canal and root anomaly -sometimes the form of onset of cervicarthrotic myelopathies; cervico brachialgia caused by cervicarthrosis seen after the age of 60 and consisting of projected pain rather than true cervicobrachial neuralgia, often recurrent.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Serotonin mediated cluster headache, trigeminal neuralgia, glossopharyngeal neuralgia, and superior laryngeal neuralgia with SAD chronicity.

Cluster headache is a rare and severe pain syndrome with elusive pathophysiology. Serotonin pathways within the brainstem may be implicated in cluster headache with seasonal affective disorder and a subset of cranial nerve neuralgias. We describe and chronicle a syndrome consisting of cluster headache, seasonal affective disorder, with associated trigeminal, glossopharyngeal, superior laryngeal neuralgias in an 11-year-old female. Pharmacologic interventions for this patient were examined in conjunction with current classification, location and function of serotonin receptors. Etiology is postulated as mixed cranial nerve excitation via endogenous 5-HT (agonist) activity of 5-HT3 receptors within the nucleus tractus solitarius and trigeminal tract nucleus.

Cluster Headache↗
PubMed2000

Percutaneous microcompression of the trigeminal ganglion for elderly patients with trigeminal neuralgia and patients with atypical trigeminal neuralgia.

Percutaneous microcompression of the trigeminal ganglion (PMTG) was performed in nine elderly patients (> 70 years) with trigeminal neuralgia and six patients with atypical neuralgia under short-acting anesthesia using propofol. Two patients had postherpetic neuralgia and two had postoperative neuralgia following removal of a posterior fossa neurinoma. Four patients had recurrent neuralgia following microvascular decompression (MVD). PMTG provided complete relief in 10 patients and the other five patients reported at least 50% improvement. No major complications occurred. PMTG is effective for typical trigeminal neuralgia in elderly patients, patients with atypical trigeminal neuralgia, and patients with recurrence after MVD.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Postherpes simplex type 1 neuralgia simulating postherpetic neuralgia.

Patients with prodromal neuralgia associated with recurrent herpes simplex type 1 (HST1) infection and chronic facial pain following years of relapsing HST1 have been described. Chronic neuralgia following a single clinical HST1 infection and simulating postherpetic neuralgia has not been previously reported. Such a case is described: A 49-yr-old woman with a 2-mo history of oral-facial dyskinesia developed burning pain and hypersensitivity of the left side of the tongue, lower gum, and inner cheek, followed 1 day later by a vesicular rash in the same painful distribution. Viral cultures of the lesions identified HST1 but not herpes zoster. Cerebrospinal fluid analyses during the vesicular lesion stage and 1 mo later were normal with no viral growth. Oral and facial lesions resolved after 10 days; acyclovir was given for 3 wk. Brain and brainstem magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electroencephalogram, and brainstem evoked potential studies were normal. Hyperesthesias, allodynia, and burning pain persisted despite nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents, codeine and hydrocodone. Oral opioids were administered until sedation occurred, with no relief of pain. The burning pain and hyperesthesia resolved after the 16th day of amitriptyline use, 75 mg/day. A trial off amitriptyline 6 mo later resulted in recurrence of pain, and amitriptyline was restarted with good pain control. Post-HST1 neuralgia may simulate postherpetic neuralgia clinically, and painful symptoms may respond to amitriptyline.

Amitriptyline↗
PubMed1992

Neuralgia-inducing cavitational osteonecrosis (NICO). Osteomyelitis in 224 jawbone samples from patients with facial neuralgia.

A somewhat obscure etiologic theory for facial neuralgias presumes a low-grade osteomyelitis of the jaws that produces neural degeneration with subsequent production of inappropriate pain signals. Animal investigations and treatment successes with human patients based on this theory lend it credence. The present study examined 224 tissue samples removed from alveolar bone cavities in 135 patients with trigeminal neuralgia or atypical facial neuralgia. All tissue samples demonstrated clear evidence of chronic intraosseous inflammation. The most common microscopic features included dense marrow fibrosis or "scar" formation, a sprinkling of lymphocytes in a relative absence of other inflammatory cells (especially histiocytes), and smudged, nonresorbing necrotic bone flakes. Very little healing or new bone formation was visible. These lesions were able to burrow several centimeters to initiate distant cavities. The present preliminary investigation cannot prove etiology, but the presence of intraosseous inflammation in every single jawbone specimen in these patients and certain clinical and treatment aspects of these lesions (to be reported later) has led the authors to recommend the term neuralgia-inducing cavitational osteonecrosis or NICO for these lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Topical aspirin/diethyl ether mixture versus indomethacin and diclofenac/diethyl ether mixtures for acute herpetic neuralgia and postherpetic neuralgia: a double-blind crossover placebo-controlled study.

The efficacy of topical aspirin/diethyl ether (ADE) mixture in the treatment of acute herpetic neuralgia and postherpetic neuralgia, suggested in a previous open-label study (De Benedittis et al. 1992), has been evaluated in a double-blind crossover placebo-controlled study as compared with two other NSAID (indomethacin and diclofenac) drug/ether mixtures. The study included 37 patients (15 with acute herpetic neuralgia (AHN) and 22 with postherpetic neuralgia (PHN)). Comparative treatment results showed that only aspirin (but not indomethacin and diclofenac) was significantly superior to placebo, as compared with baseline and duration of pain relief (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively), in both AHN and PHN groups. Good-to-excellent results were achieved by 87% of AHN patients and by 82% of PHN patients treated with the ADE mixture, with no significant differences between the two groups. On the whole, patients with trigeminal involvement, less severe pain and with dysaesthetic quality of pain yielded best results.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Neuralgia of the intermediate nerve combined with trigeminal neuralgia: case report.

An unusual case of a combination of trigeminal and intermediate nerve neuralgia is presented, caused by vascular compression of both of the nerve roots by different vessels. Because the neuralgia of the intermediate nerve could be cured by a vascular decompression operation, it is suggested to include it among the hyperactive dysfunction syndromes of cranial nerves caused by vascular compression at the root entry zone of the nerves. Therefore also for treatment of this neuralgia the non-destructive vascular decompression operation should be taken into consideration.

Cerebrovascular Disorders↗
PubMed1998

Combined hyperactive dysfunction syndrome of the cranial nerves: trigeminal neuralgia, hemifacial spasm, and glossopharyngeal neuralgia: 11-year experience and review.

OBJECTIVE: A pathological condition caused by vascular compression at the root entry/exit zone of the cranial nerves is designated hyperactive dysfunction syndrome (HDS) of the cranial nerves. Patients with HDS who exhibited a combination of trigeminal neuralgia (TN), hemifacial spasm (HFS), and/or glossopharyngeal neuralgia were retrospectively reviewed, to study the incidence, etiological factors, and demographic characteristics for this combined HDS group. METHODS: Medical and surgical records were analyzed for 41 patients with combined HDS, of 1472 consecutive patients with HDS who were treated between 1984 and 1994. RESULTS: The combined HDS group accounted for 2.8% of all patients with HDS; 19 patients (1.3%) exhibited bilateral symptoms, i.e., 14 cases of TN, 3 of combined TN and HFS, and 2 of HFS. Twenty-two patients (1.5%) exhibited ipsilateral symptoms, i.e., 19 cases of TN and HFS and 3 of TN and glossopharyngeal neuralgia. Excluding three patients whose symptoms were associated with brain tumors or arteriovenous malformations, this patient group was older (63.2 versus 55.3 yr, P = 0.0009) and exhibited an increased percentage of associated hypertension (47.4 versus 17.5%, P = 0.000008), with a female predominance (86.8 versus 71.3%, P = 0.07), compared with the single HDS group. Thirty-six of these patients underwent a total of 61 microvascular decompression procedures, with favorable outcomes. The offending vessels were similar to those in single HDS, which were usually conventional and multiple. CONCLUSION: The associated etiological factors for vascular compression syndromes were more evident in the combined HDS group than in the single HDS group. Progressive arteriosclerotic vasculoarchitectural changes of the vertebrobasilar system, accelerated by aging and hypertension, bring about the development of combined HDS, with a remarkable female predominance.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Neurovascular relationships in the posterior cranial fossa, with special reference to trigeminal neuralgia. 2. Neurovascular compression of the trigeminal nerve in cadaveric controls and patients with trigeminal neuralgia: quantification and influence of method.

The theory of neurovascular compression has been tested by comparing the neurovascular relationships of the trigeminal nerve in a series of operative observations in patients affected by trigeminal neuralgia with those of a control series of cadavers matched for age, sex and side, in which operative conditions were simulated during simultaneous arterial and venous injection--filling to physiological pressures, as described in Part 1 of this article. A rigorous system of classification of neurovascular relations is defined. In 46 patients with trigeminal neuralgia, 91% had a vessel in contact with the trigeminal nerve adjacent to the brain stem and in all but one a groove was created. Multiple vessels were found in 17% and in two both the root entry zone and lateral portions of the nerve were compressed. However, in 35 randomly selected fresh cadavers, not known to have suffered neurological disease, 14% had neurovascular contact and a further 26% had vessels "near" to the nerve. No vessel was associated with a groove and no multiple vessels, or sites of contact, were encountered. The difference between the control cadavers and the operative findings in patients related to an increase in the number of arteries. Injection-filling of the cadaveric vessels doubled the numbers of vessels in contact with, and near to the nerve. The technique used and system of classification applied showed an association between arterial contact and trigeminal neuralgia. The technique may provide a suitable method for the testing of the neurovascular compression theory in other conditions.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acute herpetic neuralgia and postherpetic neuralgia in the head and neck: response to gabapentin in five cases.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The clinical presentations and pharmacologic management of three patients with acute herpetic neuralgia (AHN) and two patients with postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), confined to the head and neck region, are described. METHODS: Two patients had pain in the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve, two had pain confined to the C2-C4 dermatomes, and one patient had C2 pain with radiating and referred pain to the second and third divisions of the trigeminal nerve. RESULTS: Gabapentin, an anticonvulsant drug, was effective in treating these patients, including the two cases of AHN. All patients reported complete pain relief after titration with gabapentin up to 1,800 mg/d. The patients noted a dose-dependent decrease in pain almost immediately after starting gabapentin. Specifically, reduction in the frequency and intensity of allodynia, burning pain, shooting pain, and throbbing pain were noted. None of the patients experienced side effects from the drug. CONCLUSIONS: In view of the results in these patients, blinded, controlled studies are needed to determine the efficacy of gabapentin for treating AHN and PHN.

Acetates↗
PubMed1977

Observations on the etiology of trigeminal neuralgia, hemifacial spasm, acoustic nerve dysfunction and glossopharyngeal neuralgia. Definitive microsurgical treatment and results in 117 patients.

Microsurgical observations have been made of the cranial nerve root entry or exit zones 117 patients operated upon for the treatment of hyperactive-hypoactive dysfunction syndromes (trigeminal neuralgia, hemifacial spasm, acoustic nerve dysfunction, and glossopharyngeal neuralgia). Cross-compression or distortion of the appropriate nerve root at its entry or exit zone was noted in all patients. This compression or distortion was usually caused by normal or arteriosclerotic, elongated arterial loops, it was usually relieved by decompressive microsurgical techniques. A small percentage of patients were found to have compression of the nerve root at the entry-exit zone by a tumor, a vein, or some other structural abnormality; they were relieved by tumor excision or other measures as described. Relief was gradual postoperatively if the treated nerve was not stroked or manipulated at operation but it was immediate if the nerve was manipulated. Preoperative evidence of decreased nerve function improved postoperatively.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

A new topical treatment for acute herpetic neuralgia and post-herpetic neuralgia: the aspirin/diethyl ether mixture. An open-label study plus a double-blind controlled clinical trial.

Topical aspirin/diethyl ether (ADE) mixture was used to treat 45 consecutive patients with acute herpetic neuralgia (AHN) (n = 28) and with post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN) (n = 17) in an open-label study. Good-to-excellent results were achieved by 93% of AHN patients and by 65% of PHN patients. Earlier treatment yielded better results for the AHN but not the PHN group. The topical treatment seemed to accelerate the healing of acute herpetic skin lesions and possibly modulate the severity of the herpetic infection. Furthermore, a striking reduction in the percentage of AHN patients developing PHN was observed in the treated group, as compared with the disease natural history reported in the literature (4 vs. 50-70%). Treatment tolerance was excellent with no adverse effect observed. In addition to the open trial, a pilot double-blind crossover placebo-controlled study (n = 11) compared the analgesic efficacy of ADE with two other NSAID (indomethacin and diclofenac) drug/ether mixtures. Aspirin (but not indomethacin and diclofenac) was significantly superior to placebo as regards pain relief (P less than 0.05).

Acute Disease↗