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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Adipose plug myringoplasty: an alternative to formal myringoplasty techniques in children.

Adipose myringoplasty is presented as a simple and cost-effective technique in managing small tympanic membrane perforations in children. A review of 76 fat plug myringoplasties performed on 62 children with drum perforations over a 15-year period was done. Fifty-nine myringoplasties were postinflammatory and/or after extrusion of pressure-equalizing (PE) tubes. Sixteen were residual perforations following temporalis fascia tympanoplasty, and one was posttraumatic perforation. Criteria for selection, operative technique, and results are discussed.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2004

Outcomes of myringoplasty in Australian Aboriginal children and factors associated with success: a prospective case series.

The objective of this study was to assess the outcomes of myringoplasties in Aboriginal children and to identify factors associated with a successful outcome with the use of prospective case series from primary health care clinics and hospitals in four rural and remote regions of Western Australia. All 58 Aboriginal children, aged 5-15 years, who underwent 78 myringoplasties between 1 January 2000 and 30 June 2001 were included in the study. Complete postoperative (post-op) follow-up was achieved following 78% of myringoplasties. The main outcome measures were (a) success, i.e. an intact tympanic membrane and normal hearing six or more months post-op in the operated ear, (b) closure of the perforation, (c) Post-op hearing improvement. Forty-nine per cent of myringoplasties were successful, 72% resulted in closure or reduction in the size of the perforation and 51% resulted in hearing improvement. After controlling for age, sex, clustering and number of previous myringoplasties, no association was observed between success or hearing improvement and perforation size, or the presence of serous aural discharge at the time of surgery. Myringoplasty resulted in hearing improvement and/or perforation closure in a significant proportion of children. Thus, primary school-aged Aboriginal children in whom conservative management of chronic suppurative otitis media has been unsuccessful should have access to myringoplasty because of the positive impact on their socialization, language and learning that results from improved hearing.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed2006

The effects of the incision types in myringoplasty operations on cosmesis.

There is no study based on objective measurements about the cosmetic results of myringoplasty operation in medical literature. This study aims to show the differences in the auriculomastoid angle between the operations which were done with postauricular and endaural incisions. The auriculomastoid angle of 20 patients having had postauricular myringoplasty operation were measured both preoperative and postoperative periods. The auriculomastoid angles of 17 patients having had endaural myringoplasty operation were also measured in both preoperative and postoperative periods. Also, the patients were asked whether there was a change in the shape of their ears. It was observed that the increase of the auriculomastoid angles of the patients who had myringoplasty by postauricular incision was statistically significant when compared to the ones having had the operation by endaural incision. Also, the patients who had myringoplasty operation by postauricular incision realized the change in their ears significantly when compared to the other group. In this study, esthetically better results were observed in the myringoplasty operations done by endaural incision than the ones done by postauricular incision. When deciding on the incision type, this should be considered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

A multivariate analysis of otological, surgical and patient-related factors in determining success in myringoplasty.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of smoking and other prognostic factors on long-term surgical outcome and hearing results in myringoplasty. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort. SETTING: Tertiary medical centre. PARTICIPANTS: Eighty myringoplasty operations were analysed retrospectively from the charts of 74 patients who underwent myringoplasty between January 2000 and November 2002 at the First ENT Clinic of Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, using the chi-squared test, Fisher's exact test, t-test and multiple logistic regression statistical analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The effects of prognostic factors and smoking on myringoplasty were investigated by variables noted from patients' files such as smoking status, operation type, duration of dry period of the diseased ear, peroperative otorrhoea, status of the opposite ear, presence of perforation at admission, place of perforation, size of perforation, status of middle ear mucosa, presence of cholesteatoma and tympanosclerosis, ossicular status, previous and related surgery, experience of the surgeon, presence of anterior overhang, presence of valsalva manoeuvre, postoperative antiobiotic cover and income per day. RESULTS: The overall take rate of the myringoplasty graft was 71%. Based on the univariate analysis, smoking status of the patients (P = 0.008), status of the opposite ear (P = 0.01), size of perforation (P = 0.009) and the experience of the surgeon (P = 0.002) were found to be statistically significant (P < 0.01) prognostic factors influencing the success rate of the operations. Multiple logistic regression analysis was subsequently carried out on these prognostic factors and yielded the following classification (95% CI): senior surgeon (OR = 14.3), non-smoking patient (OR = 11.4), longer duration of dry period of the diseased ear (OR = 5.3), normal opposite ear (OR = 5.0) and small perforation (OR = 4.8). CONCLUSIONS: A non-smoking patient, a longer dry ear, a healthy opposite ear, a relatively smaller perforation and a senior surgeon were found to be significant prognostic factors positively influencing the success rate of myringoplasty.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Results of inlay cartilage myringoplasty in terms of closure of central tympanic membrane perforations.

There is a current effort to perform myringoplasty for tympanic membrane perforations as a day-stay procedure. In 1998, an inlay myringoplasty using tragal cartilage/perichondrium was described. A retrospective study was performed by the author to analyse the results of inlay cartilage myringoplasty, in terms of closure of simple perforations of the tympanic membrane. The results of a control group of previous cases of underlay temporalis fascia myringoplasty were retrieved from the hospital records. All the operations in both groups were performed by the same author at the same institution. The operation of inlay cartilage butterfly myringoplasty has been performed in 28 ears with simple central tympanic membrane perforations. Inconsistent results have been obtained, in that only 43 per cent showed closure of the perforation at the most recent follow-up. A control group of standard underlay temporalis fascia myringoplasty has been performed by the same author in 23 ears. Eighty-three per cent of the perforations were closed at the last follow-up. The difference is statistically highly significant (p < 0.01).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Fat-plug and paper-patch myringoplasty in rats.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the recovery rate in paper-patch and fat-plug myringoplasty in rats. METHOD: Small and large perforations were inflicted on the tympanic membranes of 60 rats. Fat-plug and paper-patch myringoplasties were performed to different groups and another group was left for spontaneous healing. RESULTS: We found that for small perforations, the recovery rate was 94.7% in fat-plug myringoplasty, 94.4% in paper-patch myringoplasty, and 66.6% in control group. The recovery rates in large perforations were 52.9%, 56.2%, and 26.6%, respectively. On the other hand, in larger perforations, paper-patch or fat-plug myringoplasty have not been found effective. CONCLUSION: We believe that due to significant operational advantages, fat-plug or paper-patch myringoplasty can be suggested for the reconstruction of small and dry perforations of the tympanic membrane.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1997

Revision myringoplasty.

This retrospective study was undertaken to review the short- and long-term results of 70 revision and 16 re-revision myringoplasty operations. Of the former, 43 cases (61.4 per cent) had initial success, six weeks following surgery. The leading causes of immediate failure (27 cases) were associated with a complete no-take of the graft, infection with graft necrosis and poor anterior adaptation of the graft in decreasing order. Six out of the 43 patients developed late re-perforations during the follow-up period, thus reducing the success rate of revision myringoplasty to 52.8 per cent. Late re-perforations were attributed to insidious atrophy of the tympanic membrane or episodes of acute otitis media. Sixteen patients underwent re-revision myringoplasty and their success rate was 62.5 per cent. The overall success rate of revision and re-revision myringoplasty was 54.7 per cent. It has been concluded that results of revision myringoplasty were independent of patients' age, location and size of perforation and the seniority of the surgeon.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Fat graft myringoplasty: a cost-effective but underused procedure.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate the success of fat graft myringoplasty and to discuss the utilities and advantages of a fat graft in primary versus revision myringoplasties. METHODS: Eighteen patients who had not had previous otological surgery, and twelve patients whose tympanic membrane perforations have persisted despite myringoplasty with temporalis fascia were included in this prospective clinical trial. All patients were treated by fat graft myringoplasty and followed up for one year. RESULTS: Successful closure of the perforation was obtained in 82.4 per cent of the ears at the final follow up. The success rate in the group of patients who had not had previous otological surgery was higher than those of revision cases. CONCLUSIONS: Adipose tissue provides the basic requirements for grafting of the tympanic membrane, with its own favourable characteristics. Fat graft myringoplasty is a cost-effective alternative in small perforations of the tympanic membrane, including revision cases.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1998

[A clinical comparison of orthodox myringoplasty and a simple method with fibrin glue].

Orthodox myringoplasty was clinically compared with a simple method with fibrin glue which rapidly came into wide use after the report of Yuasa in 1989. In Okayama Saiseikai General Hospital, orthodox myringoplasty was performed in 109 ears from September 1988 to November 1995, and the simple method with fibrin glue was performed in 84 ears from May 1991 to November 1995. The results showed that 90.8% of all eardrum perforations treated by orthodox myringoplasty and 79.8% of all eardrum perforations treated by the simple fibrin glue method were successfully closed. The rate of closure with each method was low in patients with large perforations. Generally speaking the hearing prognosis with each method, hearing improvement was observed right after the operation, and the improved hearing became stable about six months later. The difference in hearing prognosis was investigated in patients with small or large perforations. In patients with large perforations, the improved hearing slightly worsened a year after treatment by orthodox myringoplasty. These results show that the simple method with fibrin glue had the advantage of good hearing prognosis over orthodox myringoplasty, while it was inferior in the rate of closure of large eardrum perforations. It was considered that a simple fibrin glue method should be devised to prevent reperforation and should be used for patients with large perforations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Retrospective analysis of surgical outcome, symptom changes, and hearing improvement following myringoplasty.

This study examines the surgical and audiologic results of myringoplasty and what factors affect these outcomes. It also examines whether patients experience any improvement in their main symptoms following surgery. This was a retrospective analysis of case notes, patient questionnaires, and audiograms of all patients undergoing myringoplasty between 1990 and 1995 at Walsgrave Hospital, Coventry, UK. Overall success of myringoplasty for consultants was 81% and for trainees was 79%, with an overall success rate of 86% in children. Posterior and inferior perforations had a 90% success rate for repair, compared to only 67% of anterior perforations. There was a statistically significant reduction in air-bone gaps following myringoplasty, and the majority of patients felt that their ears were drier and had improved hearing. Myringoplasty is a successful procedure in the hands of consultants and trainees alike. The results are satisfactory enough to justify surgery purely for deafness and also in symptomatic children. There is a strong correlation between surgical success and resolution of symptoms and generally a satisfactory improvement in hearing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Myringoplasty: is it worth performing in children?

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of myringoplasty in children 4 to 14 years old at the time of surgery. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of case notes for 100 consecutive children who had myringoplasty in a teaching hospital serving as a primary care and referral center. METHODS: Between March 1994 and March 1999, patients 14 years or younger at the time of surgery were identified by the computer database. There were 118 procedures performed in 100 patients (18 had a second procedure performed in the contralateral ear at a later date). Twenty-three patients were excluded because they underwent concurrent mastoid exploration, and 6 others because of inadequate follow-up, leaving 89 cases for analysis. Data from revision procedures were not included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Graft success was defined as an intact eardrum at 12 months postoperatively and middle ear effusion signaled graft failure. Success in terms of hearing was defined as an improvement in perception of pure-tone thresholds of 10 dB or greater over 2 consecutive frequencies compared with the results of the preoperative audiogram. RESULTS: Closure of perforation was achieved in 90% (80) of patients, but dropped to 88% (78) as 2 patients developed glue ear. Hearing improved in 64 patients (72%), deteriorated in 7 (8%), and remained unchanged in 18 (20%). There was no case of profound hearing loss. CONCLUSIONS: The success rate of myringoplasty in children is comparable to that reported for adults. The incidence of middle ear effusion in grafted ears is not higher than that reported for nongrafted ears, and children who have had myringoplasty can be treated as safely with ventilation tubes as any other children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Fasciaform myringoplasty in children.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of fasciaform myringoplasty as a means to repair large tympanic membrane perforations in children. DESIGN: Retrospective review of the records of 26 patients who underwent 29 consecutive fasciaform myringoplasty surgeries over a 47-month period. Patients were followed up from 2 to 47 months postoperatively. SETTING: Academic tertiary care children's hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-six patients (5 to 16 years old), with tympanic membrane perforations (25% to 95%) underwent a fasciaform myringoplasty procedure. The perforations were caused by extrusion of ventilation tubes (83%), deep retraction pockets, trauma, or repair after resection of cholesteatoma. INTERVENTION: The surgery involves resection of the native tympanic membrane and annulus. A new tympanic membrane is formed from formaldehyde-fixed autogenous temporalis fascia and positioned. OUTCOME MEASURE: Successful repairs, complications, and audiometric evaluations were analyzed. Fisher's Exact Test was used to compare complication rates by age. RESULTS: Successful closure was accomplished in 69% of cases. Otitis media recurred in 52%. Ventilation tubes were reinserted in 24%; 28% resolved with antibiotics alone. When tubes were placed through the graft, small residual graft perforations resulted. Audiometric evaluation revealed improvement in pure tone average to less than a 20-dB hearing level in 77% and reduction of the air-bone gap to within a 20-dB hearing level in 90% of those cases (10/29) with complete audiometric data. CONCLUSIONS: Fasciaform myringoplasty has proven to be a successful procedure for closing large tympanic defects and improving hearing acuity in the pediatric population. However, recurrent otitis media and eustachian tube dysfunction may continue. Rates of reperforation were statistically significantly higher in children 7 years old and younger. Conservative management of children in this younger age group is warranted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Minimally invasive laser contraction myringoplasty for tympanic membrane atelectasis.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to develop a minimally invasive surgical technique using the CO(2) laser to reduce or eliminate tympanic membrane atelectasis in a select group of patients. STUDY DESIGN: Thirty-seven ears with varying degrees of tympanic membrane atelectasis underwent CO(2) laser myringoplasty with the patients under intravenous sedation in the operating room setting. Atelectasis severity was graded for each patient and documented before and after laser myringoplasty through photodocumentation. Patients were followed for 1 year with comparison tympanic membrane photography. SETTING: The study was conducted in a tertiary care private otology-neurotology practice. RESULTS: Laser myringoplasty significantly reduced retraction pocket severity in most patients. No patients required resection of the retraction pocket or tympanoplasty. The most favorable outcomes were observed in patients with atelectasis addressed early rather than later in its more advanced stages. CONCLUSION: Laser contraction myringoplasty can reduce or eliminate atelectatic areas of the tympanic membrane through immediate contraction and "tightening" of the tympanic membrane tissues. Clinicians should use a standardized tympanic membrane atelectasis grading format. SIGNIFICANCE: A minimally invasive surgical technique for addressing tympanic membrane atelectasis is described, and a tympanic membrane atelectasis grading system is presented based on size, location, and depth of the atelectatic region.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Myringoplasty: a comparison of bismuth iodoform paraffin paste gauze pack and tri-adcortyl ointment ear dressing.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the myringoplasty graft take rate, comparing two methods of post-operative ear packing: bismuth iodoform paraffin paste (BIPP) gauze versus tri-adcortyl ointment (TAO). METHODS: A retrospective study of patients who had undergone myringoplasty at our department within a three-year period was undertaken. Data, including age, site and size of perforation, grade of surgeon, surgical approach, use of post-operative ear dressings, complications, and audiometric outcome, were collected from the patient notes and analysed. The overall success rate of the operation (with success being defined as an intact tympanic membrane at six months) was noted. RESULTS: One hundred and seventy myringoplasties were performed over the study period, but data were complete on 154 patients and these constituted the study population. Age ranged from nine to 71 years (mean age 34 years) and the mean follow-up period was seven months. Consultants performed 62 per cent of the operations, with an 85 per cent success rate, whereas trainees performed the remaining 38 per cent, with a success rate of 73 per cent (p=0.059). The overall success rate was 80 per cent; 79 per cent for BIPP and 83 per cent for TAO (p=0.55), and 87 per cent for small perforations and 75 per cent for subtotal perforations (p=0.22). There was audiometric improvement in 74 per cent of cases. CONCLUSION: We found no significant difference in outcome between patients packed with TAO and BIPP. Packing with TAO is therefore a suitable alternative to BIPP gauze ear dressing following myringoplasty.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Laser-assisted myringoplasty--technical aspects.

At lower power, lasers fuse collagen fibres and weld tissues. Welded collagen fibres make a solid bond and allow tissue growth along the bonded edges. Our aim was to study applicability of lasers in myringoplasty. We used a KTP-532 laser in outpatient myringoplasty. The laser beam was delivered through a micromanipulator connected to a microscope or through a 200-400-micron silica fibre. The perichondrium was used for transplantant and harvested from the tragus. The margins of the perforation in the eardrum were evaporated, with the laser operating in a continuous mode at 2-4 W. The middle ear was filled with gelfilm to provide support for the transplant. The perichondrium was placed under the margins of the tympanic membrane and lazed at low power (0.2-1.5 W) in continuous mode. In pale tissues, venous blood, methylene blue or fluorescein was used to enhance the tissue admittance of laser energy. Surgical failures were linked to thermal tissue damage due to excessive energy during lazing. In two cases, visibility via microscope into the anterior edge was not complete and the transplantant did not adhere in the relatively limited area. One patient had epidermal growth under the tympanic membrane and developed local cholesteatoma. Laser-assisted myringoplasty provides several advantages over traditional myringoplasty: it is minimally invasive, no manipulation of the ossicles is needed and it is convenient in anterior perforations, where it can be done endoscopically. We prefer a fibre delivery system to a micromanipulator, as lazing with endoscopes is possible and thermal damage is easier to prevent.

Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear↗
PubMed1999

Myringoplasty in children: predictive factors of outcome.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the results of myringoplasty in children and to determine which factors independently influence the postoperative results. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study of the anatomic and functional results of 231 consecutive myringoplasties performed in 188 children between 1988 and 1992. Multivariate analysis of poor prognostic factors by cross-sectional comparison 1 year after surgery. METHODS: Myringoplasties were performed via an endaural approach with a fascia temporalis underlay graft. RESULTS: In 216 of 231 ears (93.5%) the tympanic membrane was closed. A good anatomic outcome was considered to have been achieved in 188 ears (81.6%), although in 18 ears (7.8%) seromucous otitis media occurred, in 8 ears (3.5%) a progressive retraction pocket was encountered, and in 2 ears significant lateralization was present. One hundred thirty-nine (67.5%) of the 206 ears tested in the postoperative period had a postoperative air-bone gap of 10 dB or less. On average, mean bone conduction remained unaltered. The age of the patient and the size and the location of the perforation did not affect the outcome. Three prognostic factors for an abnormal postoperative tympanic membrane were found, with 95% confidence intervals: inflammatory changes in the middle ear mucosa (P < .05), contralateral tympanic perforation (P < .05), and contralateral cholesteatoma (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Myringoplasty with underlay grafting of the fascia temporalis in children gives good anatomic and functional results. Inflammatory changes within the middle ear mucosa, contralateral tympanic perforation, and contralateral cholesteatoma independently influence the risk of an abnormal postoperative tympanic membrane. The presence of one of these factors preoperatively should lead to the consideration of alternative, more durable graft material, such as autologous cartilage.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fibrin-glue-reinforced paper patch myringoplasty of large persistent tympanic membrane perforations in the guinea pig.

Investigators have attempted to simplify and improve myringoplasty. However, techniques have not been applied to large, chronic human tympanic membrane perforations. Fibrin glue has been shown to improve wound strength but has not been significantly utilized in myringoplasty. To evaluate the effectiveness of paper patch myringoplasty reinforced with fibrin glue, 15 guinea pigs underwent repeated myringectomy to form persistent (>50%) perforations. The right ears were repaired with a paper patch and fibrin glue (treatment group), and the left ears with a paper patch alone (control group). Of 16 surviving ears (9 right and 7 left), only 1, a left ear, failed to heal. In the control group, histology revealed a larger fibrous layer approaching greater total eardrum thickness than in the treatment group. Neither group was significantly different from a normal, nonoperated tympanic membrane in terms of overall thickness. Fibrin glue failed to demonstrate histologic evidence of increased cellular proliferation and possibly hindered growth. High spontaneous healing rates in guinea pigs undermine myringoplasty modeling.

Animals↗