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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1968

Myosarcomas of the bladder and prostate.

Of 32 patients seen in Memorial Center since 1920 with myosarcomas of the bladder or prostate 26 were male and six were female. The tumors arose in the bladder in 20, in the prostate in 11 and in one patient both organs were involved. Sarcomas of the bladder account for two or three of every thousand bladder cancers and for one of every thousand prostate cancers. Seventy-six patients, or approximately 10% of reported cases, have survived 3 years or more from diagnosis. Forty-five of those 76 sarcomas were reported as specific myosarcomas, i.e., embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, adult rhabdomyosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma or combinations of those three. Thirty-six arose in the bladder, nine arose in the prostate. The most successful methods of treatment have been cystectomy for embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder and segmental resection for leiomyosarcoma of the bladder. Rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder and prostate has seldom been managed successfully, so that no particular treatment can be unconditionally recommended. Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the prostate is as yet an incurable condition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Myosarcomas of the stomach: natural history, prognostic factors and management.

A retrospective study was made of 41 patients treated for gastric myosarcoma to identify prognostic factors that influence results. The adjusted five- and ten-year survival rates were 56% and 43% respectively, with no significant difference between leiomyosarcoma and malignant leiomyoblastoma. A histopathologic grade of malignancy could be assigned to each tumor according to the degree of hypercellularity, nuclear abnormality, mitotic rate and other characteristics. High histopathologic grade, large tumor size (greater than 5 cm diameter) and invasion of adjacent organs adversely affected prognosis. Five-year survival after curative treatment was: 100% (9/9) for small tumors, of which six were treated by wedge gastric resection; 67% (8/12) for large tumors, mostly after subtotal gastrectomy; and 0% for tumors that invaded adjacent organs, despite extended resections. It is concluded that the management of gastric myosarcomas can be planned according to these prognostic factors and that multimodal therapy of tumors with adverse factors warrants consideration.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Myosarcomas of the small and large intestine: a clinicopathologic study.

A retrospective study was made of 38 myosarcomas of the small and large intestines (34 leiomyosarcomas and 4 malignant leiomyoblastomas). Endoenteric, small, and noninvasive tumors were successfully treated by simple wedge excision, cautery snare removal, or segmental bowel resection with a high 5-yr cure rate of 86% (12/14). Exo-enteric tumors often invaded adjacent structures or perforated into the peritoneal cavity. Extensive resection procedures, including pancreaticoduodenectomy, abdominoperineal resection, and pelvic exenteration salvaged only 13% (2/16) of these patients. Three clinicopathologic factors adversely affected prognosis: i) tumor size greater than 5 cm in diameter, ii) extra-intestinal invasion or free perforation, and iii) high histopathologic grade of malignancy. The presence of none, one, two, or three of these adverse factors gave decreasing 5-yr survival rates of 100, 44, 31, and 0%, respectively. These observations suggest use of a multimodal treatment program that may minimize treatment failure from local as well as distant disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Budd Chiari syndrome from myosarcoma of right atrium.

A 50-year-old man presented with abdominal pain followed by marked liver and renal dysfunction. Although liver scan appearances were not diagnostic, at laparotomy a tense, enlarged liver was found with thrombosis of the inferior vena cava. Despite full supportive measures the patient died within a month of laparotomy. Subsequent necropsy confirmed the diagnosis of Budd Chiari syndrome and revealed the primary cause to be a myosarcoma of the right atrium, an occurrence hitherto unreported.

Budd-Chiari Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

[Continuous internalization of TNF receptors in a human myosarcoma cell line].

The cell dynamics of the receptor on tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were studied with the use of TNF-sensitive KYM cells derived from human myosarcoma. With receptor synthesis inhibited by cycloheximide, the half-life of the surface TNF receptor was 2h in the absence of TNF and 30min in its presence, suggesting that the TNF receptor was non-recycling and that its internalization was accelerated by TNF. During cell incubation with suppression of TNF receptor degradation by chloroquine, the number of surface TNF receptors remained approximately constants, but the total number of surface and internal TNF receptors increased gradually, at 3h reaching 1.5 times of the initial number, thus suggesting continuous synthesis, externalization, internalization, and degradation of the TNF receptor in the absence of cycloheximide. When the cells were incubated with 125I-TNF, the intracellular quantity of the pulse-labeled TNF-receptor complex promptly increased, reaching a maximum at 20 min, and then declining gradually. Thus, it was confirmed that the TNF receptor is internalized as a TNF-receptor complex in the presence of TNF. In incubation with suppression of protein synthesis by cycloheximide following surface TNF receptor digestion by trypsin, TNF receptors reappeared on the cell surface, increasing in the number to a peak level at 60 min and gradually decreasing. The cells previously exposed to cycloheximide with or without TNF showed no recurrence of surface TNF receptors, suggesting that the TNF receptor is non-recycling. The results thus suggest that the TNF receptor is continuously internalized and degraded intracellularly by lysosomes without being recycled regardless of the presence or absence of TNF, and further that its internalization is accelerated when it is part of the TNF-receptor complex.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1988

Continuous internalization of tumor necrosis factor receptors in a human myosarcoma cell line.

The cell dynamics of the receptor for tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were examined in TNF-sensitive KYM cells derived from human myosarcoma. With receptor synthesis inhibited by cycloheximide, the half-life of the surface TNF receptor was 2 h in the absence of TNF and 30 min in its presence, suggesting that the TNF receptor is non-recycling and that its internalization is accelerated by TNF. During cell incubation with TNF receptor degradation suppressed by chloroquine, the number of surface TNF receptors remained approximately constant, but the total number of surface and internal TNF receptors increased gradually, at 3 h reaching 1.5 times the initial number, thus suggesting continuous synthesis, externalization, internalization, and degradation of the TNF receptor in the absence of cycloheximide. On cell incubation with 125I-TNF, the intracellular quantity of the pulse-labeled TNF-receptor complex promptly increased, reaching a maximum at 20 min, and then gradually declined, thus confirming that the TNF receptor is internalized as a TNF-receptor complex in the presence of TNF. During incubations with protein synthesis suppressed by cycloheximide following surface TNF receptor digestion by trypsin, TNF receptors reappeared on the cell surface, increasing in number to a peak at 60 min and gradually decreasing, and cells previously exposed to cycloheximide with or without TNF showed no recurrence of surface TNF receptors, suggesting that the TNF receptor is non-recycling. The results of the study thus suggest that the TNF receptor is continuously internalized and degraded intracellularly by lysosomes without being recycled regardless of the presence or absence of TNF and, further, that its internalization is accelerated when it is part of the TNF-receptor complex.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1978

[Antitumor activity of cytostatics on a newly transplanted tumor in mice, myosarcoma ISM].

The author examined the action of 14 known antitumor preparations on mice BAIB/c with newly transplanted tumour occurred after induction with tetrachlormethane. The tumour myosarcoma ISM showed high sensitivity to cyclophosphamide, administration of which caused complete inhibition of tumour growth and regression of tumours. A comparative high antitumour effect was found after usage of sarcolysine, brunemycine and mitomycine C (over 70% of inhibition). There was a moderately manifested inhibition of the tumour growth (around 50%) after administration of cytostatics degranol, purinetol, 5-fluorouracyl and ftorafur. The substances alexan, rubomycine and 1-(2-chlorethy)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea were without effect on myosarcom ISM. The obtained data showed that then tumour well differentiated substances in accordance with their action. It is a prorer model for thorough investigation of antitumour substances.

Alkylating Agents↗
PubMed1981

[Human ovarian myosarcoma and its cell culture (author's transl)].

One case of a very rare myosarcoma of ovarium origin was observed and establishment of its cell lines from the fluid obtained by paracentitis was accomplished. This report is on the determination of the tumor and the biological characteristics of its cultured cells. (Determination of the tumor) (1) This tumor was diagnosed as a malignant of the right ovary, using bimanual examination, selective angiography of the uterine artery, ultrasonic tomography, and abdominal ascitic cell examination. (2) The morphological type of tumor was based findings of hematoxylin eosin. Silver, Mallory and phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin stainings. The tumor was diagnosed as an ovarian sarcoma and probably myogenic. However, a clear cross strain could not be demonstrated. (Cell biological characteristics) (1) Morphological characteristics of cultured cells: a) Phase-contrast microscopy and Papanicolaou staining revealed round or short and spindle shaped cells, with markedly enlarged nucleoli. These proliferated without exhibiting any tendency of contact inhibition. Also frequently recognized were giant cells, multinuclear cells, an some bizarre such as a starfish-shaped cell. b) Electron microscopy revealed that bundles of fibrils regarded as myofibrils existed in the cytoplasma, with dense patches within them, but a cross strain could not be demonstrated. (2) Morphological characteristics of the tumor cells grown in a nude mouse: a) The tumor cells demonstrated similarities to the original tissues by of H.E., Silver, and Mallary stainings. b) A number of fibrils recognized by the electron microscopic observation were 100 A in width and were arranged in a concentric circles. In addition to the light microscopic findings, the above findings indicated that this cell line originated from myogenic sarcoma. (3) Biological characteristics of the cultured cells: a) The number of chromosomes varied widely and spread aneuploidically, the highest chromosome number was 76. b) Doubling time, Saturation density, and plating efficiency was 31.2 hr, 1.2 x 10(5)/cm2 and 43.9% respectively. c) These cells had a high sensitivity for trypsin and started morphological change rapidly.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Radio-immunodetection of myosarcoma using 111indium antimyosin.

Radio-labelled antimyosin-monoclonal antibodies (AMA) have been introduced to demonstrate myocardial necrosis after cardiac infarction or in cardiac allograft transplants. As rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and leiomyosarcoma (LMS) are tumors of myogenic origin, thus often containing myosin, we decided to use the 111In-labelled Fab fragment of AMA (Centocor) in scintigraphic tumor detection. We examined 13 children with histologically-confirmed RMS and LMS, and five other children with other types of soft tissue sarcomas. Conventional techniques were used to determine the extent of the tumor. An uptake of the tracer was observed in all known tumor sites in seven RMS patients. As the scans were negative in three RMS patients who were in complete remission (CR) and in two other patients (fibrosarcoma and haemangiopericytoma) with a measurable tumor mass, we considered them to be "true negative". In the three remaining CR patients (1 RMS, 2 LMS) the scans were positive but weak in the primary tumor site in two cases and in a distant site (bone) in the third respectively. We considered them to be "false positive" as no tumor cells were evident in the biopsy specimen. In one case, the antimyosin uptake was presumably the result of damage to the muscles after radiation. Interestingly, in three patients with other malignancies such as rhabdoid and peripheral neuroectodermal tumors there was a noticeably strong uptake of the tracer in the primary tumors and the scans turned negative after complete remission was achieved. The diagnostic AMA scanning showed no side-effects. The reason why antimyosin antibodies permeate the membrane of the tumor cells is yet undetermined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Myofibromatosis-like hemangiopericytoma metastasizing as differentiated vascular smooth-muscle and myosarcoma. Myopericytes as a subset of "myofibroblasts".

A thyroid hemangiopericytoma that was resected in a 5-year-old boy recurred insidiously in the larynx 8 years later. Marked cicatricial mucosal inflammation prevented a definitive pathologic diagnosis of recurrence until a nodule grew to obstruct the airway 15 years after initial surgery. After excision of the nodule, a larger sarcomatous metastasis was discovered in the upper esophagus and resected, but the patient eventually succumbed to widespread disease at the age of 20 years. The original tumor contained atypical pericytes and bundles of hyalinizing smooth muscle abutting on "staghorn vessels," a pattern similar to infantile myofibromatosis. Desmin immunostaining was negative in the pericytes but positive in smooth-muscle cells dispersed singly as well as in bundles. Both elements reacted strongly for vimentin and the alpha-isoform of actin (alpha-SMA) found in normal smooth muscle and pericytes. A third cell type showing dendritic processes and immunoreactivity for all three antigens was interpreted as a myopericyte. Spindled cells in multiple subsequent mucosal biopsy specimens stained retrospectively also positive for these antigens. Large bundles of vascular smooth muscle surrounded by radiating myocytes characterized the occluding laryngeal nodule. In the esophageal metastasis, which showed no histologic features typical of hemangiopericytoma, numerous mitotically active, small, vimentin+, desmin+, alpha-SMA+ cells often maintained shortened processes and tended to form nodular aggregates about capillaries. Single rows of pericytes accreted to endothelial tubes. Ultrastructurally, some cells contained myofilaments and irregular dense material or showed rare cell junctions and variable investment by a basal lamina.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1989

[A case of primary cardiac myosarcoma].

The case of the very rare, primary malignant neoplasm of a cardiac origin was presented. Authors discussed diagnostic difficulties and clinical symptoms of a disease.

Heart Neoplasms↗