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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Evaluation of a new concept of myofunctional therapy in children.

This prospective study was designed to evaluate a new concept of myofunctional therapy in comparison with conventional myofunctional therapy. 45 children aged three to sixteen years in need of myofunctional therapy were randomly divided into two groups: 19 children were referred to myofunctional therapy in private practices in Hamburg and served as controls. The remaining 26 children were treated with face former therapy at the Department of Orthodontics by a medical assistant specializing in myofunctional therapy. The overall observation time was six months. Every three months an overall clinical assessment was performed at the Department of Orthodontics by a speech pathologist and an orthodontist, who documented the clinical situation. The clinical examination included measurement of lip strength, palatography to document the swallowing pattern, logopedic diagnosis, and an orthodontic examination with reference to a standardized diagnostic sheet. In all children's orofacial function could be improved. Children treated with the Face Former showed a statistically significantly improvement in palatal tongue position during swallowing. They achieved stronger lip pressure within a shorter time than children who did not use the Face Former. However, at the end of the observation time there was no statistically significant difference in lip strength between the two groups. Habitual mouth closure was also achieved within a shorter time for children treated with the FaceFormer than children with myofunctional therapy. Face Former therapy seems to offer a good alternative to conventional myofunctional therapy. Longitudinal studies will follow to judge whether the established orofacial balance could be stabilized, i.e. the established physiological orofacial function becomes automatic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Theoretical approaches to behavior change in myofunctional therapy.

The effectiveness of myofunctional therapy depends not only on the quality of the individual exercises but also considerably on the patient's compliance. In this paper, factors are described which may decisively influence patients motivation to cooperate during treatment. Based on experience in dealing with patients, clinical studies and psychological knowledge, theoretical approaches to patient motivation are discussed, namely aspects of verbal communication, control, reward, behavior agreement as well as verbal self-control and self-reward.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1997

The effectiveness of orofacial myofunctional therapy in improving dental occlusion.

The most significant findings of this study definitively establish the beneficial effects of orofacial myofunctional therapy on improving dental occlusion, decreasing dental open bite, and decreasing dental overjet. The results reported are actually quite conservative because of the method of measuring. Measuring and recording every tooth unquestionably dilutes the results which would have been achieved if only the anterior teeth had been used in the calculations. Some may question the small millimeter change as being significant. The change is reflective of the overall relative value change of incorporating all teeth within the dental arches and not limiting the analysis to only the anterior teeth. The secondary findings of the study confirm that age is not necessarily a factor in predicting success of a therapy program. Further, this study indicates that improvement of open bite and overjet can result from OMT without prior or concurrent orthodontic intervention. Orofacial myofunctional therapy, from a public health standpoint, is a classic form of primary prevention to improve the overall health and well-being of the individual. The end result of OMT therapeutic programs is the establishment of new neuromuscular patterns, correction of functional and resting postures, correction of chewing/swallowing/feeding patterns and elimination of deleterious behaviors. Stabilization and maintenance of therapeutic goals become part of the lifelong learning and change process. Orofacial myofunctional therapy utilizes knowledge and skills acquired through multidisciplinary education and training. Licensed professionals, from dental hygiene, dentistry, speech pathology, medicine, nursing, and other allied health professions with advanced education and training in orofacial myofunctional therapy have demonstrated expertise in providing collaborative, integrated, and interdisciplinary primary care. Reference to earlier research works and anecdotal reports of ineffectiveness unfortunately perpetuate and reinforce the dichotomous quandary of form and function. Instead, recognition of the interrelationship of form and function, as conjoint fundamental processes, would encourage more pro-active patient referrals for orofacial myofunctional therapy services. This would allow the specialty area of orofacial myology to further validate the effectiveness of OMT on tooth movement in a positive, collaborative, and beneficial manner. Acknowledging the small sample size in this study may encourage other clinicians to conduct future research in this area. Additional research is needed on the physiologic adaptive capacity of the orofacial environment. Developmental aspects of orofacial and jaw neurophysiology, especially in children, are scant in the literature. Treatment recommendations for specific dental malocclusions are based on many factors. Each malocclusion classification presents opportunity for OMT research. A major research dilemma for the practicing clinician is the moral and ethical responsibility of providing treatment when dysfunction is diagnosed. Designing a study and identifying a "control group" is difficult due to the unethical aspect of knowingly withholding therapy when the benefits are statistically proven and available. A study design using the sample as its own control can infer and demonstrate validity. The next logical test is replication of this study to determine the level of reliability. This issue of the I.J.O.M. addresses the effectiveness of orofacial myology treatment in improving speech articulation, eliminating digit sucking, and improving dental occlusion. It is time the professions of dental hygiene, dentistry, medicine, and speech pathology move forward and acknowledge current substantive research and literature that supports the philosophies of prevention, early interception (intervention), and corrective treatment. The dark ages of disbelief only remain dark as long as we forget to turn on the light. (ABSTRACT TRU

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Myofunctional therapy in patients with orofacial dysfunctions affecting speech.

Tongue thrusting, deviate swallowing, mouth breathing, orofacial muscle imbalance, deviate mandibular movement and malocclusion are the most important orofacial dysfunctions underlying disorders of articulation. Their development is linked to early bottle feeding and sucking habits. The phoniatrician is charged with the early detection of orofacial dysfunctions affecting speech. Early correction of habits and retraining by speech therapy are important preventive measures. Case histories, phoniatric and myofunctional diagnoses and dental/orthodontic findings were compiled for a total of 103 patients aged 3-30 years (11 +/- 4 years). Forty-five patients have completed a regimen of myofunctional therapy. For these patients highly significant improvements in lip strength, lip closure, breathing and tongue placement as well as in the swallowing pattern and orofacial muscle balance have been observed. Concomitantly, two thirds of the patients (66%) attained normal articulation. Speech defects were resistant to therapy in only 2 cases. In dental/orthodontic practice myofunctional therapy is used for retraining abnormal positions and functions of the orofacial muscles so as to create a normal occlusal relationship. The results of this study show that myofunctional therapy is highly instrumental also in phoniatrics as a special form of treatment for disorders of articulation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Functional outcomes of orofacial myofunctional therapy in children with cerebral palsy.

Though some anecdotal evidence supports the efficacy of orofacial myofunctional therapy in cerebral palsy and other disorders, controlled studies are very scant. This study was undertaken to examine the efficacy of orofacial myofunctional therapy in sixteen children diagnosed with spastic cerebral palsy. Following baseline measures, all children participated in a four-month therapy program, consisting of training the tongue, lips, and jaw muscles for adequate posturing and functioning. Post-therapy measures indicated significant improvement in functioning of lips, tongue, and jaw. Speech intelligibility of words also improved significantly as measured by two judges using a five-point rating scale. A significant correlation was found between tongue functioning and improvement in speech intelligibility; however no significant correlation was obtained between functioning of lips/jaw and speech intelligibility. Clinical implications regarding use of orofacial myofunctional therapy with cerebral palsied children are discussed.

Articulation Disorders↗
PubMed2000

Electropalatographic and cephalometric assessment of myofunctional therapy in open-bite subjects.

Myofunctional therapy (MFT) is often prescribed to correct tongue-thrust swallowing, with the expectation that anterior open bite (AOB) will reduce spontaneously if a more posterior tongue posture is learned. However, MFT has not been subjected to systematic evaluation. Electropalatography (EPG), which is used in speech pathology to measure dynamic tongue function for diagnostic, therapeutic and research purposes, is a suitable technique for the evaluation of MFT. This prospective clinical study assessed the effect of tongue re-education therapy on tongue function and dento-facial form in AOB patients. Electropalatography recordings of speech and swallowing, and lateral head cephalometric radiographs were obtained from eight 10-year-old boys with tongue-thrust swallowing behavior and AOB before and after a course of tongue re-education therapy. Although differences in cephalometric measurements before and after therapy were small, there was some evidence of a trend for upper and lower incisor eruption, with concomitant reduction of the AOB. Analysis of the EPG speech data was inconclusive, but the swallowing data showed trends for more consistent and more anterior patterns of EPG contact after therapy. Comparison of pre- and post-therapy EPG data with data from a parallel study using a group of age-matched controls indicated that some "normalisation" of swallowing behaviour had occurred. The results of this research imply that the therapy was partially successful in improving tongue function during swallowing and in reducing AOB. Further research on a larger sample over a longer observation period is required for more accurate assessment of soft and hard tissue changes.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1995

Effects of oral myofunctional therapy on swallowing and sibilant production.

This study investigated the effectiveness of oral myofunctional therapy in eliminating a 16 year-old girl's tongue thrust swallowing pattern and mild sibilant distortion. An ABC design was used where Phase A had eight baseline sessions (no treatment), Phase B had 14 oral myofunctional therapy sessions, and Phase C had four articulation treatment sessions. Dependent measures of swallowing and sibilant production were obtained in each session. A third dependent variable, labial diadochokinetic rate, was also measured each session and served as a control for maturation. Oral myofunctional therapy was shown to be effective in eliminating the tongue thrust swallowing pattern of this subject, but not her sibilant distortion. However, her sibilant distortion reduced after one articulation treatment session and was maintained at negligible levels over the next three treatment sessions. As expected, labial diadochokinetic rate remained stable across the three phases. At the conclusion of Phase C, two bi-weekly home visits revealed that the subject had maintained and generalized her new swallowing pattern. Measures obtained six months after completion of Phase C indicated that the subject had maintained her new swallowing and speech production behaviors. The subject's maximal tongue strength and endurance were below expected normal values at the initiation of the study and increased during the study. Her tongue endurance appeared more sensitive to the effects of oral myofunctional training than tongue strength and, unlike tongue strength, tongue endurance decreased in the six month period following completion of the study.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The importance of orofacial myofunctional therapy in pediatric dentistry: reports of two cases.

It is essential that the practitioner determine the factors that are etiologically operative in oral myofunctional therapy in order to establish effective methods of intervention. Of these methods, cephalometrics and facial analysis are especially valuable in revealing and differentiating open-bite syndrome. We indicated two cases treated with only the theory of myofunctional therapy and evaluated with cephalometric radiographs and intraoral photos. This is the first report to evaluate for treatment change of myofunctional therapy with cephalometric radiographs.

Cephalometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Removal of sucking habits and myofunctional therapy: establishing swallowing and tongue rest position].

BACKGROUND: The prolonged habit of pacifier sucking and the prolonged use of feeding bottle may cause myofunctional disorder, such as incorrect swallowing pattern and inadequate tongue rest position. AIM: To study the effect of myofunctional therapy (MFT) associated with the removal of the habit of pacifier sucking and the use of feeding bottle (REM) on the rehabilitation of swallowing and tongue rest position. METHOD: Two groups with ten children, ages ranging from four to four years and eight months, who initially presented a pacifier sucking habit and used the feeding bottle were studied. Children on REM group underwent the process of sucking habits removal using the Modified-Counselling Method, whereas children on MFT group underwent the same procedure associated to myofunctional therapy. Pre-treatment assessments were made, as well as 60 and 180 days post-treatment assessments. Data were analyzed using the statistical tests of Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Results indicate that children in the MFT group presented adequate swallowing patterns after 60 and 80 days, and presented adequate tongue rest position after 180 days. Children on the REM group, however, presented adequate swallowing pattern only after 180 days and did not present a significant improvement on the tongue rest position during the assessments. CONCLUSION: Myofunctional therapy associated to the removal of sucking habits presented a better and faster improvement of the swallowing pattern and of the tongue rest position.

Bottle Feeding↗
PubMed1993

Orthodontic changes in oral dyskinesia and malocclusion under the influence of myofunctional therapy.

28 patients in an orthodontic practice who demonstrated both characteristic malocclusion forms with deficiency in the sagittal, transverse and vertical dimensions and orofacial dyskinesia of the inner and outer circles were divided according to clinical criteria into two therapy groups within the framework of a pilot study. One group was treated exclusively with myofunctional therapy, the other with myofunctional therapy and orthodontic appliances (for example activators). Specific examination and goal parameters were documented at the commencement and the conclusion of therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Effects of orofacial myofunctional therapy on speech intelligibility in individuals with persistent articulatory impairments.

This study examined the effects of orofacial myofunctional therapy (OMT) on speech intelligibility in adults with persistent articulation impairments. Six adults in the age range of 18-23 years were selected to receive orofacial myofunctional therapy for a period of six weeks. The results showed that five out of six clients made significant progress in oral postures and speech sound production across all three speech production tasks: single words, sentences, and spontaneous speech. Speech intelligibility increased significantly in all clients except the one diagnosed with developmental apraxia of speech. Orofacial myofunctional therapists, speech-language pathologists, and other professionals need to rule out underlying orofacial myofunctional variables when targeting speech sounds for intervention. Speech production tasks may be considered as important measures to understand the efficacy of OMT in clinical settings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Follow-up study of dyskinesia-induced dysgnathias following myofunctional therapy].

Forty-eight patients with dysgnathia brought about by tongue dyskinesia underwent myofunctional therapy leading up to and at the beginning of orthodontic treatment. Short- and long-term results of this therapy were studied with the help of indirect palatography. Palatographs of empty swallowing and the test consonants "L", "N", "S" and "T" were evaluated visually and metrically. The palatographs were made prior to myofunctional therapy and thereafter first at the end of the therapy, then at the end of the control or supervision period, and finally, after on average 4 years. Visual evaluation revealed a clearly recognizable change in all functions when compared with the physiological palatographs. A change in the "S" consonant sound was the least conspicuous. Metric evaluation revealed for the 4 out of 5 of the test functions, namely, empty swallowing and the consonants "L", "N", and "T", marked long-term dorsal orientation of the tongue. The short-term changes in tongue function were more prevalent than the long-term.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Orofacial myofunctional therapy in dysarthria: a study on speech intelligibility.

Various types of orofacial myofunctional disorders co-exist with speech problems in individuals with dysarthria. Controlled studies stating the efficacy of orofacial myofunctional therapy (OMT) in dysarthric individuals are very scant. The present study was undertaken to examine the efficacy of OMT in twelve patients diagnosed with mild to moderate dysarthria following right hemisphere brain damage. Pre-therapy assessment focused on existing orofacial myofunctional problems and speech intelligibility in the clients. The goals of OMT were to increase strength and mobility of buccal, facial, labial, and lingual musculature. No speech intervention was provided while OMT was in progress. Post-therapy measures indicated significant improvements in the stated goals as well as in speech intelligibility for single words. Patients observed functional improvements in swallowing functions too. A high positive correlation was found between speech intelligibility and diadochokinetic rate. Clinical implications regarding use of OMT in dysarthria are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Influence of orthodontic appliances on myofunctional therapy.

Various removable and fixed orthodontic appliances were rated by interview and questionnaire by 42 myofunctional therapists in the Hamburg area with respect to their influence during myofunctional therapy. The Nance holding arch was given the most negative rating of all appliances covering the palate area. For the active plate, marking the rest position of the tongue by roughening the acrylic surface or by reproducing the palatal relief was considered beneficial. The quadhelix expansion device and Hyrax palatal expander were rated as unfavorable because of their positioning in the palatal area. Among the functional appliances, Fränkel's function regulator was given the best rating. Regular fixed appliances (brackets, bands) were not considered a disturbance. Habit reminders (plates and spurs) were given a very negative rating by ca. 80% of the therapists because they disturbed the myofunctional exercises and led to adaptive dysfunctions. Since many patients with dysfunction of the orofacial musculature undergo simultaneous myofunctional and orthodontic therapy, treatment planning and choice of orthodontic appliances should be carefully coordinated.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1999

Influence of myofunctional therapy on the perioral muscles. Clinical and electromyographic evaluations.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of oral myofunctional therapy on the superior and inferior orbicularis oris (OOS and OOI) and mentalis (MT) muscles at rest and with lips closed in mouth breathing patients with no nasal airway obstruction. The sample consisted of 13 children aged 5-10 years. Clinical and electromyographic evaluations were performed before and after treatment. The results showed that muscles (P < 0.05) and functions (P < 0.01) improved after therapy, which can be observed by clinical evaluations. The electrical activity increase between rest and closed lip positions was statistically significant for the muscles studied. Before therapy the significant minimal level (s.m.l.) was P < 0.01 and after therapy it was P < 0.05. When the difference between the rest and closed lip positions before and after therapy was compared, a statistically significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the electrical activity of the OOI and MT muscles was observed. There was no correlation between the root-mean-square (RMS) of the OOI and MT muscles with the morphological and functional evaluations. The therapy can improve morphology and function of the muscles in mouth breathing patients with no nasal airway obstruction.

Child↗
PubMed1995

Changes in oral functions and posture at rest following surgical orthodontic treatment and myofunctional therapy. Evaluation by means of video recording.

Fifteen adult patients with skeletal mandibular prognathism or openbite underwent surgical and orthodontic treatment, then received myofunctional therapy. Cephalograms, facial photographs and oral models were taken on each patient. Patients were then videotaped, frontally and laterally. Observations were made of forty different oral behaviors and oral rest posture. Changes in morphology, speech, and swallowing are described and evaluated.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Application of myofunctional therapy in cases with craniomandibular disorders.

Modern technology for diagnosis and treatment planning in the management of craniomandibular disorders is described. Three cases are presented to demonstrate how myofunctional therapy is used to 1) stop the damaging hyperactivity of masticatory and perioral muscles and 2) to restore normal muscle function at rest and for chewing and swallowing.

Adolescent↗