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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

The role of botfly myiasis due to Dermatobia hominis L.Jr. (Diptera:Cuterebridae) as a predisposing factor to New World screwworm myiasis (Cochliomyia hominivorax coquerel) (Diptera:Calliphoridae).

In the tropics, the botfly Dermatobia hominis and the NWS Cochliomyia hominivorax are the most important myiasis agents in cattle. It is frequently reported that furuncular lesions due to D. hominis are a predisposing cause for screwworm myiasis. Our results pointed out that only 5.2 to 7.4% of C. hominivorax gravid females oviposited in the offered furuncular lesions. Of 3242 eggs layed on botfly lesions (BFL), only 82 (2.5%) developed to second instar and died. In the flies tested, the furuncular lesions due to Dermatobia were used as food supply in 81.3% of the cases. In our opinion, the role of pH, the microflora associated with BFL, and the foruncular structure were the reasons for this lack of attraction. BFL do not serve as a predisposing factor for screwworm myiasis in the tropics.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed2006

A new approach for the diagnosis of myiasis of animals: the example of horse nasal myiasis.

The myiasis caused by larvae of Rhinoestrus purpureus and Rhinoestrus usbekistanicus (Diptera, Oestridae) are of importance in the horse medicine since it causes severe respiratory diseases. Therefore an accurate diagnosis of rhinoestrosis is central to its epidemiology and control. This paper describes concisely a molecular diagnostic tool that overcomes the current inherent diagnostic constraints and, therefore, is of importance to understand the actual incidence and epidemiology of this myiasis in live horses.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Wound myiasis. Facultative myiasis].

Two cases of traumatic myiasis, one in Bowen carcinoma and one in chronic leg ulcer, are described. The maggots isolated were reared to the adult stage; they proved to be Calliphoridae of the genus Lucilia (presumably L. sericata). The various forms of myiasis and the species involved in such parasitism are described, and the therapeutic efficiency of proteolytic enzymes and the necrolytic potency of maggots are briefly discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Two cases of enteric myiasis in man. Pseudomyiasis and true intestinal myiasis.

Dipterous larvae were found in the appendices from two postmortem examinations. The single maggot in the first case was not immediately identified in the sections. However, when the posterior end of the larva was recovered from the unsectioned portion of the appendix, it was identified as a maggot of the genus Sarcophaga. The first case was believed to be a case of "pseudomyiasis,+ i.e., the accidental entrapment of a swallowed larva passing through the digestive tract. In the second case, the appendix contained numerous larvae with great variation in sizes and stages of development of the mouth hooks, pharyngeal sclerites, and spiracular breathing plates. Such development was considered to have occurred within the intestinal tract, which indicated that this was a case of true intestinal myiasis.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

A collective analysis on 54 cases of human myiasis in China from 1995-2001.

PURPOSE: To review 54 cases of human myiasis in China reported from 1995-2001 in order to characterize the current epidemic situation. DATE SOURCES: All reference data originated from some Chinese literature in Chinese medical journals. Twenty-four short reports published from 1995-2001 were selected according to the stated purpose. Due to the varied outcomes of myiasis at different sites in the body, the present paper is divided into 7 types of infection: ocular, nasal cavity, external auricular, cutaneous, gastrointestinal, urogenital, and traumatic myiasis. RESULTS: Of these 54 selected cases of myiasis in China from 1995-2001, hypodermic myiasis (31 patients) and ocular myiasis (12 patients) were the most common, comprising 43 cases (80%). The cases were equally distributed amongst both genders. Furthermore, most of the infected were children and infants, totaling 39 cases, or 72%. The regional distribution of myiasis was widespread throughout the sixteen provinces and autonomous regions in question. CONCLUSIONS: Although not always reported, myiasis is a common zoonotic parasitosis occurring in most of China's territories. Due to its prevalence, preventive measures for myiasis are urgently needed.

China↗
PubMed2006

The evolution of myiasis in humans and other animals in the Old and New Worlds (part I): phylogenetic analyses.

Myiasis, the infestation of live vertebrates with dipterous larvae, seems to take two distinct forms that, it has been suggested, evolved from two distinct phylogenetic roots: saprophagous and sanguinivorous. However, the convergent evolution of morphological and life-history traits seems to have had a major role in simplifying this overall assessment of the evolutionary routes by which myiasis arose. Moreover, this somewhat simplistic division is further complicated by the existence of both ectoparasitic and endoparasitic species of myiasis-causing Diptera, the evolutionary affinities of which remain to be resolved. To understand how different forms of parasitism arose, the evolution of the various groups of myiasis-causing flies must be separated from the evolution of the myiasis habit per se. Until recently, evolutionary studies of myiasis-causing flies were little more than discussions of morphology-based taxonomy. Since the mid-1990s, however, several formal phylogenies - based on both morphological and, increasingly, molecular data - have been published, enabling reassessment of the hypotheses concerning myiasis evolution. In part I of this review, we focus on some recent landmark studies in this often-neglected branch of parasitology and draw together phylogenetic studies based on molecular and morphological data to provide a framework for the subsequent analysis of biochemical, immunological, behavioural, biogeographical and fossil evidence relating to the evolution of myiasis.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Myiasis in sheep in The Netherlands.

In 1999, among 164 randomly selected Dutch sheep farmers, a questionnaire was carried out to estimate the prevalence of myiasis in sheep and to investigate factors associated with the occurrence of myiasis. The total number of sheep and/or lambs on the reference date 1 August 1999 was 12,200: 5243 ewes, 225 rams, 3393 ewe- and 3339 ram lambs. On 86 (52.4%) of the farms 349 (2.9%) of all sheep and/or lambs contracted myiasis, of which two died. Myiasis was seen significantly more frequently on farms with over 25 ewes compared to smaller farms. Cases of myiasis were detected from April to September, with a peak (47.1%) in August. Occurrence of myiasis was most frequently associated with hot and humid weather and was mainly observed (69.1%) in the area around the tail.Ewes and ewe lambs had significantly more myiasis when compared with rams and ram lambs. There was no relationship with tail docking, with breed, with the time of shearing, with the kind of soil (clay, sand, etc.), with the environment (bush, trees, water, etc.), with the type of treatment (pour on, dipping, spraying), the used insecticides (synthetic pyrethroïds, diazinon, cyromazin, etc.), the number of preventive treatments, the time of treatment or the number of observations on the herd (once a day, once a week, etc.).

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effect of myiasis and acute restraint stress on plasma levels of immunoreactive beta-endorphin, adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) and cortisol in the sheep.

Cutaneous myiasis in sheep arising from the activity of Lucilia cuprina larvae can result in significant physiological changes in susceptible animals. The stress imposed on the pituitary-adrenal axis of the sheep in response to myiasis and acute restraint is the subject of this investigation. Merino wethers were exposed to handling restraint, and blood sampling, during examination for blowfly strike; where necessary, they were treated for cutaneous myiasis. Significant changes in the plasma concentrations of immunoreactive beta-endorphin (beta-EP), ACTH and cortisol were found in sheep with extensive myiasis, as compared with unstruck sheep or those with only localized myiasis. In five susceptible sheep with extensive cutaneous myiasis, mean plasma levels of beta-EP, ACTH and cortisol were 307 +/- 71 pg ml-1, 953 +/- 58 pg ml-1 and 232 +/- 46 nmol l-1 respectively, compared with 818 +/- 89 pg ml-1, 641 +/- 41 pg ml-1 and 107 +/- 17 nmol l-1 in six unstruck sheep handled similarly. Whereas significant increases in plasma ACTH and cortisol can result from pituitary-adrenal responses to acute emotional or surgical stress, and are usually accompanied by a concomitant release of beta-EP from the pituitary, the present findings indicate a marked reduction in beta-EP levels and a significant increase in ACTH and cortisol in sheep following blowfly strike and acute handling restraint. This result suggests that cutaneous myiasis in susceptible sheep can alter the pituitary-adrenal response to acute restraint stress, and this could occur either by an alteration of precursor processing in the pituitary or by the selective release of ACTH.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1975

[Human myiasis in middle Europe].

A report is given on 4 cases of myiasis of the mucous membrane of different localisation and etiology observed in the GDR (vaginal myiasis by Lucilia sericata, urethral and vesicular myiasis by Calliphora vicina, rectal myiasis by Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis and ophthalmomyiasis by Oestrus ovis). Biological peculiarities and habits of life of the causative organisms, pathogenesis of the different forms of parasitosis in man and clinical pictures are described. The cases mentioned show that occasionally is to reckoned with autochthonic myiasis - above all due to larve of blue-bottles, meat and bot-flies - not only in tropic countries, but also in Middle Europe (especially during the warm seasons and when a considerable quantity of flies is present). Among the predisposing factors for furunculous and migrating skin myiasis as well as wound, urogenital, intestinal and other myiases of the mucous membrane comatous conditions due to severe basic diseases play a special part. On unhygienic conditions, however, the parasitic invasion of the maggots of certain, in general harmless species of flies into the integumentum and into various hollow organs of man is just possible also in primarily healthy persons with good general condition. In an adequate anamnesis and suspicious clinical symptomatology, therefore, a myiasis should be included into differential-diagnostic considerations.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Studies of wound myiasis among sheep and goats in North Sinai Governorate, Egypt.

Myiasis of man and animals is a real welfare problem of world wide distribution particularly in animal raising countries. Studies of myiasis of sheep and goats in North Sinai resulted in the identification of 21 species of myiasis producing flies. The predominant species was Musca domestica followed by Lucilia sericata and the least abundant was M. albina. In general, sheep were more infested with wound myiasis than goats. The overall infestation rate was high in summer, followed by spring then autumn. The least rate of infestation was winter. As to the different areas examined, the high rate of infestation was in Bir Al-Abd, followed by Al Hasanah, Al Arish, Al Sheikh-Zowaid and lastly Rafah. The factors predisposing to wound myiasis in a descending order of importance in goats were open wound, shearing wound, caseous lymphadenitis, foot rot, faecal staining, ophthalmo or facial eczema, horn fracture, rumen fistula and lastly posterior paralysis. In sheep, the most important cause was caseous lymphadenitis followed by foot rot, then open wound and faecal staining, shearing wound, and ophthalmo or facial eczema otherwise more or less the same as in goats. It is concluded that myiasis among edible animals is a problem of veterinary and economic importance. The clinical features range between mild annoyance to severely disfiguring or fatal. No doubt, poor hygiene, presence of draining wounds, depressed level of farmers' consciousness and immobility presidose to different anatomic types of myiasis which may extend to man.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

The evolution of myiasis in humans and other animals in the Old and New Worlds (part II): biological and life-history studies.

Myiasis, which is the dipteran parasitism of living vertebrates, occurs in several forms - ranging from benign to fatal, opportunistic to obligate - and seems to have evolved through two distinct routes: saprophagous and sanguinivorous. However, the convergent evolution of morphological and life-history traits seems to have had a major role in confusing the overall picture of how myiasis evolved and this simplistic division is further complicated by the existence of both ectoparasitic and endoparasitic species of myiasis-causing Diptera, the evolutionary affinities of which remain to be resolved. As discussed in part I of this review, if we are to elucidate how the different forms of parasitism arose, it is essential to separate the evolution of the various groups of myiasis-causing flies from the evolution of the myiasis habit per se. Accordingly, whereas we focused on recent landmark phylogenetics studies in part I, we use this framework to analyse relevant biochemical, immunological, behavioural, biogeographical and fossil evidence to elucidate the evolution of myiasis in part II.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Aural myiasis in children and literature review.

Myiasis is a disease caused by fly larvae. The term "myiasis" is derived from the Greek word "myia" meaning fly. Aural myiasis is a rare clinical state and occurs frequently in children. In this article, six children with aural myiasis, caused by the fly larvae, are reported because of unusual presentation. All of the children with aural myiasis were associated with chronic otitis media. In the treatment, a combination of suctioning and alligator forceps was used to remove maggots under the light microscopic field. Additionally, antibiotics were used in all children. Thus, aural myiasis is successfully treated by direct extraction of larvae and application of preventative methods.

Animals↗