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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

[A SEM observation on taxonomic and pharmacognostical identification of genus murraya produced in China].

OBJECTIVE: To Observe the morphological characteristics of the leaf epidermis of 9 Chinese species of genus Murraya and prepare and index for their differentiation. METHOD: SEM(scanning electron microscope). RESULT: Sect. Murraya was found having with blurred dividing lines on epidermis without ropy emblazonry, while sect. Bergera appeared the other way round. CONCLUSION: M. kwangsiensis var. macrophylla should be ground under Sect. Murraya as a new species, while M. tetramera should be separated from M. euchrestifolia; SEM has been proved very useful in the identification, taxonomic and pharmacognostical study of Murraya.

Microscopy, Electron, Scanning↗
PubMed1998

[Study on the volatile oils of Murraya microphylla].

The essential oils from the leaves of Murraya microphylla (Merr. et Chun) Swing. growing in Sangya city, Hainan province have been studied by GC-MS and 22 compounds have been isolated and identified. Major compounds are identified as beta-terpinene (27.86%), decahdro-1, 1,7-trimethylene-1H-cyclopop[e] azulene (24.572%), 1,2,3,4,4 alpha, 5,6,8 alpha-octahydro-7-methyl-1-(1-methyl) naphthalene (11.426%), 3-carene (10.125%), 1, 1-dimethy1-2-(3-methyl-1, 3-butadienyl) cyclopropane (5.581%). According to Mr. Bipeixi's opinion, it exists two distinct sections within Murraya microphylla (Merr. et Chun) Swing. belongs to Murraya section Bergera. Monoterpene must be the dominated volatile fractions according Li Qian's opinion, but it is a exception. Maybe it has special taxonomic significance.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed2004

Effect of extracts of Murraya koenigii leaves on the levels of blood glucose and plasma insulin in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

The effect of daily oral administration of aqueous extract (600 mg/kg b.wt.) and methanol extract (200 mg/kg b.wt.) of Murraya koenigii Spreng leaves for a period of eight weeks was studied on blood glucose and plasma insulin level in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Blood glucose levels of diabetic rats treated with aqueous and methanol extracts of Murraya koenigii Spreng showed significant reduction (P<0.05) as compared to diabetic control groups. Plasma insulin showed significantly high on 43rd and 58th days of treatment in aqueous and methanol extracts of Murraya koenigii treated groups. This suggests that the hypoglycemic effect may be mediated through stimulating insulin synthesis and/or secretion from the beta cells of pancreatic islets of Langerhans.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Sources of the anti-implantation alkaloid yuehchukene in the genus Murraya.

The genus Murraya has been widely used in traditional medicine in east Asia. In view of the recent isolation of the anti-implantation alkaloid yuehchukene from M. paniculata a search has now been made for other natural sources of this alkaloid within the genus. In this paper we report findings for nine taxa of Murraya.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed2000

[Studies on the chemical constituents of Murraya kwangsiensis].

AIM: To investigate the chemical constituents of Murraya kwangsiensis. METHODS: Compounds were isolated by silica gel column chromatography and TLC method, respectively. Structures of compounds were elucidated by spectral (UV, IR, MS, 1HNMR and 13CNMR) analysis. RESULTS: Five carbazole alkaloids and two other compounds were isolated and identified. Six of them are known compounds: murrayafoline A, murrayanine, koenine, isomahanine, palmitic acid and beta-sitosterol. One is a new alkaloid, named kwangsine. CONCLUSION: A new alkaloid, named kwangsine, was isolated from Murraya kwangsiensis Var. Six known compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed2006

Beneficial effects of Murraya koenigii leaves on antioxidant defense system and ultra structural changes of pancreatic beta-cells in experimental diabetes in rats.

Oxidative stress and oxidative damage to tissues are common end points of chronic diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis. Oxidative stress in diabetes coexists with a reduction in the antioxidant status, which can further increase the deleterious effects of free radicals. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible protective effects of Murraya koenigii leaves extract against beta-cell damage and antioxidant defense systems of plasma and pancreas in streptozotocin induced diabetes in rats. The levels of glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin in blood and insulin, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, ceruloplasmin, reduced glutathione and TBARS were estimated in plasma of control and experimental groups of rats. To assess the changes in the cellular antioxidant defense system such as the level of reduced glutathione and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were assayed in pancreatic tissue homogenate. The levels of glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin, TBARS, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were altered in diabetic rats. These alterations were reverted back to near control levels after the treatment of M. koenigii leaves extract. Transmission electron microscopic studies also revealed the protective nature of M. koenigii leaves on pancreatic beta-cells. These findings suggest that M. koenigii treatment exerts a therapeutic protective nature in diabetes by decreasing oxidative stress and pancreatic beta-cell damage. The antioxidant effect of the M. koenigii extract was compared with glibenclamide, a well-known hypoglycemic drug.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Hypoglycemic effects of Murraya koenigii on normal and alloxan-diabetic rabbits.

In past there have been many medicinal plants, which have been used in traditional medicines for their antidiabetic properties without any scientific support and pharmacological evidence. The aqueous extract of Murraya koenigii leaves has been taken to evaluate the hypoglycemic activity in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rabbits. This plant is promising as it is widely and regularly used as a spice for food flavoring and as such it appears to be without any side effects and toxicity. Adequate characterization of hypoglycemic activity of aqueous extract has not been yet done, as no such reports are available in the literature though the activity is reported. The scientific evaluation of its hypoglycemic activity was, therefore, explored and also compared with the effect of a standard hypoglycemic drug, tolbutamide. A single oral administration of variable dose levels (200, 300 and 400 mg/kg) of aqueous extract led to lowering of blood glucose level in normal as well as in diabetic rabbits. The maximum fall of 14.68% in normal and 27.96% in mild diabetic was observed after 4 h of oral administration of 300 mg/kg. The same dose also showed a marked improvement in glucose tolerance of 46.25% in sub-diabetic (AR) and 38.5% in mild diabetic rabbits in glucose tolerance test after 2 h. The findings from this study suggest that the aqueous extract of these leaves may be prescribed as adjunct to dietary therapy and drug treatment for controlling diabetes mellitus.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Anti-trichomonal, biochemical and toxicological activities of methanolic extract and some carbazole alkaloids isolated from the leaves of Murraya koenigii growing in Nigeria.

The methanolic extract of Murraya koenigii leaf was screened for toxicological and biochemical effects on rats because of the folkloric uses as an anti-dysentery and anti-diabetes. The extract was moderately toxic (LD(50)=316.23 mg/kg body weight) to rats and had appreciable effect on the liver and kidney at higher doses leading to liver inflammation. It had little or no effect on haematology and relative organ weight of lungs, heart and spleen. Acute doses (500 mg/kg) reduced significantly serum globulin, albumin, urea, glucose, total protein, aspartate transaminase (AST), and increased cholesterol and alanine transaminase (ALT) indicating hepatic injury. However, chronic administration for 14 days gave a significant (p<0.05) reduction in the serum cholesterol, glucose, urea, bilirubin, ALT and AST showing that the plant has hypoglycaemic and hepatoprotective effects after prolonged use. The activity demonstrated by some of the isolated carbazole alkaloids and their derivatives against Trichomonas gallinae confirmed that the anti-trichomonal activity of the leaf may be due to its carbazole alkaloids. The order of activity was C(18)>C(23)>C(13). Girinimbine and girinimbilol with IC(50) values of 1.08 and 1.20 microg/ml were the most active. Acetylation of girinimbilol and mahanimbilol improved their activities to 0.60 and 1.08 microg/ml.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed2005

Induction of apoptosis by carbazole alkaloids isolated from Murraya koenigii.

In the current study, we isolated 10 carbazole alkaloids from the plant species Murraya koenigii (Rutaceae), and examined their effects on the growth of the human leukemia cell line HL-60. Three carbazole alkaloids, mahanine (6), pyrayafoline-D (7) and murrafoline-I (9), showed significant cytotoxicity against HL-60 cells. Fluorescence microscopy with Hoechst 33342 staining revealed that the percentage of apoptotic cells with fragmented nuclei and condensed chromatin was increased in a time-dependent manner after treatment with each alkaloid. Interestingly, each carbazole alkaloid induced the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, both caspase-9 and caspase-3 were also time-dependently activated upon treatment with the alkaloids. Caspase-9 and caspase-3 inhibitors suppressed apoptosis induced by these alkaloids. The results suggest that these three alkaloids induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells through activation of the caspase-9/caspase-3 pathway, through mitochondrial dysfunction.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed2005

Chemical constituents of Murraya siamensis: three coumarins and their anti-tumor promoting effect.

Isolation and structure elucidation of three coumarins, murrayacoumarins A, B, and C, together with eight known coumarins, from the leaves of Murraya siamensis Craib collected in Thailand are described. Results of a primary screening of inhibitory effects of seven of these compounds on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced Epstein-Barr virus early antigen activation in Raji cells are also presented.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed2005

A benzoisofuranone derivative and carbazole alkaloids from Murraya koenigii and their antimicrobial activity.

A benzoisofuranone derivative, 3xi-(1xi-hydroxyethyl)-7-hydroxy-1-isobenzofuranone, and a dimeric carbazole alkaloid, 3,3'-[oxybis(methylene)]bis(9-methoxy-9H-carbazole), along with six known carbazole alkaloids and three known steroids were isolated from the stem bark of Murraya koenigii. The structures of these compounds were established unambiguously by UV, IR, MS and a series of 1D and 2D NMR analyses. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of these compounds were found to be in the range 3.13-100 microg/ml.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed2002

Hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic activity of Murraya koenigii leaves in diabetic rats.

The commonly used spice curry patta (Murraya koenigii) is traditionally consumed by diabetics in southern part of India. Feeding of diet containing various doses of curry leaves (5, 10 and 15%) to normal rats for 7 days as well as mild diabetic (blood glucose levels >175 mg/dl induced by alloxan 35 mg/kg IP) and moderate diabetic rats (blood glucose levels >250 mg/dl induced by STZ 60 mg/kg IP) for 5 weeks showed varying hypoglycemic and anti-hyperglycemic effect. In normal rats, reduction in blood glucose was almost negligible (approximately 4% with 10 and 15% diet). In mild and moderate diabetic rats, feeding of 5, 10 and 15% diet caused a maximal reduction in blood sugar by 13.1, 16.3 and 21.4% (NS, P<0.05 and 0.005) and 3.2, 5.58, 8.21% (NS), respectively. The mechanism of action is further discussed in light of results of previous and the present study.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Effect of feeding Murraya koeingii and Brassica juncea diet on [correction] kidney functions and glucose levels in streptozotocin diabetic mice.

Purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of daily oral feeding 15% of powdered leaves of Murraya koeingii (MK) (commonly called as Curry patta) and 10% powder of seeds of Brassica juncea (BJ) (commonly called as Rai) for 60 days on serum glucose concentrations and kidney functions in streptozotocin (STZ; 100mg/kg) diabetic rats. Serum glucose levels, body weight, urine volume, serum creatinine, and urinary albumin (UAE) levels were monitored on day 0, 10, 25, 40, and 70 of the experiment. After 60 days of STZ administration, urine volume per day and UAE levels were significantly higher (P<0.0005) in diabetic controls (DC) as compared to normal controls (NC). Although feeding of the MK/BJ showed a trend towards improvement in most of the parameters, results were not statistically different from the DC except in serum creatinine values in BJ-fed rats on day 70. Thus, these plants can be best utilized by promoting them as preferable food adjuvants for diabetic patients.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Comparison of antioxidative properties of carbazole alkaloids from Murraya koenigii leaves.

A new dimeric carbazole alkaloid, 8,10'-[3,3',11,11'-tetrahydro-9,9'-dihydroxy-3,3',5,8'-tetramethyl-3,3'-bis(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)]bipyrano[3,2-a]carbazole (12), was isolated from the CH(2)Cl(2) extract of Murraya koenigii together with six known carbazole alkaloids, koenimbine (6), O-methylmurrayamine A (7), O-methylmahanine (8), isomahanine (9), bismahanine (10), and bispyrayafoline (11). Their structures were determined on the basis of (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric (MS) data. The antioxidative properties of 12 carbazole alkaloids isolated from leaves of M. koenigii were evaluated on the basis of the oil stability index together with their radical scavenging ability against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. On the basis of the lag time to reach a steady state, the 12 carbazoles were classified into three groups. It is suggested that an aryl hydroxyl substituent on the carbazole rings plays a role in stabilizing the thermal oxidation and rate of reaction against DPPH radical.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed2003

Bioactive coumarins from the leaves of Murraya omphalocarpa.

Using antiplatelet aggregation as a guide to fractionation, eight coumarins, omphalocarpinol (1), 5,7-dimethoxy-8-(3'-methyl-2'-oxobutyl)coumarin (2), murralongin, murrayanone, omphamurin (5), murragleinin, mexoticin, and murrangatin, were isolated from the leaves of Murraya omphalocarpa. Compound 1 is new, and 5 is a new enantiomer of omphamurin. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic techniques, and the structure of compound 1 was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Among them, compounds 1, 2 and 5 exhibited significant antiplatelet aggregation activity.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Curry leaf (Murraya koenigii Spreng.) reduces blood cholesterol and glucose levels in ob/ob mice.

We observed that curry leaf (Murraya koenigii) extract possesses the property to decrease blood cholesterol and blood glucose levels in diabetic ob/ob mice. Mice received daily intraperitoneal injections of 80 mg/kg curry leaf extract for 10 consecutive days. The extract significantly decreased blood cholesterol level from 277.6 +/- 16.6 mg/d (day 0) to 182.0 +/- 15.3 mg/d (day 10, p < 0.01 compared with the change in vehicle group). The extract also significantly decreased blood glucose level from 387.0 +/- 15.6 mg/dl (day 0) to 214.0 +/- 26.6 mg/dl (day 10, p < 0.01). In addition, body weight was reduced after extract treatment. Our data suggest that curry leaf may be proved to be of clinical importance in improving the management of high cholesterol level and type 2 diabetes.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Two new dimeric coumarins isolated from Murraya exotica.

Bismurrangatin and murramarin A, two new coumarins, were isolated from the vegetative branches of Murraya exotica. Murramarin A is a rare type of bicoumarin that connects two coumarin moieties by orthoester structure. The structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic methods, especially by 2D-NMR experiments.

Coumarins↗
PubMed1999

[Study on carbazole alkaloids of Murraya microphylla].

Four carbazole alkaloids were isolated from the methanol extract of Murraya microphylla. Their structures were identified by spectral analysis and chemical evidence, which were identified as koenigine, bis-6-hydroxy-7-methoxygirinimbine, girinimbine and mukonicine. All the compounds were discovered from this plant for the first time, and bis-6-hydroxy-7-methoxygirinimbine was a new compound.

Alkaloids↗