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Results for “Multiregional Analysis”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Butyrylcholinesterase in the life cycle of amyloid plaques.

Deposits of diffuse beta-amyloid (Abeta) may exist in the brain for many years before leading to neuritic degeneration and dementia. The factors that contribute to the putative transformation of the Abeta amyloid from a relatively inert to a pathogenic state remain unknown and may involve interactions with additional plaque constituents. Matching brain sections from 2 demented and 4 nondemented subjects were processed for the demonstration of Abeta immunoreactivity, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzyme activity, and thioflavine S binding. Additional sections were processed for the concurrent demonstration of two or three of these markers. A comparative analysis of multiple cytoarchitectonic areas processed with each of these markers indicated that Abeta plaque deposits are likely to undergo three stages of maturation, ie, a "diffuse" thioflavine S-negative stage, a thioflavine S-positive (ie, compact) but nonneuritic stage, and a compact neuritic stage. A multiregional analysis showed that BChE-positive plaques were not found in cytoarchitectonic areas or cortical layers that contained only the thioflavine S-negative, diffuse type of Abeta plaques. The BChE-positive plaques were found only in areas containing thioflavine S-positive compact plaques, both neuritic and nonneuritic. Within such areas, almost all (>98%) BChE-containing plaques bound thioflavine S, and almost all (93%) thioflavine S plaques contained BChE. These results suggest that BChE becomes associated with amyloid plaques at approximately the same time that the Abeta deposit assumes a compact beta-pleated conformation. BChE may therefore participate in the transformation of Abeta from an initially benign form to an eventually malignant form associated with neuritic tissue degeneration and clinical dementia.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Epidemiology of severe thoracic trauma at a multiregional urban hospital. Analysis of 5 years].

The authors re-examined 198 cases of severe chest trauma presented in their hospital in 1983-1987. They analyse the clinical conditions, the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, the results and complications and evaluate each patient according to the ISS code to compare them with the literature data, for the dead patients they classify the lesions according to the autoptic examinations. They confirm in this the validity of the ISS that can be well correlated with: mortality, length of survival and length of hospitalisation, they indicate important prognostic factors such as: age, association with extra thoracic lesions and number of intrathoracic lesions. Plotting the mortality in function of the time, they stress the need for an expert team in the first hours after trauma to manage such patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Marriage, divorce, and remarriage from retrospective data: a multiregional approach.

"In this paper the author applies the framework of multiregional population analysis to marital status changes as revealed by longitudinal retrospective data on marital histories collected as part of the June 1975 [U.S.] Current Population Survey supplement. Four marital statuses are used: never married, presently married, divorced, and widowed. Marital status life tables are computed for three periods: 1960-1965, 1965-1970, and 1970-1975, and, for each period, differences between males and females and between whites and blacks are described." Consideration is given to "the proportion of a life-table cohort ever marrying, the mean age at first marriage, the number of marriages per person marrying, the proportion of marriages ending in divorce, the average duration of a marriage (or a divorce, or a widowhood), and the like."

Black or African American↗
PubMed1994

Spatial-dynamic population systems: analysis and projection.

"In this paper a set of more-detailed multiregional population accounts is proposed to specify more realistically the exposure time of populations at risk for various components of population change. The concepts of population-time at risk and forward demographic rates based on the initial population are discussed. The relations of the forward demographic rates defined in this paper with the occurrence-exposure demographic rates are discussed. A more precise and straightforward multiregional population model is developed on the basis of forward demographic rates. The model is also expressed in the familiar matrix form of multiregional, cohort-survival models." Some applications of the model are made to data for China.

Asia↗
PubMed1993

Trends in neural tube defects 1980-1989.

OBJECTIVES: To determine trends in prevalence of neural tube defects in Australia over the past decade; to investigate the impact of terminations of pregnancy on the birth prevalence of neural tube defects; and to provide a baseline against which to evaluate the potential effects of preventive public health measures. DATA SOURCES: Two population-based registries in Victoria and Western Australia and a statewide survey from Tasmania. DESIGN AND METHOD: A cohort study. Data on the numbers and the prevalence proportions of neural tube defects from three States--Western Australia, Victoria and Tasmania--were compared by Poisson regression. RESULTS: The prevalence proportions for all neural tube defects for all three States remained level over the study period 1980-1989. Terminations of pregnancy for all neural tube defects increased significantly over the decade in all three States. By 1989, 39.9% of all neural tube defects were ascertained as terminations before 20 weeks' gestation, while 10 years previously only 2.9% were. The percentage of cases of anencephaly ascertained as terminations of pregnancy increased from 4.8% in 1980 to 58.6% in 1989. Corresponding figures for spina bifida were 1.4% (1980) and 26.9% (1989), and for encephalocele 0% (1980) and 12.5% (1989). This increase in terminations was associated with a decrease per year in the birth prevalence proportion for anencephaly of 7.0%, for spina bifida of 4%, and for encephalocele of 11.0%, and a reduction in the risk of a birth with a neural tube defect in 1989 of 47% compared with the risk in 1980. CONCLUSION: Complete ascertainment of all terminations for neural tube defects as well as births with neural tube defects is necessary to provide reliable baseline data on the prevalence of neural tube defects. Such data are essential in evaluating primary preventive measures such as the effect of an increase in folic acid intake by women of child-bearing age.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1993

Decline and unevenness of infant mortality in Salvador, Brazil, 1980-1988.

Data relating to infant mortality in Salvador, Brazil, were analyzed in order to determine how infant mortality evolved in various parts of the city during the period 1980-1988. This analysis showed sharp drops in the numbers of infant deaths, proportional infant mortality (infant deaths as a percentage of total deaths), and the infant mortality coefficient (infant deaths per thousand live births) during the study period despite deteriorating economic conditions. It also suggested that while these declines occurred throughout the city, the overall distribution of infant mortality in different reporting zones remained uneven. Among other things, these findings call attention to a need for further investigation of the roles played by various health measures (including immunization, control of respiratory and diarrheal diseases, encouragement of breast-feeding, and monitoring of growth and development) and of reduced fertility (resulting from birth spacing, use of contraceptives, and female sterilization) in bringing about declines in infant mortality during hard economic times.

Brazil↗
PubMed1993

Analysis of social and economic factors affecting mortality in China.

"In this study, the author compares the data from the 1982 and 1990 [Chinese] censuses...,conducts on the basis of the 1990 census a gradual regression analysis of the social and economic factors that affect mortality in various regions, including both urban and rural areas, selects the major factors, and proposes [methods of] further lowering mortality in China."

Age Factors↗