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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Cultural politics and masculinities: Multiple-partners in historical perspective in KwaZulu-Natal.

Drawing from ethnographic, archival and secondary research, this article examines multiple-sexual partners in historical perspective in KwaZulu-Natal, a South Africa province where one in three people are thought to be HIV positive. Research on masculinities, multiple-partners, and AIDS has been predominantly directed towards the present day. This paper stresses the importance of unraveling the antecedents of contemporary masculinities particularly the gendered cultural politics through which they have been produced. Arguing against dominant conceptions of African masculinity as being innate or static, it charts the rise and fall of the isoka, the Zulu man with multiple-sexual partners, over the last century. Showing how the isoka developed through changing conditions occasioned by capitalism, migrant labour and Christianity, it contends that an important turning point took place from the 1970s when high unemployment threatened previous expressions of manliness, notably marriage, setting up an independent household and becoming umnumzana (a household head). The high value placed on men seeking multiple-partners increasingly filled the void left by men's inability to become men through previous means. Turning to the contemporary period, the article argues that, shaken by the huge AIDS deaths, men are betraying increasing doubts about the isoka masculinity.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1996

Partner-specific sexual practices among heterosexual men and women with multiple partners: results from the French national survey, ACSF. Analyse des Comportements Sexuel en France.

Heterosexual men and women with several partners are at risk of acquiring and transmitting sexually transmitted diseases and HIV. Risk depends on parameters such as the sexual practices themselves which may vary according to the type of partner (regular vs. casual). It is therefore important to describe the sexual practices and identify the correlations between the type of partner and these practices among heterosexuals with multiple partners. A subsample of all subjects having had at least two sexual partners during the previous year (n = 1644) was obtained from the ACSF survey (n = 20,055), the French national telephone survey on sexual behavior conducted between September 1991 and February 1992. Questions concerned in particular sexual practices of the last encounter as well as type of partner. Petting and vaginal penetration were almost systematic, mutual manual stimulation and orogenital sex were common, while self-masturbation and anal sex were infrequent. On average, a condom was seldom used. However, it was used more often when the partner was occasional. Nonpenetrative and oral practices were also more frequent with occasional partners. Women tended to report lower frequencies of practices and of condom use than men. A subset of heterosexuals with multiple partners engaged in safe sex. Practices tend to be partner-specific, with safer sex practices more likely to occur with occasional partners, although the magnitude of the difference is moderate.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Demographic characteristics of heterosexuals with multiple partners: the National AIDS Behavioral Surveys.

In a study of risk behavior among heterosexuals, 9% of a national sample and 12% of a sample drawn from high-risk cities report having two or more sexual partners in the year before the survey. In both samples, sex with multiple partners is most common among men, younger people and the unmarried. Multivariate analyses show that racial and ethnic differences in the proportion of respondents with multiple partners vary by marital status. The results indicate that many heterosexuals are failing to protect themselves against sexually transmitted diseases: Among respondents with multiple partners, only 18% of men and 22% of women always use condoms with their primary partner, and 28% of men and 32% of women always use them with secondary partners. These proportions do not increase significantly with the number of partners; in general, almost half of men and women with multiple partners never use condoms.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2006

Unprotected sex with multiple partners: implications for HIV prevention among young men with a history of incarceration.

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to describe preincarceration risk behaviors of young men and identify correlates of unprotected sex with multiple partners during the 3 months before incarceration. STUDY: Data on preincarceration risk behaviors were obtained from 550 men, aged 18 to 29 years, in state prisons in California, Mississippi, Rhode Island, and Wisconsin. Correlates of unprotected sex with multiple partners were determined by logistic regression. RESULTS: Of 550 participants, 71% had multiple sex partners, 65.1% had sex with a partner they perceived as risky, and 45.3% engaged in unprotected sex with multiple partners. Men who drank heavily (odds ratio [OR], 1.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-2.54) or who had a risky partner (OR, 3.90; 95% CI, 2.60-5.85) were more likely to report unprotected sex with multiple partners. Men who attended religious gatherings (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.46-0.96) or lived in stable housing (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.48-1.00) were less likely to report unprotected sex with multiple partners. CONCLUSIONS: Most participants engaged in behaviors that could result in a sexually transmitted disease, including HIV. Prevention programs should address the relationship between heavy alcohol use and risky sexual behavior. Discharge planning should address housing needs. Faith-based community organizations may play an important role for some young men in their transition to the community.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Conflict over multiple-partner mating between males and females of the polygynandrous common lizards.

The optimal number of mate partners for females rarely coincides with that for males, leading to a potential sexual conflict over multiple-partner mating. This suggests that the population sex ratio may affect multiple-partner mating and thus multiple paternity. We investigate the relationship between multiple paternity and the population sex ratio in the polygynandrous common lizard (Lacerta vivipara). In six populations the adult sex ratio was biased toward males, and in another six populations the adult sex ratio was biased toward females, the latter corresponding to the average adult sex ratio encountered in natural populations. In males the frequency and the degree of polygyny were lower in male-biased populations, as expected if competition among males determines polygyny. In females the frequency of polyandry was not different between treatments, and polyandrous females produced larger clutches, suggesting that polyandry might be adaptive. However, in male-biased populations females suffered from reduced reproductive success compared to female-biased populations, and the number of mate partners increased with female body size in polyandrous females. Polyandrous females of male-biased populations showed disproportionately more mating scars, indicating that polyandrous females of male-biased populations had more interactions with males and suggesting that the degree of multiple paternity is controlled by male sexual harassment. Our results thus imply that polyandry may be hierarchically controlled, with females controlling when to mate with multiple partners and male sexual harassment being a proximate determinant of the degree of multiple paternity. The results are also consistent with a sexual conflict in which male behaviors are harmful to females.

Aggression↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multiple partners, risky partners and HIV risk among low-income urban women.

A sample of 671 predominantly single, young black women living in 10 low-income housing developments in five cities completed an anonymous questionnaire assessing factors related to their risk of contracting the human immunodeficiency virus, including their sexual behavior and condom use, and their partners' risk-related behaviors. In the two months before the 1994 survey, 17% of the women had sex with multiple partners and 22% had an exclusive partner who either had had other sexual partners in the past year or had a history of injection drug use; 40% had an exclusive partner who they believed had not engaged in these risky behaviors. During the same interval, 26% of women who had multiple partners received treatment for a sexually transmitted disease, compared with 9-11% of those who had an exclusive relationship. Condom use at last intercourse and communications about condom use were less frequent among women with an exclusive, risky partner than among those with multiple partners; attitudinal barriers to condom use did not vary, however, by the characteristics of women's relationships.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[HIV prevalence among heterosexual subjects with multiple partners in Amsterdam].

To study the prevalence of HIV-infection among heterosexuals with multiple partners, participants were recruited from a STD clinic in Amsterdam. In 1988, 785 visitors met the selection criteria, of whom 361 (46%) finally participated. An HIV prevalence of 2/361 (0.6%) was found among participants. To test representativity, participants and refusers were compared on demographic characteristics and prevalence of STDs. Male refusers were on average younger, had on average fewer partners and relatively more often had a foreign nationality. Female refusers had on average fewer partners. No differences were found in the prevalence of STDs between participants and refusers. Because of the high refusal rate and differences between participants and refusers, the HIV prevalence found is not representative of heterosexuals with multiple partners.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Changing patterns in reported sexual practices in the population: multiple partners and condom use.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the pattern of change with regard to condom use and multiple sexual partners is influenced by gender or educational level. DESIGN: Findings from data collected from 1987 to 1990 about changes in condom use and multiple-partner activities are presented, based on telephone interviews with 9416 participants aged 18 to 44 years resident in central Scotland, UK. METHODS: Change in patterns over time were modelled in a multivariate logistic regression using a linear interactive modelling program. RESULTS: Several models showing changes in the proportion of multiple-partner respondents and condom users yielded a complicated pattern of behavioural change in educational status and gender. CONCLUSIONS: There is a large difference in reported condom use and multiple sexual partners by gender, but the difference is decreasing over time. Better educated respondents increased their use of condoms while less educated respondents showed a decrease in the proportion of multiple partners.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Investigations on hepatitis C virus infection among heterosexuals with multiple partners and patients with sexually transmitted diseases].

The seroprevalence of antibody against hepatitis C virus (HCV) was assessed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 110 heterosexually transmitted diseases (STDs), 98 heterosexuals with multiple partners, and 107 blood donors. The serum samples were also tested for hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody against hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc). Of the patients with STDs 12.7% (13/110) were anti-HCV antibody positive; of heterosexuals with multiple sexual partners, 4.1% (4/98) positive; of blood donors, 1.87% (2/107) positive. Among the 18 cases of HCV infection, 3 were positive for HBsAg and 10 were positive for anti-HBc antibody. There was no relationship among HCV infection, sex and age in observed objects. From the present data, we can conclude that HCV infection should not be ignored in heterosexuals with multiple partners and patients with STDs, and the risk factor for HCV infection appeared to be associated with a history of STDs and with HBV infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Hepatitis B virus infection in a group of heterosexuals with multiple partners in Amsterdam, The Netherlands: implications for vaccination?

The aim of the study was to assess prevalence and incidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among heterosexual men and women with multiple partners attending a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic and to establish risk factors of HBV infection in order to consider immunisation for those subjects. A prospective study of heterosexual men and women selected on having multiple partners and presenting to an STD clinic as new patients was carried out from October 1987 through December 1989. Follow-up continued until December 1990 at the STD clinic of the Municipal Health Service of Amsterdam. Five hundred ninety-eight men and women entered the study. More than 70% of both women and men had had commercial sexual partners in the last 5 years. Three hundred eighty-one participants were born in HBV low endemic countries, 205 came from HBV intermediate endemicity regions. The prevalence of HBV markers in both men and women from low endemic regions was 10%, and for men and women from middle endemic regions 42% and 19%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that number of years involved in commercial sex was an independent risk factor in male participants from HBV low endemic regions (odds ratio [OR] 1.10 per year) and for women sexual contact with men at high risk of HBV infection (OR 2.59).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Studying health consequences of microchimerism: methodological problems in studying health effects of procreation with multiple partners.

A pregnancy requires a reasonably good health and may have positive as well as negative health consequences for the woman. Part of these health effects may depend on the immune response to the exchange of fetal cells (microchimerism). The number of biological fathers to a woman's children may thus have a health effect beyond the parity effect. A possible design for studying this is to compare health effects for women with or without multiple partners but with the same parity. We compared total and cause specific mortality in these two groups in order to estimate their comparability and thus the problem of confounding. By using population registries we identified all women who had children with at least two different partners from 1973 to 1996 in Denmark (64,704 exposed women). Among all women who had at least two births in the above mentioned time period, we selected a random sample of 100,000 women to obtain information on women having one father for their children. We linked this cohort to a number of registries, including the Cause of Death Registry. We studied cause-specific mortality up to 1997. Altogether 1373 women died during follow-up. Women who had children with more than one partner had a higher relative mortality rate, which was even higher if she had more than two partners. This finding persisted after excluding unnatural deaths and did not depend on time from exposure. Although some of the findings were adjusted for parity, age and social factors, it is highly unlikely that these large differences are entirely related to microchimerism. The study shows that caution is needed when studying health effects of procreation with multiple partners.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Female preference for multiple partners: sperm competition in the hide beetle, Dermestes maculatus (DeGeer).

Explanations for the evolution of polyandry emphasize either direct benefits or indirect genetic benefits. The former class of explanation predicts that females may seek multiple copulations but not necessarily multiple partners, while the latter predicts that females will seek multiple copulations with different partners. We investigated these predictions experimentally in the hide beetle, in which females mate more than once during their reproductive cycle. Female hide beetles remated more readily with novel males than with their previous partners, suggesting they mate multiply in order to obtain indirect, genetic benefits. In double-mating experiments with sterile males, the proportion of eggs fertilized by the second male was highly variable; this could not be explained by variation in male body size, duration of copulation or mating order. Male hide beetles form postinsemination associations by riding on the backs of females. This behaviour was more prevalent in the presence of rival males and less prevalent in the presence of additional females, suggesting that the behaviour serves to increase paternity, perhaps by obtaining additional copulations. Copyright 1999 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Sexual behavior of female rats in a multiple-partner preference test.

In this study, sexually experienced female rats were tested in a multiple-partner preference test (MPPT) in which they were allowed to pace their sexual contacts with four sexually active males. Four cylinders, with a small hole through which only the female could move freely from one cylinder to another, were assembled forming in the center an empty compartment. An intact female was placed in the central compartment and a sexually active male in each cylinder. Female sexual behavior was analyzed throughout the estrus cycle in four consecutive days. Each daily test lasted 15 min. The percentage of exits after intromission or ejaculation was significantly higher than the percentage of exits after each mount. The female spent significantly longer time with one of the males. We designated this male as the preferred male (PM). Although in each of the 4 days studied, females spent significantly longer time with the PM, however, the male selected was not the same throughout the estrus cycle. The number of entries into the compartment of the PM was significantly higher and increased around proestrus. Compared to previous studies, pacing behavior was notably lower in the conditions of the MPPT. No significant differences were observed during the estrous cycle concerning the other parameters recorded. The present results suggest that the MPPT could be a good model to study partner preference in the female rat.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Limited changes in sexual behaviour of heterosexual men and women with multiple partners in The Netherlands.

To study changes in sexual behaviour, heterosexuals with multiple sexual partners were recruited through an STD-clinic and asked to return every 4 months for follow-up. Between October 1987 and June 1989, 512 heterosexuals entered the study and 140 men and 200 women had at least one follow-up visit. No changes were found between 3 visits in the kind of sexual techniques practiced. Condom use during vaginal intercourse with commercial partners (prostitutes or clients) was relatively high and remained high, but was low and remained at that level with private partners. Men and women reduced their number of private sexual partners by 50%, but the decline in the number of commercial partners was nonsignificant. Although more information is needed about the underlying social-psychological aspects of behavioural change, it seems necessary to redesign prevention activities to stress the effectiveness of condoms and to encourage condom use especially among heterosexuals with multiple private partners.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2005

Condom use by male, enlisted, deployed navy personnel with multiple partners.

STUDY QUESTION: Condom use by male enlisted personnel deployed on an aircraft carrier in spring 2002 who reported having casual sex partners in foreign ports and (1) only a steady partner, (2) only casual sex partners, or (3) both steady and casual sex partners in the home port. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey, with analysis of the subsample reporting multiple partners (n = 378). RESULTS: Sexual behavior was less frequent and condom use was higher in foreign ports (p < 0.0001). Men involved with both steady and casual partners used condoms less consistently than did those involved with only casual partners (p < 0.05). Sexual behavior also varied with the type of partner (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Navy strategies promoting condom use in foreign ports appear effective. New strategies are needed for home ports and for men involved with both steady and casual partners.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Incidence and risk factors for acquisition of sexually transmitted diseases in heterosexuals with multiple partners.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The incidence of four STDs that are mainly transmitted during vaginal intercourse, and risk factors for acquisition during follow-up were studied in a cohort of heterosexuals with multiple partners in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. These heterosexuals with > or = 5 different sexual partners in the preceding 6 months were recruited from an STD clinic and participated voluntarily in a longitudinal HIV study between 1987 and 1991. STUDY DESIGN: Using survival techniques, the authors analyzed data on general characteristics, sexual behavior, reported and diagnosed STDs of 155 men and 234 women participating at least twice in the HIV study and returning regularly. RESULTS: The majority of women were prostitutes and the majority of men were clients of prostitutes. For men and women, the 2-year cumulative incidence were 2.7% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.9-8.3) and 0.8% (95% CI 0.1-5.8), respectively, for syphilis, 8.5% (95% CI 3.9-18.0) and 5.3% (95% CI 2.6-10.8) for gonorrhea, 20.2% (95% CI 12.5-31.9) and 31.9% (95% CI 23.7-42.2) for Chlamydia trachomatis infection, and 24.5% (95% CI 17.3-34.2) for trichomoniasis (examination in women only). Among men, STD(s) diagnosed at entry was found to be an independent predictor of infection with any of these STDs during follow-up (relative hazard (RH) = 2.58, 95% CI 1.18-5.64). Among women, risk factors were age < or = 25 years (RH = 1.82, 95% CI 1.13-2.19) and current report of commercial unprotected vaginal contacts (RH = 2.19, 95% CI 1.11-4.13). Among women, trichomoniasis during follow-up was predicted by current report of commercial contacts (RH = 2.59, 95% CI 1.16-5.79). C. trachomatis infection in women was associated with native country outside the Netherlands (RH = 2.47, 95% CI 1.38-4.43), reported history of STDs in the 4 months before the study (RH = 2.92, 95% CI 1.39-6.14) and age < or = 25 years (RH = 1.90, 95% CI 1.06-3.40). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that STDs were common among this group of heterosexuals, despite regularly participating in the HIV study in which consistent condom use was promoted. Prevention efforts should be intensified for men and women having commercial sexual contacts, young women, and individuals with a history of STDs.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multiple partners and partner choice as risk factors for sexually transmitted disease among female college students.

Multiple sexual partners and partner choice are believed to increase the risk of sexually transmitted disease (STD), but these behaviors had not previously been assessed outside of clinical populations. In this study, a cross-sectional survey among single, white, female students in their senior year of college was conducted to measure the association between behavioral risk factors and the acquisition of self-reported STDs during college. The usable response rate was 47.2% (n = 467). The combined prevalence of chlamydial infection, gonorrhea, genital herpes, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, syphilis, and trichomoniasis during a 3.5-year period was 11.7%. There was a strong association between number of sexual partners and having an STD: those women with 5 or more sexual partners were 8 times more likely to report having an STD than those with only 1 partner, even after adjusting for age at first intercourse (odds ratio = 8.1; 95% confidence interval = 1.99, 32.64). The prevalence of a history of STDs increased with more causal partner choice and earlier age at first intercourse, but neither factor was independently associated with a history of STDs. Of the respondents, 23% always used condoms. Future research should focus on identifying ways of effectively changing high-risk sexual behavior.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Reproduction in free-ranging Propithecus verreauxi: estrus and the relationship between multiple partner matings and fertilization.

Female sifaka mate selectively with one or more resident and/or non-resident males during the breeding season. Various adaptive explanations have been advanced to explain why female primates mate with multiple males including that 1) females seek to confuse paternity and thereby forestall male infanticide and/or ensure male infant care or 2) females seek to ensure fertilization. Assessing the power of fertilization insurance to explain mating patterns in females requires information on the temporal relationship between mating and ovarian hormones. The hormonal correlates of reproduction and mating in free-ranging Propithecus verreauxi were investigated using excreted steroids as indices of reproductive state. Solid-phase extraction and radioimmunoassay techniques were used to measure unconjugated estradiol (E(2)) and progesterone (P(4)) in 485 desiccated fecal samples collected from five female sifaka before and during the breeding season at Beza Mahafaly, Madagascar. Results suggest that behavioral estrus was characterized by 10 to 15-day elevations in E(2); hormonal activity was observed to be similar to pseudo-estrus reported for other lemur species; apparent conception was associated with sustained P4 elevations beginning 1 to 3 days post-estrus with gestational phase elevations of E2 beginning 42 to 45 days post-conception; and mating with multiple partners appeared not to be a prerequisite to fertilization, as conception resulted from both monoandrous and polyandrous matings. These preliminary data suggest that fertilization insurance is not adequate to explain polyandrous mating in sifaka at Beza Mahafaly.

Animals↗