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PubMed2026

Lipid metabolism in hepatopancreas and ovaries of the mud crab Scylla paramamosain during vitellogenesis.

Ovarian lipids are essential nutrients that fundamentally determine oocyte and offspring quality, and ultimately affect the reproductive performance of decapod crustaceans. Lipids accumulated in the ovaries during vitellogenesis are mainly derived from the hepatopancreas. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying lipid metabolism in the hepatopancreas and ovaries during vitellogenesis remain largely unclear. In this study, comparative transcriptomic and lipidomic analyses were conducted on the hepatopancreas and ovaries of the mud crab Scylla paramamosain. From early to late vitellogenic stages, 454 lipid species were significantly increased and 17 decreased in abundance in the hepatopancreas, and 609 increased and 23 decreased in abundance in the ovaries. Meanwhile, there were 1481 upregulated and 963 downregulated transcripts in the hepatopancreas, and 3402 upregulated and 1478 downregulated transcripts in the ovaries. Subsequently, KEGG pathway co-enrichment analysis showed that the de novo biosynthesis of glycerophospholipids and glycerolipids was enhanced in the hepatopancreas, with upregulated ALDH, GPAT, plsC, PLPP, FASN, and HSD17B8 transcripts and elevated abundances of PC, PE, PS, PA, PG, DG, and TG species from the early to late vitellogenic stages in mud crabs. In contrast, glycerophospholipid catabolism and conversion were activated in the ovaries, with upregulated PLA2G, LYPLA1, NTE, GPCPD1, PLD_1, PGS1, and CRLS transcripts and elevated abundances of LPC, LPE, LPS species. These findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of lipid metabolism during vitellogenesis in decapod crustaceans.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Depth-dependent microbial succession and interspecies hydrogen transfer drive pit mud maturation in Chinese strong-flavor baijiu fermentation.

Microbial communities in fermentation pit mud play a key role in determining the quality of Chinese strong-flavor baijiu (CSFB). However, the ecological processes underlying pit mud maturation across spatial and temporal scales remain unclear. In this study, amplicon sequencing and metagenomic analyses were employed to investigate the taxonomic succession, community assembly, and metabolic functions of bacterial and archaeal communities during the transition from fresh pit mud (FPM) to new pit mud (NPM) and old pit mud (OPM). A pronounced depth-dependent succession pattern was observed, with 4 cm representing a critical ecological boundary separating distinct community structures and maturation trajectories. During surface-layer maturation, community assembly shifted from stochastic to deterministic processes, accompanied by homogeneous selection and increasing network complexity. In contrast, stochastic processes remained dominant throughout deep-layer maturation. Metagenomic analyses revealed a functional transition from lactate and acetate production, primarily associated with Lactobacillus in FPM and NPM, to butyrate and caproate production associated with Clostridium and Caproiciproducens in OPM. This functional transition was accompanied by enhanced amino acid metabolism, which was associated with the enrichment of Proteiniphilum and Aminobacterium. Notably, methanogen-mediated interspecies hydrogen transfer (IHT) emerged as a key ecological feature during pit mud maturation. In OPM, IHT networks primarily involving Methanobacterium and Methanosarcina linked methanogenesis with reverse β-oxidation through diverse hydrogen-transfer pathways, reinforcing metabolic interactions underlying caproate production. These findings provide new insights into the ecological mechanisms underlying pit mud maturation and offer a theoretical basis for the directed cultivation of high-quality pit mud in CSFB production.

Hydrogen↗
PubMed2026

Evolutionary characterization and expression profiling of ACC and FASN genes in Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis.

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FASN) are rate-limiting enzymes in the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway, yet their evolutionary relationships, sequence features, and expression profiles remain poorly understood in crustaceans, particularly in the economically important Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). Here, we identified and systematically analyzed ACC and FASN genes in E. sinensis using comparative genomic analyses across 43 species. ACC was highly conserved as a single-copy gene in invertebrates, in contrast to the multiple paralogs observed in vertebrates. Similarly, FASN was generally maintained as a single-copy gene across most taxa but exhibited lineage-specific expansion in certain insect groups. Phylogenetic and structural analysis revealed strong conservation of both genes within crustaceans, supported by multiple conserved motifs and canonical functional domains. Expression profiling showed predominant expression in the hepatopancreas and midgut, suggesting their potential involvement in crustacean lipid metabolism. During the molting cycle, ACC and FASN exhibited higher expression levels during stages C and D, suggesting an increased capacity for fatty acid biosynthesis before molting. In addition, dietary lipid levels experiment revealed that ACC and FASN expression responded dynamically to dietary lipid availability, with increased expression at moderate lipid levels but reduced expression under excessive lipid supplementation, indicating a possible adaptive transcriptional response to lipid status. Collectively, this study provides insights into the evolutionary conservation and expression dynamics of ACC and FASN and improves our understanding of lipid metabolic adaptation in crustaceans.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Molecular mechanisms of neuroendocrine regulation of molting in the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis): A transcriptomic analysis based on eyestalk ablation model.

Molting disability severely restricts the sustainable aquaculture of the Chinese mitten crab, yet the neuroendocrine mechanisms coordinating physiological responses remain poorly understood. Using unilateral eyestalk ablation to remove the primary source of molt-inhibiting hormone (MIH), we performed time-resolved transcriptomic profiling of the thoracic ganglion at 24 h (early premolt) and 48 h (ecdysis) post-ablation. We identified 2825 differentially expressed genes and uncovered a biphasic molecular response. At 24 h, the thoracic ganglion activates pathways associated with neuromuscular adaptation, oxidative stress, and cardiac muscle contraction. Notably, the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway is selectively rewired: cytochrome P450 ω-hydroxylases (CYP2J2, CYP4V2) are upregulated, while competing branches (epoxide hydrolase, cyclooxygenase) are suppressed, promoting local synthesis of the potent vasoconstrictor 20-HETE within the thoracic ganglion. This enzymatic switch provides a mechanistic link between MIH withdrawal and the local generation of elevated hemolymph pressure required for molting. By 48 h, the transcriptional program shifts toward chitin-based extracellular matrix remodeling, glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, and synaptic reorganization. Collectively, our findings redefine the thoracic ganglion as an active neuroendocrine integrator that translates reduced MIH signaling into phased physiological outputs, revealing a "neuro-endocrine-hemolymph pressure" regulatory axis. This study provides novel molecular targets (e.g., CYP2J2, CHS1, UGCG) for mitigating molting disability in E. sinensis aquaculture.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Brain network alterations underlying cue reactivity and craving in abstinent methamphetamine users: a systematic review of functional MRI findings.

BACKGROUND: Methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) is marked by intense craving and high relapse risk, often triggered by drug-related cues. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides key insight into the neural basis of this cue reactivity, implicating large-scale brain networks for reward, motivation, and control. Yet, findings remain inconsistent across studies due to differences in task design, abstinence duration, and participant characteristics. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review synthesises evidence on how abstinence influences brain network alterations underlying cue reactivity and craving in methamphetamine users, integrating task-based and resting-state fMRI findings within leading neurobiological models of addiction. METHODS: A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Ovid was conducted up to August 10, 2025, following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Eligible fMRI studies examined cue reactivity or craving in abstinent methamphetamine users. Data were extracted on activation, connectivity, and brain-behaviour associations, and synthesised narratively. RESULTS: Task-based studies revealed heightened activation across reward, salience, and control networks during cue exposure, which diminished as parietal and executive control systems re-engaged with longer abstinence. Resting-state findings showed disrupted intrinsic connectivity among default mode, salience, and frontoparietal networks, reflecting persistent imbalances linked to craving and use severity. CONCLUSION: fMRI evidence shows that MUD is marked by network-level disruption linking reward, salience, and control systems. Task-based findings reveal strong cue reactivity in reward circuits, while resting-state data show persistent imbalance among default mode and control networks. With abstinence, partial restoration of network integrity emerges, highlighting both vulnerability and opportunities for targeted, recovery-based interventions.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Prevention of postpartum methamphetamine use with micronized progesterone trial (PROMPT): A pilot randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: Methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) contributes to postpartum morbidity and mortality. Postpartum progesterone decline may destabilize γ-aminobutyric acid pathways, increasing craving and return to use. We assessed the feasibility and safety of micronized progesterone, generating efficacy estimates for preventing postpartum methamphetamine use. METHODS: We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled feasibility trial (November 2021-January 2024) at an academic center with a perinatal addiction clinic. Participants ≤ 12 weeks postpartum with ≥ 4 weeks of abstinence were randomized 1:1, stratified by opioid use disorder (OUD), to micronized progesterone 400mg (200mg twice daily) or identical placebo for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was feasibility, defined as achieving ≥ 80% of planned enrollment. Safety outcomes included adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs). Efficacy outcomes were return to methamphetamine use (weekly self-report and every two weeks urine toxicology) and methamphetamine craving. Analyses included intent-to-treat and per-protocol approaches, with loss to follow-up imputed as return to use. Craving trajectories were modeled using adjusted regression with interaction terms for medication for OUD (MOUD). RESULTS: Of 253 screened individuals, 43 were eligible and 34 were enrolled (91.8%; 18 progesterone, 16 placebo). Retention at 12 weeks was 88%. AE frequency was similar between groups (78% vs 81%; p > 0.05), and no maternal SAEs occurred. Four infant SAEs were deemed unrelated to treatment. Return to methamphetamine use did not differ between groups. Craving trajectories differed by MOUD type. CONCLUSIONS: Micronized progesterone was feasible and safe for postpartum individuals with MUD. MOUD-specific craving effects support evaluation in larger, multicenter efficacy trials. GOV REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05128071 NCT REGISTRATION: Prevention of postpartum methamphetamine use with micronized progesterone trial https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05128071.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Surface shaving proteomics reveals a parasite-encoded protein embedded in the spore filaments of Ameson portunus.

The surfaces of microsporidian spores are frequently adorned with filamentous appendages of unknown origin and function. Although some studies suggest that these structures may be host-acquired, the absence of identified parasite-encoded components has hindered our understanding of their biogenesis and role in infection. Here, we applied surface shaving proteomics to profile the surface-exposed proteins of Ameson portunus -a microsporidian pathogen causing severe myopathy in portunid crabs. Our analysis identified 120 candidate surface proteins. Nineteen of these were highly enriched by both direct shaving and SDS-assisted methods, representing a high-confidence surfome. Among these, a previously uncharacterized protein, designated 8-2.11, was confirmed via immunofluorescence assay and immunoelectron microscopy. It was expressed early in development stage and specifically localized to the spore wall and hair-like projections (HLPs) of microsporidia. Notably, polyclonal antibodies against recombinant 8-2.11 recognized a native protein in spores, specifically labeled the HLP structures, and showed no cross-reactivity with host cells. Our results provide the first evidence of a parasite-encoded protein that is integral to HLP formation, challenging the prevailing hypothesis that these surface filaments are solely host-derived. This study establishes surface shaving as a powerful tool for microsporidian research and highlights 8-2.11 as a promising candidate for future functional studies on spore surface biology and host-parasite interactions.

Animals↗